RESUMO
Consumers are increasingly looking for healthy foods without the addition of synthetic additives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of coffee extracts as a natural antioxidant in fresh pork sausage. Firstly, the conditions for obtaining coffee green extracts were optimized (Central Composite Rotatable Design 23, variables: extraction time, ethanol-water ratio, and sample-solvent ratio) in an ultrasound bath (70 °C). The response variables were the bioactive compounds levels and antioxidant activity. Valid models were obtained (p ≤ 0.05, R2 > 0.751), with higher bioactive content and antioxidant activity in the central point region. Extracts of Robusta and Arabica coffee green (RG and AG) and medium roast (RR and AR) obtained, and central point (10 min, an ethanol concentration of 30%, and a sample-solvent ratio of 10 g/100 mL) and optimized (14.2 min, 34.2%, and 5.8 g/100 mL) parameters were characterized. The RG presented a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher content of caffeine (3114.8 ± 50.0 and 3148.1 ± 13.5 mg/100 g) and 5-CQA (6417.1 ± 22.0 and 6706.4 ± 23.5 mg/100 g) in both extraction conditions, respectively. The RG and RR coffee presented the highest antioxidant activity. Two concentrations of RG and RR coffee extracts were tested in fresh pork sausage. The Robusta coffee extract presented the highest antioxidant activity in both roasted and green states. However, when applied to a meat product, the extract prepared with RG coffee showed better results, with efficiency in replacing synthetic antioxidants (content of malonaldehyde/kg of sample below 0.696 ± 0.059 in 20 days of storage), without altering the sensory attributes of the product (average scores above 7.16 ± 1.43 for all attributes evaluated). Therefore, the RG coffee extract was a suitable alternative as a natural antioxidant applied to fresh pork sausage.
RESUMO
Unconventional parts of vegetables represent a rich source of health-promoting phytochemicals. The phenolic profile of cabbage-stalk flour (CSF), pineapple-crown flour (PCF), and their essential oils were characterized via UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MSE and GC-FID/MS. Antimicrobial activity was tested against five strains, and antioxidant activities were determined in free and bound extracts. Globally, 177 phenolics were tentatively identified in PCF (major p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) and 56 in CSF (major chlorogenicacid, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, and p-coumaric acid). PCF exhibited a distinguished profile (lignans, stilbenes) and antioxidant capacity, especially in bound extracts (1.3 g GAE.100 g-1; 0.6 g catechin eq.100 g-1; DPPH: 244.7; ABTS: 467.8; FRAP: 762.6 µg TE.g-1, ORAC: 40.9 mg TE.g-1). The main classes of volatile compounds were fatty acids, their esters, and terpenes in CSF (30) and PCF (41). A comprehensive metabolomic approach revealed CSF and PCF as a promising source of PC, showing great antioxidant and discrete antimicrobial activities.
Assuntos
Ananas/química , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Brassica/química , Farinha/análise , Fenóis/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/química , Ananas/metabolismo , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Brassica/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Análise Discriminante , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Óleos Voláteis/química , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Análise de Componente Principal , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is a major worldwide cause of death by cancer, it shows high aggressiveness, functional decline, systemic compromise and severe cachexia, which might be counteracted by dietary redox-active phytochemicals. Therefore, our aim was to establish the anticancer effects of the oral intake of quercetin and 5 caffeoylquinic acid. METHODS: LAC-1-bearing male Balb/c mice received quercetin (0-25 µg/kg/d) and 5 caffeoylquinic acid (0-120 µg/kg/d) for three weeks, with different organic and biochemical variables being then compared with ANOVA and the Fisher Test (p <0.05). RESULTS: Quercetin delayed 1.18 fold tumour appearance and increased 8.87 fold non-neoplastic body weight gain, whereas 5 caffeoylquinic acid did it in a lesser extent (1.17 and 2.48 fold, respectively), with tumour weight being consequent with the evolution time. Quercetin induced >1.15 fold tumour hydroperoxides and lipoperoxides, whereas 5 caffeoylquinic acid induced only lipoperoxides. Although both phytochemicals reduced <0.85 fold hydroperoxides and lipoperoxides in the kidney, only quercetin was also antioxidant in the liver. Additionally, 5 caffeoylquinic acid increased >1.15 fold hepatic and renal weights. Although these phytochemicals did not modify telencephalic interleukin 6 production, quercetin augmented 2.51 fold interleukin 6 in the diencephalon, whereas 5 caffeoylquinic acid decreased it 0.43 fold. CONCLUSIONS: Quercetin delayed lung adenocarcinoma appearance and increased the non-neoplastic body weight gain in mice with tumour oxidative stress, without brain interleukin 6 participation. 5 caffeoylquinic acid showed similar effects, although they were weaker. Additionally, quercetin acted as a hepatic and renal antioxidant, whereas 5 caffeoylquinic acid only exerted this effect in the kidney. Therefore, safe oral doses of this flavonoid are promissory to modulate lung cancer progression, with further studies being encouraged.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Quercetina/administração & dosagem , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Caquexia/tratamento farmacológico , Caquexia/metabolismo , Caquexia/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Interleucina-6/sangue , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quercetina/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Quínico/farmacologiaRESUMO
Sweet potato is one of the oldest crops cultivated in Mexico, and Mesoamerica is considered as a region with the greatest diversity of this species. Therefore, the present study focused on the evaluation of biologically active compounds, such as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoid compounds, in sweet potato leaves of 200 accessions of the main producing regions of Mexico. The analysis of total phenol content (TPC) showed a great variability of concentrations among the examined accessions (54.41 to 284.64 mgTPC/g DW). Likewise, total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined and ranged from 10.01 to 40.17 mgTFC /g DW. Finally, total anthocyanin content (TAC) was evaluated and concentrations obtained varied from 0.05 to 0.98 mgTAC/g DW. Additionally, HPLC analysis of all 200 accessions demonstrated the presence of caffeic acid (CA), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), three isomers of di-caffeoylquinic acid (di-CCA) and 4-feruloyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid (4F-5CQA) in all test samples. Only 21 accessions tested showed the quantitative amount of 3,4,5-tri-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-tri-CQA) with concentrations ranging from 44.73 to 193.22 mg/100 g DW and high content of 4F-5CQA (139.46 to 419.99 mg/100 g DW). The gathered data indicate that leaves of Mexican sweet potatoes are a promising source of phenolic compounds with remarkable nutraceutical potential.
Assuntos
Ipomoea batatas , Antocianinas , Flavonoides , México , Fenóis , Folhas de Planta , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
In the present study we aimed at investigating, for the first time, phenolic compounds in Brazilian beers of different types and styles. We also aimed at applying chemometrics for modeling beer's antioxidant capacity as a function of their physicochemical attributes (density, refractive index, bitterness and ethanol content). Samples (n=29) were analyzed by PCA originating five groups, especially according to ethanol contents and bitterness. In general, Group V (alcoholic beers with very high bitterness) presented higher refractive index, bitterness, ethanol and phenolics contents than Groups I (non-alcoholic beers) and II (alcoholic beers with low bitterness). Brazilian beers phenolics profile was distinct from that of European beers, with high contents of gallic acid (0.5-14.7 mg/L) and low contents of ferulic acid (0.2-1.8 mg/L). Using PLS, beer's antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP assay could be predicted with acceptable precision by data of ethanol content and density, bitterness and refractive index values.