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Introdução: Os traumas abdominais representam notável importância dentre as causas predominantes de morbi-mortalidade no mundo. Em se tratando de óbitos relacionados a essas lesões, estão na categoria de causas externas, as quais no Brasil representam a segunda causa geral de mortalidade, principalmente na população em idade ativa. Notadamente, traumas estão fortemente relacionados a acidentes automobilísticos, cujas taxas vêm crescendo nos últimos anos. Neles, ocorrem os politraumas, cuja região abdominal é inclusa de forma prevalente. Objetivo: a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar o perfil de óbitos os quais sejam associados a trauma abdominal e submetido ao Instituto Médico-Legal, entre os anos de 2019 até 2021. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo, do tipo transversal, de caráter fundamentalmente quantitativo, no qual foram avaliados os laudos de óbitos decorrentes de trauma abdominal necropsiados no IML de Toledo (PR), no período de 2019 a 2021. Foram avaliadas as variáveis sexo, idade, tipo de lesão, circunstância dos óbitos e órgão mais acometido. Resultados e discussão: dos 916 óbitos trazidos à Polícia Científica de Toledo (PR) advindos de causas externas, os inclusos dentre os traumas abdominais representaram um percentual de 51,05% (n=462), no período de 2019 a 2021. Observou-se maior prevalência de óbitos por acidentes automobilísticos (68,61%), cuja causa principal foi o politrauma (37,45%). O sexo masculino fora o mais prevalente, com 84,85% (n=392), cuja faixa etária teve concentração entre os 18 aos 29 anos. Os órgãos mais lesionados foram o fígado (69,31%) e o baço (33,66%). Considerações finais: nesta amostra houve predominância de óbitos por acidentes, principalmente associados ao trauma contuso, em homens na faixa entre 18 e 29 anos, cujo órgão mais lesado fora o fígado. O conhecimento acerca do perfil de óbitos é uma importante ferramenta epidemiológica frente a possíveis intervenções, além de servir como fonte estatística para outros trabalhos do âmbito médico-legal.

Introduction: Trauma represents a notable importance among the predominant causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. When it comes to deaths related to these injuries, they are in the category of external causes, since in Brazil they represent the second general cause of mortality, especially in the working-age population. Notably, traumas are strongly related to car accidents, whose rates have been increasing in recent years. In them, polytraumas occur, whose abdominal region is prevalently included. Objective: this research aims to present the profile of deaths which are associated with abdominal trauma and hospitalized at the Instituto Médico-Legal, between the years 2019 to 2021. Methodology: retrospective, cross-sectional study, fundamentally quantitative, in which the reports of deaths resulting from abdominal trauma necropsied at the IML of Toledo (PR), from 2019 to 2021, were evaluated. The variables were gender, age, type of injury, injuries of the deaths and most affected organ. Results and removal: Of the 916 deaths brought to the Scientific Police of Toledo (PR) from external causes, those included among abdominal traumas represented a percentage of 51.05% (n=462), in the period from 2019 to 2021. there was a higher prevalence of deaths from car accidents (68,61%), whose main cause was polytrauma (37.45%). Males were the most prevalent, with 84.85% (n=392), whose age group was concentrated between 18 and 29 years. The most injured organs were the liver (69.31%) and the spleen (33.66%). Final considerations: in this sample there was a predominance of deaths from accidents, mainly associated with blunt trauma, in men aged between 18 and 29 whose most injured organ outside the liver. Knowledge about the profile of deaths is an important epidemiological tool in the face of possible interventions, in addition to serving as a statistical source for other studies in the medical-legal field.

Introducción: El traumatismo abdominal representa notable importancia entre las causas predominantes de morbimortalidad en el mundo. Cuando se trata de muertes relacionadas con estas lesiones, se encuentran en la categoría de causas externas, que en Brasil representan la segunda causa general de mortalidad, especialmente en la población en edad de trabajar. En particular, el trauma está fuertemente relacionado con los accidentes automovilísticos, cuyas tasas han aumentado en los últimos años. En ellos se producen politraumatismos, cuya región abdominal está predominantemente incluida. Objetivo: esta investigación tiene como objetivo presentar el perfil de las muertes asociadas a traumatismo abdominal y presentadas al Instituto Médico Legal, entre los años 2019 y 2021. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo, transversal, de carácter fundamentalmente cuantitativo, en el que se analizaron los reportes de muertes. resultantes de trauma abdominal autopsiado en el IML de Toledo (PR), de 2019 a 2021. Se evaluaron las variables sexo, edad, tipo de lesión, circunstancias de las muertes y órgano más afectado. Resultados y discusión: de las 916 muertes aportadas a la Policía Científica de Toledo (PR) por causas externas, las incluidas dentro de los traumatismos abdominales representaron un porcentaje del 51,05% (n=462), en el periodo 2019 a 2021. observado- hubo mayor prevalencia de muertes por accidentes automovilísticos (68,61%), cuya principal causa fue el politraumatismo (37,45%). El sexo masculino fue el de mayor prevalencia, con 84,85% (n=392), cuyo grupo etario se concentró entre 18 y 29 años. Los órganos más lesionados fueron el hígado (69,31%) y el bazo (33,66%). Consideraciones finales: en esta muestra hubo predominio de muertes por accidentes, principalmente asociados a traumatismos cerrados, en hombres con edades entre 18 y 29 años, cuyo órgano más lesionado fue el hígado. El conocimiento sobre el perfil de defunciones es una importante herramienta epidemiológica de cara a posibles intervenciones, además de servir como fuente estadística para otros trabajos médico-legales.

