RESUMO
La obra teórica de Sigmund Freud contiene múltiples referencias al tópico de la herencia arcaica y la filogenia. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar ese aspecto de su obra, con el cometido de señalar las limitaciones de las interpretaciones más frecuentes, que tienden a ver allí un impacto del darwinismo en Freud o de simplemente negar su relevancia. Intentaremos mostrar que el recurso a la filogenia respondió enteramente a un interrogante clínico por la etiología de las neurosis.
O trabalho teórico de Sigmund Freud contém várias referências ao tema da herança arcaica, ou filogenia. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar esse aspecto de sua obra, com a tarefa de apontar as limitações das interpretações mais comuns, que tendem a ver um impacto do Darwinismo em Freud ou simplesmente negar sua relevância. Procuramos demonstrar que o uso da filogenia respondeu inteiramente a uma pergunta clínica sobre a etiologia da neurose.
The theoretical work of Sigmund Freud contains multiple references to the topic of archaic inheritance and phylogeny. The aim of this paper is to analyze this aspect of his work, in order to point out the limitations of its most frequent interpretations, which tend to perceive the impact of Darwinism on Freud, or simply deny its relevance. We intend to prove that using phylogeny responded entirely to a clinical question regarding the etiology of neuroses.
Le travail théorique de Sigmund Freud contient plusieurs références au sujet de l'héritage archaïque ou de la phylogénie. Le but de cet article est d'analyser cet aspect de son travail, soit de souligner les limites des interprétations les plus courantes qui ont tendance à voir un impact du darwinisme chez Freud ou tout simplement à nier sa pertinence. Nous essayons ainsi de démontrer que l'utilisation de la phylogénie répondait parfaitement à la question clinique sur l'étiologie de la névrose.
Die theoretische Arbeit Sigmund Freuds enthält mehrere Verweise auf das Thema der archaischen Erbschaft, welche auch Phylogenie genannt wird. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, diesen Aspekt seiner Arbeit zu analysieren und die Grenzen der häufigsten Interpretationen aufzuzeigen, welche dazu neigen, den Einfluss des Darwinismus auf Freud zu sehen, oder einfach seine Relevanz zu leugnen. Wir versuchen aufzuzeigen, dass die Einbeziehung der Phylogenie die klinische Frage der Ätiologie der Neurose gänzlich löste.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare affliction characterized by a wide diversity in its clinical expression and etiologies. Data from black populations concerning CVT are limited. We examined the clinical, radiological, and etiological aspects as well as the outcome of CVT in Guadeloupe, a French Overseas Department in the Caribbean. METHODS: All patients hospitalized between 2000 and 2011 at the University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre and diagnosed with CVT were retrospectively studied. Forty-five patients, each having had a medical imaging confirming the diagnostic, were retained. RESULTS: The frequency of CVT in Guadeloupe was estimated at 15 to 20 per 100,0000 per year in our survey. Our patients were largely composed of young women (73.3%). The average patient age was 40 years (14 to 80), with an incidence peak for women in the 20 to 50 years age range. The onset was sub-acute in 69% of cases, where headaches represented 93% of initial symptoms. Thrombosis of the SLS (60%), and of the lateral sinuses (64.4%) were the most frequently encountered. We observed a majority of mild clinical forms with a good functional prognosis. The main etiological factors were oral estro-progestative contraception (40%), and a positive thrombophilia test (33.3%). The thrombophilia factors in Guadeloupe differed from those in Caucasian populations, with a higher frequency of protein S deficit. CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiological characters are similar to those described in classical studies. Our study suggests a higher incidence of CVT in Guadeloupe, compared to results from Western countries. Further investigation is necessary to better characterize the thrombo-embolic venous risk factors in the black population. Protein S deficit appears to be the most frequent cause of thrombophilia in our population.
Assuntos
Trombose Intracraniana/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , Feminino , Guadalupe/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Este trabalho tem como objetivo apreender a nuance do conceito de puberdade ao longo da obra freudiana. Buscamos compreender como Freud, tendo por base a interface entre "determinismo do período da infância" e "contingência adolescente", articula a puberdade com o momento de irrupção da neurose. Problematizaremos a relevância do "período de latência" e do pressuposto de uma sexualidade "em dois tempos" na compreensão da puberdade e de suas possibilidades no âmbito da constituição do sujeito. Utilizaremos como recurso metodológico a retomada dos principais casos clínicos de Freud, dentre eles, Dora, Homem dos Lobos e a Jovem homossexual, buscando apreender a relevância do momento da irrupção da puberdade, suas possibilidades, seus percalços na causação/manifestação da neurose. Percebemos que Freud, mesmo não tomando a questão como foco de sua pesquisa, passa por ela ao longo de sua obra, permitindo-nos inferir e discutir suas concepções acerca do tema.(AU)
This work aims to outline the nuance of the concept of puberty throughout Sigmund Freud's studies. We intend to understand how Freud, based on the interface between 'determinism of childhood period' and 'teenagers contingency', articulates puberty in relation to the irruption of neurosis. We deal with the relevance of the 'latency period' and also with the assumption of sexuality 'in two stages', according to the understanding about puberty and its possibilities for the constitution of the subject. We use as a methodological resource some of the main clinical cases analyzed by Freud such as Dora, The Wolf Man and The Young Homosexual Woman. In this way, our purpose is to stablish the discussion on the relevance of the irruption of puberty, its possibilities and obstacles in the causation/manifestation of any neurosis. We realized that Freud, while not taking this issue as the focus of his research, explores it throughout his studies, allowing us to infer and discuss his point of views about this theme.(AU)