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OBJECTIVES: Blunt abdominal trauma is a common cause of emergency department admission. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is the gold standard method for identifying intra-abdominal injuries in patients experiencing blunt trauma, especially those with high-energy trauma. Although the diagnostic accuracy of this imaging technique is very high, patient admission and prolonged observation protocols are still common practices worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of intra-abdominal injury in hemodynamically stable patients with high-energy blunt trauma and a normal abdominal CT scan at a Level-1 Trauma Center in Colombia, South America, to assess the relevance of a prolonged observation period. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients admitted to the emergency department for blunt trauma between 2021 and 2022. All consecutive patients with high-energy mechanisms of trauma and a normal CT scan at admission were included. Our primary outcomes were the incidence of intra-abdominal injury identified during a 24-hour observation period or hospital stay, ICU admission, and death. RESULTS: We included 480 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 33 (IQR 25.5, 47), and 74.2% were male. The most common mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle accidents (64.2%), falls from height (26%), and falls from bikes (3.1%). A total of 99.2% of patients had a Revised Trauma Score of 8. Only 1 patient (0.2%) (95% CI: 0.01-1.16) presented with an abdominal injury during the observation period. No ICU admissions or deaths were reported. CONCLUSION: The incidence of intra-abdominal injury in patients with hemodynamically stable blunt trauma and a negative abdominal CT scan is extremely low, and prolonged observation may not be justified in these patients.

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RESUMEN Antecedentes: el tratamiento conservador no invasivo del traumatismo esplénico disminuye intervenciones quirúrgicas innecesarias y depende centro asistencial donde es aplicado. Objetivo: describir los resultados del tratamiento conservador no invasivo de pacientes con traumatismo abdominal cerrado con lesión esplénica y correlacionarlos con variables preoperatorias. Material y métodos: trabajo observacional descriptivo de pacientes con traumatismo abdominal cerrado con lesión esplénica ingresados entre 2012-2022. Se analizaron cinemática del traumatismo, lesiones asociadas, grado de lesión tomográfica y de hemoperitoneo, lugar de internación y resultado del tratamiento conservador no invasivo. Resultados: en 102 pacientes la cinemática del traumatismo de mayor frecuencia fue moto/auto (47,1%); el porcentaje de éxito del tratamiento conservador no invasivo fue 66,6%, y se relacionó con el grado de lesión tomográfica (p <0,001), grado de hemoperitoneo (p <0,001), presencia de otras lesiones (p <0,001), traumatismo encéfalo craneano grave (p <0,009), y lugar de internación (p <0,002). Conclusión: a pesar de no contar con todos los recursos humanos y tecnológicos recomendados, el tratamiento conservador no invasivo en esta serie tuvo resultados comparables con centros de mayor complejidad.

ABSTRACT Background: Non-invasive conservative treatment of splenic trauma reduces the rate of unnecessary surgical interventions and depends on the type of healthcare center involved. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of non-invasive conservative treatment in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and splenic injury and their correlation with the preoperative variables. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective and observational study of patients admitted with blunt abdominal trauma and splenic injury between 2012 and 2022. The variables analyzed were kinematics of trauma, lesion severity on computed tomography images, amount of hemoperitoneum, type of unit of hospitalization and results of non-invasive conservative treatment. Results: Among 102 patients, the most common kinematics of trauma was motorcycle-to-car collisions (47.1%); the success rate of non-invasive conservative treatment was 66.6%, and was associated with lesion severity on computed tomography images (p < 0.001), amount of hemoperitoneum (p < 0.001), presence of other injuries (p < 0.001), severe trauma brain injury (p < 0.009), and type of unit of hospitalization (p < 0.002). Conclusion: Despite the absence of recommended human and technological resources, the results of non-invasive conservative treatment in this series were comparable to those obtained in high complexity centers.

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BACKGROUND: Isolated perforations of hollow viscus (HV) represent less than 1% of injuries in blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). When they do present, they are generally due to high-impact mechanisms in the segments of the intestine that are fixed. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of major HV injuries in BAT at the "Dr. Domingo Luciani" General Hospital (HDL), and address the literature gap regarding updated HV perforations following BAT, especially in low-income settings. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of patients admitted to our trauma center with a diagnosis of complicated BAT with HV perforation over 14 years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Seven hundred sixty-one patients were admitted under the diagnosis of BAT. Of them, 36.79% underwent emergency surgical resolution, and 6.04% had HV perforation as an operative finding. Almost half (44.44%) of these cases presented as a single isolated injury, while the remaining were associated with other intra-abdominal organ injuries. The most common lesions were Grade II-III jejunum and Grade I transverse colon, affecting an equal proportion of patients at 13.33%. In recent years, an increased incidence of HV injuries secondary to BAT has been observed. Despite this, in many cases, the diagnosis is delayed, so even in the presence of negative diagnostic studies, the surgical approach based on the trauma mechanism, hemodynamic status, and systematic reevaluation of the polytraumatized patient should prevail.

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Objective: In the present study, we aimed to examine the treatments and their outcomes in cases with colon injuries after blunt and penetrating abdominal traumas. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients who underwent a laparotomy and were found to have a colon injury due to blunt abdominal trauma, penetrating stab injury, gunshot injury, and traffic accident were included. All patients were admitted into the emergency outpatient clinic of Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic between 2016 and 2020. The records of the cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Colon injuries were detected in 26 cases. All 26 (100%) cases were males with an average age of 29.80 ± 11.4 (range: 17-60) years old. Colon injuries observed during emergency operations included 18 (69.23%) patients with a GSI (gunshot injuries), 3 (11.53%) with penetrating stab injuries, 4 (15.38%) who were a part of traffic accidents and 1 (3.85%) patient with a blunt abdominal trauma. A primary colon repair was performed in 10 patients. Five patients underwent a colon resection and there were end colostomies. Four patients underwent a loop ileostomy after a colon resection and anastomosis. Colon resections with anastomoses were performed in seven patients. The mean hospitalization period was 26 ± 29.28 days. Conclusion: Patients should be classified intraoperatively with findings, such as peritoneal contamination, degree of colon injury, duration of the injury, and any accompanying injuries. (AU)

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Pancreatic trauma is a rare but potentially lethal entity which requires a high level of clinical suspicion. Early diagnosis and assessment of the integrity of the pancreatic duct are essential since ductal injury is a crucial predictor of morbimortality. Overall mortality is 19%, which can rise to 30% in cases of ductal injury. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach is multidisciplinary and guided by a surgeon, imaging specialist and ICU physician. Laboratory analysis shows that pancreatic enzymes are frequently elevated, which is a low specificity finding. In hemodynamically stable patients, the posttraumatic condition of the pancreas is firstly evaluated by the multidetector computed tomography. Moreover, in case of suspicion of ductal injury, more sensitive studies such as Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography or cholangioresonance are needed. This narrative review aims to analyze the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of pancreatic trauma and discuss its diagnosis and treatment. Also, the most clinically relevant complications will be summarized.

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Impalement injuries are a complex and rare type of penetrating abdominal trauma that happens when an object such as a post or a pole penetrates a person injuring several organs, making it a life-threatening situation in which time and correct management play an important part in the survival of the patient. A 37-year-old man suffered abdominal impalement injury with a metal signal post, penetrating the left flank of the abdomen. On examination, there is a hypoventilated left hemithorax with intercostal retractions, increased heart rate, weak distal pulses, delayed capillary refill, and pale skin. A 1-meter-long metal post (approximately 7cm diameter) penetrates the left flank with the entry in the posterior lumbar region. Abdominal viscera, omentum, intestinal content, and ischemic loops of the small intestine are visible. An exploratory laparotomy was performed; left hemicolectomy, end colostomy and Hartmann procedure, resection of the affected jejunum, and end-to-end anastomosis were performed. On the ninth postoperative day, an abdominal tomography was performed due to the presence of fever peaks, which reported thrombosis of the left renal artery and emphysematous pyelonephritis, with the presence of a left pararenal collection. A simple left nephrectomy was performed. Postoperative surveillance was satisfactory during the following 5 days. The patient was discharged. An impaled injury is a complex lesion that needs special attention from the medical field for correct management. Although there is some literature about it, we encourage more research to be done about impalement injuries.

Las lesiones por empalamiento son un tipo de traumatismo abdominal penetrante complejo y raro de que se produce cuando un objeto, como un poste o una vara, penetra a una persona lesionando varios órganos, lo que la convierte en una situación potencialmente mortal en la que el tiempo y el manejo correcto juegan un papel importante en la supervivencia del paciente. Un hombre de 37 años sufrió una herida por empalamiento abdominal con un poste de señales de metal, penetrando el flanco izquierdo del abdomen. A la exploración física, hay un hemitórax izquierdo hipoventilado con retracciones intercostales, aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca, pulsos distales débiles, relleno capilar retrasado y piel pálida. Un poste metálico de 1 metro de largo (aproximadamente 7 cm de diámetro) penetra el flanco izquierdo con entrada en la región lumbar posterior. Son visibles las vísceras abdominales, el epiplón, el contenido intestinal y las asas isquémicas del intestino delgado. Se realizó una laparotomía exploradora; Se realizó hemicolectomía izquierda, colostomía terminal y procedimiento de Hartmann, resección del yeyuno afectado y anastomosis terminoterminal. Al noveno día postoperatorio se realiza tomografía abdominal por presencia de picos febriles, que reporta trombosis de arteria renal izquierda y pielonefritis enfisematosa, con presencia de colección pararrenal izquierda. Se realizó nefrectomía izquierda simple. La vigilancia postoperatoria fue satisfactoria durante los siguientes 5 días. El paciente fue dado de alta. Una lesión por empalamiento es una lesión compleja que necesita una atención especial desde el ámbito médico para su correcto manejo. Aunque existe cierta literatura al respecto, alentamos a que se realicen más investigaciones sobre estas lesiones.

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Introducción: El traumatismo abdominal cerrado puede provocar lesiones orgánicas graves con hemorragias que demandan un tratamiento quirúrgico emergente y es la principal causa de muertes evitables en todos los grupos de edad. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínico quirúrgicas de los pacientes con trauma cerrado de abdomen. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo para evaluar el comportamiento del trauma cerrado de abdomen en 81 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital General Provincial Docente "Roberto Rodríguez Fernández" de Morón desde enero del 2014 hasta diciembre de 2019. Resultados: El adulto joven fue el grupo de edad predominante (34,6 por ciento) del sexo masculino (19,8 por ciento), el accidente de tránsito (48,1 por ciento) fue la causa principal. El cuadro hemorrágico (39,5 por ciento) seguidos del cuadro doloroso abdominal (38,3 por ciento) representaron los síntomas clínicos más relevantes. La positividad de los exámenes auxiliares estuvo representada por la ecografía abdominal (74,1 por ciento) seguida de la punción abdominal (9,9 por ciento. Las lesiones hepáticas (27,0 por ciento) seguidas de las esplénicas (19,0 percent) fueron las vísceras macizas más afectadas. El 77,8 por ciento fue intervenido quirúrgicamente y las técnicas quirúrgicas hepáticas fueron las más empleadas para un total de 17 casos (26,9 por ciento). El choque hipovolémico (12,7 por ciento) fue la complicación posoperatoria más encontrada. Se reportó un 12,3 por ciento de fallecidos. Conclusiones: El paciente con trauma cerrado de abdomen debe ser considerado siempre politraumatizado cuyo tratamiento inicial se dirige a la estabilización rápida e identificación de lesiones que amenacen la vida(AU)

Introduction: Blunt abdominal trauma can cause severe organ injury with hemorrhage demanding emergent surgical treatment. It is the leading cause of preventable death among all age groups. Objective: To assess the clinical-surgical characteristics of patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective observational study was carried out to assess the characteristics of blunt abdominal trauma in 81 patients treated at Roberto Rodríguez Fernández General Provincial Teaching Hospital of Morón from January 2014 to December 2019. Results: Young adults represented the predominant age group (34.6 percent), together with the male sex (19.8 percent). Traffic accident (48.1 percent) was the main cause. Hemorrhagic symptoms (39.5 percent) was the most relevant clinical symptoms, followed by abdominal pain (38.3 percent). Positive results in complementary tests were represented by abdominal ultrasound (74.1 percent), followed by abdominal puncture (9.9 percent). Hepatic lesions (27.0 percent) was the most affected solid viscera, followed by splenic lesions (19.0 percent). 77.8 percent of cases were operated on and hepatic surgical techniques were the most frequently used, accounting for 17 cases (26.9 percent). Hypovolemic shock (12.7 percent) was the most frequent postoperative complication. A death rate of 12.3 percent was reported. Conclusions: The patient with blunt abdominal trauma should always be considered polytraumatized, in which case the initial treatment is aimed at rapid stabilization and identification of life-threatening injuries(AU)