Ce travail vise à décrire la nuance du concept de la puberté à travers les études de Sigmund Freud. Nous avons l'intention de comprendre comment Freud, basé sur l'interface entre le "déterminisme de la période de l'enfance" et la "contingence adolescent", articule la puberté par rapport à l'irruption de la névrose. Nous nous occupons de la pertinence de la "période de latence" et également avec l'hypothèse d'une sexualité "en deux étapes", selon la compréhension de la puberté et de ses possibilités pour la constitution du sujet. Nous utilisons les ressources méthodologiques de certains des principaux cas cliniques analysés par Freud comme Dora, L'homme-aux-loups et La Jeune Homosexuelle. De cette façon, nous avons le but de discuter de la pertinence de l'irruption de la puberté, de ses possibilités et les obstacles dans la causalité/ manifestation d'une névrose. Nous avons réalisé que Freud, tout en ne prenant pas cette question comme l'objet de ses recherches, il l'a explorée au long de ses études, ce qui nous permet de considérer et de discuter de son point de vue sur ce thème.(AU)
Assuntos
Puberdade/psicologia , Transtornos Neuróticos/etiologia , Criança , Teoria FreudianaRESUMO
Este trabalho tem como objetivo apreender a nuance do conceito de puberdade ao longo da obra freudiana. Buscamos compreender como Freud, tendo por base a interface entre "determinismo do período da infância" e "contingência adolescente", articula a puberdade com o momento de irrupção da neurose. Problematizaremos a relevância do "período de latência" e do pressuposto de uma sexualidade "em dois tempos" na compreensão da puberdade e de suas possibilidades no âmbito da constituição do sujeito. Utilizaremos como recurso metodológico a retomada dos principais casos clínicos de Freud, dentre eles, Dora, Homem dos Lobos e a Jovem homossexual, buscando apreender a relevância do momento da irrupção da puberdade, suas possibilidades, seus percalços na causação/manifestação da neurose. Percebemos que Freud, mesmo não tomando a questão como foco de sua pesquisa, passa por ela ao longo de sua obra, permitindo-nos inferir e discutir suas concepções acerca do tema...
This work aims to outline the nuance of the concept of puberty throughout Sigmund Freud's studies. We intend to understand how Freud, based on the interface between 'determinism of childhood period' and 'teenagers contingency', articulates puberty in relation to the irruption of neurosis. We deal with the relevance of the 'latency period' and also with the assumption of sexuality 'in two stages', according to the understanding about puberty and its possibilities for the constitution of the subject. We use as a methodological resource some of the main clinical cases analyzed by Freud such as Dora, The Wolf Man and The Young Homosexual Woman. In this way, our purpose is to stablish the discussion on the relevance of the irruption of puberty, its possibilities and obstacles in the causation/manifestation of any neurosis. We realized that Freud, while not taking this issue as the focus of his research, explores it throughout his studies, allowing us to infer and discuss his point of views about this theme...
Ce travail vise à décrire la nuance du concept de la puberté à travers les études de Sigmund Freud. Nous avons l'intention de comprendre comment Freud, basé sur l'interface entre le "déterminisme de la période de l'enfance" et la "contingence adolescent", articule la puberté par rapport à l'irruption de la névrose. Nous nous occupons de la pertinence de la "période de latence" et également avec l'hypothèse d'une sexualité "en deux étapes", selon la compréhension de la puberté et de ses possibilités pour la constitution du sujet. Nous utilisons les ressources méthodologiques de certains des principaux cas cliniques analysés par Freud comme Dora, L'homme-aux-loups et La Jeune Homosexuelle. De cette façon, nous avons le but de discuter de la pertinence de l'irruption de la puberté, de ses possibilités et les obstacles dans la causalité/ manifestation d'une névrose. Nous avons réalisé que Freud, tout en ne prenant pas cette question comme l'objet de ses recherches, il l'a explorée au long de ses études, ce qui nous permet de considérer et de discuter de son point de vue sur ce thème...
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Teoria Freudiana , Puberdade/psicologia , Transtornos Neuróticos/etiologiaRESUMO
Este artículo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación más extenso, encaminado a analizar y traducir los textos freudianos inéditos en español. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer la traducción y el comentario del informe que resume el contenido de la exposición sobre histeria que Sigmund Freud dictara, en tres partes, en octubre de 1895 ante los integrantes del Colegio Médico de Viena. Se pone el énfasis aquí en el modo en que ese material esclarece un momento esencial de su pensamiento. En tales conferencias se anuncian algunos de los elementos teóricos que luego formarán parte de la conjetura de la seducción, formulada en 1896.
This paper is part of a larger project, which aims to analyze and translate some Freud's documents that have never been published in Spanish. The purpose of this article is to provide a translation and commentary of the report which summarizes the exposition about hysteria delivered by Freud, in three parts, on October 1895 at the Medical College of Vienna. The way in which that material illuminates a capital moment of his theory is here highlighted. During those lectures, some of the theoretical elements that afterward would help to build the seduction thesis (1896) are announced.
Cet article fait partie d'un projet de recherche plus vaste, qui vise à analyser et traduire les textes de Freud qui ne sont pas encore disponibles en espagnol. Le but de cet article est de fournir la traduction et le commentaire du rapport résumant le contenu de la conférence sur lhystérie que Freud délivra, en trois séances, en Octobre 1895 auprès des membres du Collège des Médecins à Vienne. L'accent est mis ici sur la façon dont ce texte éclaire un moment essentiel de la pensée freudienne. Lors de ces conférences sont annoncés quelques-uns des éléments théoriques qui plus tard feront partie de la théorie de la séduction, formulée en 1896.Mot clés: hystérie, Breuer, Freud, étiologie.