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La evaluación y el manejo del trauma abdominal ha presentado cambios significativos en los últimos tiempos. La laparoscopia en el trauma abdominal penetrante ha sido de gran utilidad principalmente como método diagnóstico, sin embargo, se debería considerar como herramienta terapéutica.Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia del manejo laparoscópico vs el convencional en el tratamiento de pacientes con trauma abdominal penetrante por heridas de arma blanca.Métodos : Estudio experimental, prospectivo, comparativo. La población de estudio estuvo representada por pacientes con diagnóstico de traumatismo abdominal penetrante por herida de arma blanca que ingresaron a la emergencia de cirugía del Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño durante el periodo enero 2019 a julio 2021.Resultados : Fueron incluidos 48 pacientes, 28 pacientes del grupo control y 20 pacientes del grupo experimental. Ambos grupos fueron comparables con respecto a edad y sexo. El índice de severidad del trauma (PATI) fue similar en ambos grupos. Las complicaciones y el tiempo quirúrgico no tuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Las cirugías negativas representaron el 15 % en el grupo laparoscópico vs 11 % en el abordaje convencional. El porcentaje de conversión fue de 15 %. La estancia hospitalaria fue menor en el grupo laparoscópico 3,25 vs 4,6 días (p = 0,04).Conclusión: La cirugía laparoscópica puede considerarse el abordaje de elección en pacientes hemodinámicamente estables con trauma abdominal penetrante por herida de arma blanca, siendo un método seguro y eficaz, brindando los beneficios propios de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, con baja tasa de complicaciones y una recuperación más rápida(AU)

The evaluation and management of abdominal trauma have changed significantly in recent times. Laparoscopic approach in penetrating abdominal trauma has been useful as diagnostic method, however, its therapeutic value should be considered. Objective: To determine the efficacy of laparoscopy versus laparotomy approach as treatment in patients with penetrating abdominal trauma caused by stab wounds. Methods: We conducted an experimental, prospective and comparative study. Study population was represented by patients with diagnosis of penetrating abdominal trauma due to stab wounds who were admitted to the emergency room of Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño Hospital between January 2019 and July 2021.Results : 48 patients were included, 28 in the control group and 20 patients in the experimental group. No differences were found between groups regarding age and sex. The penetrating abdominal trauma index (PATI) was similar in both groups. Differences in complications and surgical time were not statistically significant. Non-therapeutic surgeries represented 15 % in laparoscopic group and 11 % in laparotomy group. The conversion percentage was 15 %. Hospital stay were shorter in laparoscopic group, 3.25 vs 4.6 days (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery can be considered the approach of choice in hemodynamically stable patients with penetrating abdominal trauma due to stab wounds. It is a safe and effective method, providing the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, with a low rate of complications and faster patient recovery(AU)

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RESUMEN El traumatismo abdominal en la edad pediátrica se considera la segunda causa de muerte después del trauma craneoencefálico. Requiere para su diagnóstico un alto índice de sospecha y su riesgo vital está condicionado por la hemorragia y la peritonitis. Con el propósito de estandarizar en una guía la conducta en Cuba en el traumatismo abdominal pediátrico, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema y el estudio de diferentes casuísticas del hospital pediátrico "Juan Manuel Márquez", que es centro provincial de politrauma infantil de La Habana; la guía se aprueba por consenso en la Sociedad Cubana de Cirugía Pediátrica. Las causas más frecuentes de traumatismo abdominal son: en el niño mayor los accidentes de tránsito y en el niño menor las caídas de altura. En la anamnesis es importante la cinemática del trauma y la superficie de impacto. El examen físico debe ser evolutivo y en la evaluación inicial debe identificarse el riesgo vital. En el diagnóstico por imágenes se considera esencial la tomografía contrastada la que en nuestro centro se reserva para casos con dudas diagnósticas y de evolución no satisfactoria, la ecografía tiene gran utilidad. Se prioriza el tratamiento no quirúrgico en el trauma cerrado con ruptura de víscera maciza, siempre que exista estabilidad hemodinámica. Actualmente la cirugía de control de daños ha demostrado mejorar la sobrevida en pacientes con lesiones abdominales complejas y exanguinantes.

ABSTRACT Abdominal trauma in pediatric age is considered the second leading cause of death after traumatic brain injury. It requires for its diagnosis a high index of suspicion and its vital risk is conditioned by hemorrhage and peritonitis. With the purpose of standardizing in a guide the behavior in Cuba of pediatric abdominal trauma, a bibliographic review is carried out on the subject and the study of different casuistries of "Juan Manuel Márquez" Pediatric Hospital, which functions in turn as a provincial center of children's polytrauma of Havana; the guide is approved by consensus in the Cuban Society of Pediatric Surgery. The most frequent causes of abdominal trauma are: in the older children, traffic accidents and in the younger children falls from heights. In the anamnesis, the kinematics of the trauma and the impact surface are important. The physical examination should be evolutionary and the initial assessment should identify the life risk. In the diagnosis by images is considered essential the contrasted tomography which in our center is reserved for cases with diagnostic doubts and unsatisfactory evolution; ultrasound is very useful. Non-surgical treatment is prioritized in closed trauma with solid viscera rupture, provided that hemodynamic stability exists. Currently, damage control surgery has been shown to improve survival in patients with complex and exanguinating abdominal injuries.

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Resumen El bazo es el órgano que se lesiona con más frecuencia en el trauma abdominal cerrado, presentándose en 30 a 50% de los casos, principalmente por su fragilidad y localización, su tratamiento ha estado en constante cambio a lo largo del tiempo, siendo hoy en día más utilizado el manejo conservador por sobre el intervencionista, considerando sobre todo el mayor riesgo de mortalidad y las condiciones fisiológicas posteriores a la esplenectomía principalmente en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión actual del diagnóstico, clasificación y tratamiento del trauma esplénico. Metodología . Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica incluyendo los descriptores relacionados con trauma esplénico y su tratamiento. Resultados. La identificación del trauma esplénico es de vital importancia para la supervivencia del paciente, el diagnostico se puede realizar mediante estudios de imagen eco-FAST o tomografía en dependencia del estado hemodinámico del paciente, la clasificación depende de las características anatómicas de las lesiones y orienta el tratamiento adecuado. Conclusiones. Actualmente el tratamiento conservador está recomendado para lesiones I-III; los estadios mayores (IV y V) o cualquier grado siempre y cuando exista compromiso hemodinámico implican tratamiento intervencionista o quirúrgico, no existe una diferencia significativa entre la utilización de técnica abierta vs laparoscópica.

Abstract The spleen is the organ that is most frequently injured in blunt abdominal trauma, occurring in 30 to 50% of cases, mainly due to its fragility and location, its treatment has been in constant change over time, today the conservative management is more widely used than interventionist, considering above all the greater risk of mortality and the physiological conditions after splenectomy, mainly in children and adolescents. Objective . To carry out a current review of the diagnosis, classification and treatment of splenic trauma. Methodology . A bibliographic review was carried out including the descriptors related to splenic trauma and its treatment. Results .The identification of splenic trauma is of vital importance for the survival of the patient, the diagnosis can be made by imaging studies, FAST ultrasound or tomography depending on the hemodynamic status of the patient, the classification depends on the anatomical characteristics of the lesions and guides the appropriate treatment. Conclusions . Conservative treatment is currently recommended for lesions I-III; the major stages (IV and V) or any grade whit hemodynamic compromise imply interventional or surgical treatment, there is no significant difference between the use of open versus laparoscopic technique.

Resumo O baço é o órgão mais frequentemente lesado no trauma abdominal fechado, ocorrendo em 30 a 50% dos casos, principalmente devido à sua fragilidade e localização, seu tratamento tem mudado constantemente ao longo do tempo, sendo hoje o manejo conservador mais utilizado que o intervencionista, considerando sobretudo o maior risco de mortalidade e as condições fisiológicas após a esplenectomia, principalmente em crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo . Fazer uma revisão atual do diagnóstico, classificação e tratamento do trauma esplênico. Metodologia . Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica incluindo os descritores relacionados ao trauma esplênico e seu tratamento. Resultados . A identificação do trauma esplênico é de vital importância para a sobrevida do paciente, o diagnóstico pode ser feito por exames de imagem echo-FAST ou tomografia dependendo do estado hemodinâmico do paciente, a classificação depende das características anatômicas das lesões e orienta o tratamento adequado. Conclusões . O tratamento conservador é atualmente recomendado para lesões I-III; os estágios principais (IV e V) ou em qualquer grau, desde que haja comprometimento hemodinâmico, implicam em tratamento intervencionista ou cirúrgico, não havendo diferença significativa entre o uso da técnica aberta e laparoscópica.

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RESUMEN Introducción: el diafragma es un tabique que separa el tórax del abdomen y su función fisiológica es ayudar a la mecánica de la ventilación. La ruptura diafragmática traumática es una entidad de difícil diagnóstico inicial, por la baja sospecha clínica, lo que lleva a complicaciones como la estrangulación, que tiene una elevada morbimortalidad. Las lesiones traumáticas del diafragma son poco frecuentes, la incidencia global por mecanismo penetrante y cerrado es del 1 % al 6 %. Presentación de caso: paciente masculino de 20 años de edad con antecedentes de salud aparente, acude al servicio de urgencia a las 2 horas luego de haber sufrido accidente laboral al desprenderse un banco de arena sobre él, refiriendo dificultad para respirar y dolor torácico en hemitorax izquierdo, los estudios de imágenes practicados mostraron presencia de cámara gástrica y colon en hemitorax izquierdo, es intervenido quirúrgicamente con impresión diagnostica de ruptura diafragmática secundaria a traumatismo cerrado de abdomen. Durante el transoperatorio se comprobó la misma (laceración lineal que involucra todo hemidiafragma izquierdo) con herniación del estómago, bazo, colon transverso y parte de intestino delgado en cavidad torácica. Se realizó frenorrafia y pleurostomia baja izquierda. No otras alteraciones intraabdominales. Discusión: la rotura traumática del diafragma es una lesión infrecuente que ocurre como consecuencia de traumatismos cerrados y penetrantes del abdomen o del tórax. Su diagnóstico precoz continúa siendo un desafío y se asocia con una elevada morbimortalidad. El diagnóstico preoperatorio es difícil y sólo un alto nivel de sospecha, un examen minucioso de las técnicas de imagen y la intervención quirúrgica inmediata, son determinantes para el éxito en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Conclusiones: nuestro paciente no presentó complicaciones mayores en el perioperatorio, a las 24 horas estaba con dieta y deambulando se retiró la sonda pleural a las 72 horas y ha tenido una evolución favorable libre de síntomas, siendo dado de alta a los 10 días.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the diaphragm is a septum that separates the thorax from the abdomen and its physiological function is to help the mechanics of ventilation. Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is an entity of difficult initial diagnosis, due to low clinical suspicion, which leads to complications such as strangulation, which has high morbidity and mortality. Traumatic injuries to the diaphragm are rare, the overall incidence due to penetrating and closed mechanism is 1% to 6%. Case presentation: 20-year-old male patient with apparent health history, attended the emergency service 2 hours after having suffered an occupational accident when a sandbar fell off him, reporting difficulty breathing and chest pain in hemithorax On the left, the imaging studies performed showed the presence of a gastric chamber and colon in the left hemithorax, he was operated on with a diagnostic impression of a diaphragmatic rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. During the intraoperative it was verified (linear laceration involving the entire left hemidiaphragm) with herniation of the stomach, spleen, transverse colon and part of the small intestine in the thoracic cavity. Left low pleurostomy and frenorrhaphy were performed. No other intra-abdominal alterations. Discussion: traumatic diaphragm rupture is an infrequent injury that occurs as a consequence of blunt and penetrating trauma to the abdomen or chest. Early diagnosis of it continues to be a challenge and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and only a high level of suspicion, a thorough examination of imaging techniques, and immediate surgical intervention are decisive for the success of treating these patients. Conclusions: our patient did not present major complications in the perioperative period, at 24 hours he was on a diet and wandering, the pleural tube was removed at 72 hours and has had a favorable symptom-free evolution, being discharged at 10 days.

RESUMO Introdução: o diafragma é um septo que separa o tórax do abdome e sua função fisiológica é auxiliar na mecânica da ventilação. A ruptura diafragmática traumática é uma entidade de difícil diagnóstico inicial, devido à baixa suspeita clínica, o que leva a complicações como o estrangulamento, que apresenta elevada morbimortalidade. Lesões traumáticas do diafragma são raras, a incidência geral devido ao mecanismo penetrante e fechado é de 1% a 6%. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 20 anos, com história aparente de saúde, compareceu ao pronto-socorro 2 horas após ter sofrido acidente de trabalho com queda de banco de areia, relatando dificuldade respiratória e dor torácica em hemitórax À esquerda, exames de imagem realizados mostrou a presença de câmara gástrica e cólon em hemitórax esquerdo, foi operado com impressão diagnóstica de ruptura diafragmática secundária a trauma abdominal fechado. No intraoperatório, constatou-se (laceração linear envolvendo todo o hemidiafragma esquerdo) com herniação do estômago, baço, cólon transverso e parte do intestino delgado na cavidade torácica. Realizada pleurostomia baixa esquerda e frenorrafia. Sem outras alterações intra-abdominais. Discussão: a ruptura traumática do diafragma é uma lesão infrequente que ocorre como consequência de trauma contuso e penetrante no abdome ou no tórax. Seu diagnóstico precoce continua sendo um desafio e está associado a elevada morbimortalidade. O diagnóstico pré-operatório é difícil e apenas um alto nível de suspeita, um exame cuidadoso das técnicas de imagem e a intervenção cirúrgica imediata são decisivos para o sucesso do tratamento desses pacientes. Conclusões: nosso paciente não apresentou complicações maiores no período perioperatório, às 24 horas fazia dieta e vagueava, a tuba pleural foi retirada às 72 horas e teve evolução favorável sem sintomas, tendo alta hospitalar aos 10 dias.

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This study sought to retrospectively assess the relationship between intra and extra-abdominal injuries in polytrauma patients undergoing laparotomy at the Regional University Hospital of Maringá between 2017 and 2018.This study was based on 111 electronic medical records from the Brazilian public health system "SUS", admitted to the hospital due to trauma and undergoing laparotomy, comparing two groups: abdominal injury without extra-abdominal injury (WoEI) and abdominal injury with extra-abdominal injury (WiEI).A total of 111 medical records were analyzed, 57 from 2017 and 54 from 2018. Of these 111records, 43 (39%) were trauma victims with only abdominal injuries and 68 (61%) trauma victims with abdominal and extra-abdominalinjuries. Most patients were male (85%), with an average age of 33 years, ranging from 14 to 87 years. In statistical analysis, according to the T-test, there was significance (p > 0.05) between the WoEI and WiEI groups for data collected regarding death rates and hospitalization days. As for the morbidity rate and difference between genders (male and female), there was no statistical significance (p < 0.05).Polytraumapatients are exposed to greater kinetic energy, with more severe conditions and therefore required more in-hospital care.

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La infección del sitio quirúrgico es uno de los tipos más frecuentes de infección asociada al cuidado de la salud, tiene un impacto en el estado físico y mental de los pacientes, aumentando el riesgo de mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugías electivas y de emergencia, y su distribución según la patología. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional en el cual se incluyeron pacientes del servicio de Cirugía General I del Hospital Miguel Pérez Carreño, entre enero de 2019 y julio de 2021, a quienes se les realizó un procedimiento quirúrgico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1341 pacientes. La incidencia global de infección de sitio quirúrgico fue de 9,77%, la mayoría de las infecciones fueron en cirugías de emergencia con una incidencia de 10,7% y de 4,17% en cirugías electivas. Las patologías con mayor porcentaje de infección fueron el trauma abdominal, seguido de la obstrucción intestinal. La incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico en patología apendicular fue de 10,4%. El microorganismo aislado con mayor frecuencia en los cultivos realizados fue E. coli. Conclusiones: La infección del sitio quirúrgico es una complicación frecuente en la cirugía de emergencia y requiere ser considerada y prevenida en el trauma abdominal, las obstrucciones intestinales y las peritonitis apendiculares. Conocer la incidencia de está complicación y comparar con estudios internacionales es fundamental para establecer protocolos propios para su control y prevención(AU)

Surgical site infection is one of the most frequently reported types of healthcare-associated infections, it has a negative impact on patients physical and mental health and increase the risk of mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of surgical site infection in elective and emergency surgeries, and its distribution according to the pathology. Methods: Retrospective and observational study, in which patients from the General Surgery Service I of the Hospital Miguel Pérez Carreño were included, between January 2019 and July 2021, who went under a surgical procedure. Results: In total 1341 patients were included. The overall incidence of surgical site infection was 9.77%, most of the infections were in emergency surgery with an incidence of 10.7% and 4.17% in elective surgeries. The pathologies with the highest percentage of infection were abdominal trauma followed by bowel obstruction. The incidence of surgical site infection in appendicular pathology was 10.4%. The most frequently isolated pathogens in the cultures performed was E. coli. Conclusions: Surgical site infection is a frequent complication in emergency surgery and needs to be considered and prevented in abdominal trauma, bowel obstructions, and complicated appendicitis. Knowledge of the incidence of this complication and comparing it with international studies is essential to establish own protocols for its control and prevention(AU)

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O trauma é a 5ª. causa de morte no mundo e, na população com menos de 40 anos, é a maior causa de óbitos. O abdome é região frequentemente lesada e requer tratamento cirúrgico com frequência. Em se tratando de trauma contuso, exames de imagem oferecem diagnóstico mais acurado conduzindo tratamento mais adequado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação dos achados tomográficos, do exame físico e a prevalência das lesões. Foram selecionados 39 politraumatizados e vítimas de trauma abdominal contuso, através de um estudo prospectivo. Foram comparados exame físico e o achado tomográfico. Em conclusão, mostrou-se que a avaliação clínica isoladamente pode fazer com que lesões passem desapercebidas; a tomografia computadorizada teve boa sensibilidade e especificidade devendo ser realizada para diagnosticar e melhor guiar a terapêutica.

Trauma is the 5th cause of death in the world and, in the population under 40 years old, it is the biggest cause of death. The abdomen is a frequently injured region and often requires surgical treatment. In the case of blunt trauma, imaging tests offer a more accurate diagnosis leading to more appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between tomographic and physical examination findings and the prevalence of lesions. Thirty-nine polytraumatized and victims of blunt abdominal trauma were selected through a prospective study. Physical examination and tomographic findings were compared. In conclusion, it has been shown that clinical assessment alone can make lesions go unnoticed; computed tomography had good sensitivity and specificity and should be performed to diagnose and better guide therapy.

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BACKGROUND: The open abdomen is a surgical technique used in the treatment of patients with abdominal sepsis, abdominal trauma and abdominal hypertension syndrome. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a new surgical technique designed for the management and closure of the abdominal wall in patients with open abdomen. METHOD: Study of all patients treated with open abdomen in our Hospital over a five-year period. RESULTS: It were included 24 patients, 18 men and 6 women. The average age was 41.5 ± 15.9 years. Operative diagnosis was abdominal compartment syndrome in 7 (29%) cases, abdominal sepsis in 9 (38%), and abdominal trauma in 8 (33%). The median of APACHE II score was 8 points (range: 5-21) while the assessment of SIRS score had a median of 2 points (range: 1-4). The median of surgical procedures performed in operating room was two per patient. The median of fascial surgical closures performed in the patient bed was four. A successful closure of the abdominal wall was performed in 21 of 22 live patients (95%). CONCLUSIONS: The sequential closure of the abdominal wall is an effective technique that offers an alternative to the management of the open abdomen.

ANTECEDENTES: El abdomen abierto es un método quirúrgico utilizado en el tratamiento de pacientes con sepsis abdominal, en trauma abdominal en casos de cirugía de control de daños y en casos de síndrome de hipertensión abdominal. OBJETIVO: Demostrar la efectividad de una nueva técnica quirúrgica en pacientes con abdomen abierto. MÉTODO: Estudio de todos los pacientes manejados con abdomen abierto en nuestro hospital en un periodo de 5 años. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 24 pacientes, 18 hombres y 6 mujeres, con una edad promedio de 41.5 ± 15.9 años. El diagnóstico operatorio fue síndrome compartimental abdominal en 7 (29%) casos, sepsis abdominal en 9 (38%) y trauma abdominal en 8 (33%). La puntuación APACHE II tuvo una mediana de 8 (rango: 5-21) y el SIRS una mediana de 2 (rango: 1-4). La mediana de ingresos a quirófano por paciente fue de dos. La mediana de las aproximaciones aponeuróticas fuera de quirófano fue de cuatro. Se realizó un cierre definitivo de la pared abdominal en 21 de 22 pacientes vivos, considerando cierre exitoso en el 95%. CONCLUSIONES: El cierre secuencial es una técnica efectiva que ofrece una alternativa en pacientes que requieren manejo con abdomen abierto.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Los accidentes en bicicleta son una causa frecuente de trauma abdominal contuso en pediatría. En Chile no existen publicaciones científicas que traten sobre las lesiones abdominales por manubrio de bicicleta, su presentación y manejo. OBJETIVO: Describir tres casos clínicos de trauma abdominal contuso provocados por manubrio de bicicleta en niños, ilustrar las distintas lesiones observadas, sus formas de presentación y manejo. CASOS CLÍNICOS: 1) Paciente masculino, 11 años, consulta tras golpe con manubrio de bicicleta en epigastrio; en la Tomografía Computada (TC) de abdomen y pelvis se describió neumoretroperitoneo. Se realizó laparotomía exploradora, reparándose una perforación duodenal. 2) Paciente masculino, 14 años, consulta tras golpe en el hipocondrio izquierdo con el manubrio de la bicicleta; en la TC se evidenció fractura esplénica con múltiples laceraciones. Por la presencia de sangrado activo se trató con angioembolización, lográndose resolución de la lesión y viabilidad del órgano luego de 6 semanas de seguimiento. 3) Paciente masculino, 9 años, ingresó tras sufrir golpe con manubrio de bicicleta en el hipocondrio derecho. En TC se observó una laceración hepática, que fue manejada de forma expectante, con resolución de la lesión luego de 8 semanas de seguimiento. Todos los pacientes tuvieron una evolución favorable. CONCLUSIÓN: El trauma abdominal contuso por golpe con manubrio de bicicleta puede ser potencialmente grave en pacientes pediátricos, pudiendo afectar órganos sólidos y vísceras huecas. El manejo no quirúrgico cada vez es más utilizado, logrando altas tasas de éxito en pacientes estables. Los pacientes inestables o en los que se sospeche perforación de víscera hueca, requerirán cirugía como primera aproximación.

INTRODUCTION: Bicycle accidents are a frequent cause of blunt abdominal trauma in children. In Chile, there are no scientific articles about such accidents, their presentation and management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe three cases of blunt abdominal trauma due to handlebar injury in children, in order to illustrate the different kinds of lesions, their presentation, and management. CLINICAL CASES: 1) 11-year-old boy presented to Emergency Department (ED) after falling on a bi cycle handlebar, hitting his epigastric region. A CT scan showed signs of duodenal perforation. A la parotomy was performed and the duodenal perforation repaired. 2) 14-year-old boy seen at ED after a bicycle accident in which the handlebar hit him in the abdomen area. A CT scan showed a splenic injury with multiple lacerations and active bleeding that was treated with angioembolization. After 6 weeks of follow-up, he presented resolution of the lesion and viability of the spleen. 3) 9-year-old boy admitted due to a hit with the bicycle handlebar on the abdomen area. A CT scan showed a he patic injury that was managed with non-surgical procedures, achieving resolution of the lesion after 8 weeks of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Blunt abdominal trauma caused by handlebar can be potentially serious in pediatric patients, since it may affect solid and hollow abdominal viscera. Non-surgical ma nagement is becoming more used for stable patients, achieving high success rates. Unstable patients or those with suspicion of hollow viscera perforation will require surgery as first approach.

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We report the case of an 86-year-old adult man who, as a pedestrian, is hit by a motorcycle, suffering polytrauma; in initial care, he refers to thoraco-abdominal pain and subsequently neurological deterioration. Assessed by a neurosurgeon and general surgeon, a right chest tube is placed and a laparoscopy is performed where there is little bleeding from the abdominal cavity. It shows deterioration of its general state and dies in respiratory failure. During the necropsy procedure there is subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral herniation, rib fractures and pneumonic consolidation, a massive retroperitoneal hematoma is observed due to rupture of simple renal cyst.

Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 86 años que, siendo peatón, es atropellado por una motocicleta, sufriendo politraumatismo. En la atención inicial refiere a dolor toracoabdominal y posteriormente deterioro neurológico. Evaluado por un neurocirujano y un cirujano general, se coloca un tubo torácico derecho y se realiza una laparoscopia y observándose poco sangrado de la cavidad abdominal. El paciente muestra deterioro de su estado general y muere por insuficiencia respiratoria. Durante el procedimiento de necropsia se determina hemorragia subaracnoidea y hernia cerebral, fracturas costales y consolidación neumónica, se observa un hematoma retroperitoneal masivo por rotura de quiste renal simple.

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OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical condition, the type of therapeutic approach and outcome of patients with severe renal trauma (AAST: 4 and 5) treated in a tertiary hospital. Cali, Colombia. METHODS: A descriptive observational study was conducted with patients older than 15 years treated between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2019, with a diagnosis of renal trauma and renal vessel trauma. Demographic, clinical and trauma severity variables were collected. A univariate analysis was carried out with frequency tables, measures of central tendency, depending on type of intervention, associated lesions, use of blood products and severity indices. RESULTS: 71 medical records were analyzed, 82% male, the average age was 25 years (range: 15-55). Regarding renal traumatic grade, 69% of the patients were grade IV and 31% grade V. Penetrating injuries were seen in 87% versus 13% of injuries due to blunt (non-penetrating) mechanism. 54% of the patients weres cored with a trauma severity index >= 25 and 51% of the patients had an abdominal trauma index <= 24. Surgical management was managed in 67% vs. 32% for non-trauma management surgical. The hospital stay was 17 days on average and 16.9% had complications. CONCLUSIONS: Severe renal trauma is a frequent clinical condition in male patients between the second and third decade of life, in our environment the majority corresponds to penetrating traumas. Most cases were managed with some surgical procedure, however, with asignificant percentage of conservative management with complication rates of less than 30%, which changes the paradigm of treatment of high-grade renal trauma.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la condición clínica, el tipo de abordaje terapéutico y desenlaces de pacientes con trauma renal de alto grado (AAST: 4 y 5) atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel. Cali, Colombia.MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con pacientes mayores de 15 años atendidos entre el 1 de enero de 2015 y el 1 enero de 2019, con diagnóstico de traumatismo renal y traumatismo de vasos renales. Se recolectaron variables demográficas, clínicas y de severidad del trauma. Se realizó un análisis univariado con tablas de frecuencia, medidas de tendencia central, dependiendo de tipo de intervención, lesiones asociadas, uso de hemoderivados e índices de severidad. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 71 historias clínicas, 82% de sexo masculino, el promedio de edad fue 25 años (rango: 15-55). Respecto al grado trauma renal, el 69%de los pacientes fueron grado IV y el 31% grado V. Las lesiones penetrantes se vieron en un 87% vs 13% delesiones por mecanismo contuso (no penetrante). El 54% de los pacientes fueron puntuados con un Índice de Severidadde Trauma >= 25 y el 51% de los pacientes presentó un Índice de Trauma Abdominal <= 24. Se observó manejo quirúrgico en 67% vs 32% para manejo no quirúrgico. El tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue de 17 días en promedio y el 16,9% tuvo complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: El traumatismo renal de alto grado es una condición clínica frecuente en pacientes masculinos entre la segunda y tercera década de vida, en nuestro medio la mayoría corresponden a traumas penetrantes. La mayoría de casos fueron manejados con algún procedimiento quirúrgico, sin embargo, con un importante porcentaje de manejo conservador con tasas de complicaciones menores del 30 %, que cambia el paradigma del tratamiento del trauma renal de alto grado.

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Resumen Introducción La lesión de la vesícula biliar secundaria a trauma abdominal cerrado constituye un evento infrecuente de perforación traumática de ella, de presentación tardía. Objetivo Revisar la literatura científica actualmente disponible y además describimos un caso. Materiales y Método Utilizando la plataforma PubMed se buscan las siguientes palabras clave: " Blunt abdominal trauma ". Se seleccionan las series con lesiones de la vesícula biliar: " Traumatic gallbladder rupture". Se seleccionan los reportes de lesiones aisladas de la vesícula biliar: " Isolated gallbladder rupture ". Se seleccionan los reportes de presentación tardía de lesiones aisladas de la vesícula biliar: " Delayed presentation of isolated gallbladder rupture ". Resultados De todas estas publicaciones se seleccionan las que a criterio de los autores son relevantes para el presente caso. Discusión La mayoría de las perforaciones de la vesícula biliar se producen en vesículas sanas de paredes delgadas distendidas por el ayuno o el consumo de alcohol. No existe una presentación clínica clásica. Los estudios imagenológicos son inespecíficos y se llega al diagnóstico definitivo durante la exploración quirúrgica. El tratamiento de esta lesión es la colecistectomía. Conclusiones El diagnóstico no es fácil, pero la resolución es relativamente simple y el pronóstico es bueno. El presente caso ilustra este tipo de lesiones en pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado.

Introduction Gallbladder injury secondary to blunt abdominal trauma is a rare event. Aim Review the current available scientific literature and describe a case. Materials and Method Using the PubMed platform, the following keywords were searched: "Blunt abdominal trauma". Series with gallbladder lesions were selected: "Traumatic gallbladder rupture". Reports of isolated lesions of the gallbladder were selected: "Isolated gallbladder rupture". Reports of late presentation of isolated lesions of the gallbladder were selected: "Delayed presentation of isolated gallbladder rupture". Of all these publications, those that were relevant to the present case were selected according to the criteria of the authors. Case report A 20 years-old male patient suffered an abdominal trauma two weeks before presentation at our Institution. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy showing bilious content and a gallbladder perforation over the peritoneal wall as an isolated injury. Discussion Most isolated gallbladder perforations occur in healthy gallbladders with thin walls and distended because fasting or alcohol consumption. There are no classical clinical features to diagnose this specific injury and radiologic studies are nonspecific. Definitive diagnosis is often reached during surgery as it was with our patient. Recommended treatment is cholecystectomy. Conclusions This case illustrates this unique kind of gallbladder injury in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. A clear diagnosis is not easy however, the treatment is simple and prognosis is good.

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