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This presentation attempts to show the healing potential underlying the inclusion of the patient's body in the analytic process, while honouring and revisiting the understanding of the psyche-body connection described by Jung in his early work. In addition, the author offers reflections on the impact of collective trauma whose aftermath, among others, has been the disappearance of thousands of people, consequently breaking the family genealogy, leaving hundreds of children stripped of their roots and true identity. Referencing clinical material, the author describes how the process of translation and integration-from the sensory-perceptual to the conceptual-symbolic-can be halted on account of collective trauma occurring at an early stage in development. Moreover, it is shown how the potential of the archetype or image schema, linked to the somatic-affective early experiences encoded as implicit memories, can be recovered, when Embodied Active Imagination is included in the analytic work. The patient's bodily gestures and somatic experience may bridge the gap between the preverbal-implicit knowledge and the emergence of emotions and images that allow for the creation of a new symbolic narrative.

Cette présentation vise à montrer le potentiel de guérison qu'il y a quand on inclut le corps du patient dans le processus analytique. En même temps la présentation fait honneur et revisite la compréhension du lien psyché-soma que Jung a décrite dans ses écrits précoces. De plus, l'auteur offre des réflexions sur l'impact de traumatismes collectifs dont les suites ont été - entre autres - la disparition de milliers de personnes, et en conséquence la cassure de la généalogie familiale, laissant des centaines d'enfants privés de leurs racines et de leur identité véritable. En faisant référence au matériel clinique l'auteur décrit comment le processus de traduction et d'intégration - du sensoriel-perceptuel au conceptuel-symbolique - peut être stoppé du fait d'un traumatisme collectif se produisant à un stade précoce du développement. D'autre part, il est montré comment le potentiel de l'archétype ou schéma-image, lié aux expériences précoces affectives et somatiques codées en tant que souvenirs implicites, peut être retrouvé quand on inclut l'Imagination Active Incarnée dans le travail analytique. Les mouvements du corps du patient et son expérience somatique peuvent agir comme une passerelle entre la connaissance implicite préverbale et l'émergence d'émotions et d'images qui permettent la création d'un récit symbolique nouveau.

Esta presentación propone mostrar el potencial curativo que subyace a la inclusión del cuerpo del paciente en el proceso analítico, al tiempo que honra y revisita la comprensión de la conexión psique-cuerpo descripta por Jung en sus primeros trabajos. Además, la autora ofrece reflexiones sobre el impacto del trauma colectivo cuyas secuelas, entre otras, han sido la desaparición de miles de personas, rompiendo en consecuencia la genealogía familiar y dejando a cientos de niños despojados de sus raíces y de su verdadera identidad. Tomando como referencia material clínico, la autora describe cómo el proceso de traducción e integración, de lo sensorio-perceptivo a lo conceptual-simbólico, puede detenerse debido a que el trauma colectivo se produce en una fase temprana del desarrollo. Se muestra, a su vez, cómo puede recuperarse el potencial del arquetipo o esquema-imagen, vinculado a las tempranas experiencias somato-afectivas codificadas como memorias implícitas, cuando se incluye la Imaginación Activa Corporizada en el trabajo analítico. Los gestos corporales y la experiencia somática del paciente pueden tender un puente entre el conocimiento preverbal-implícito y la emergencia de emociones e imágenes que permite la creación de una nueva narrativa simbólica.

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Conservation biology is a mission-driven discipline that must navigate a new relationship between conservation and science. Because conservation is a social and political as well as an ecological project, conservation biologists must practice interdisciplinarity and collaboration. In a comparative study of 7 cases (Jaguars in the Chaco, Grevy's zebra in Kenya, Beekeeping in Tanzania, Andean cats in Argentina, Jaguars in Mexico, Lobster fishing, and Black bears in Mexico), we examined motivations for collaboration in conservation, who can collaborate in conservation, and how conservation professionals can work well together. In 5 case studies, successful conservation outcomes were prioritized over livelihood benefits. In the other 2 cases, livelihoods were prioritized. All case studies employed participatory approaches. There were multiple external actors, including local and Indigenous communities, nongovernmental organizations, agencies, regional and national governments, and international organizations, which enhanced conservation and wider sustainability outcomes. Key collaboration aspects considered across the case studies were time (mismatch between relationship building and project schedules), trust required for meaningful partnerships, tools employed, and transformative potential for people, nature, and the discipline of conservation biology. We developed guidelines for successful collaboration, including long-term commitment, knowledge integration, multiscalar and plural approaches, cultivation of trust, appropriate engagement, evaluation, supporting students, and efforts for transformation.

Facilitación de la conservación de la biodiversidad a través de colaboraciones para lograr resultados transformadores Resumen La biología de la conservación es una disciplina impulsada por sus objetivos que debe navegar una nueva relación entre la conservación y la ciencia. Dado que la conservación es un proyecto social y político así como ecológico, los biólogos de la conservación deben practicar la interdisciplinariedad y la colaboración. En un estudio comparativo de siete casos (jaguares en el Chaco, cebras de Grevy en Kenia, apicultura en Tanzania, gatos andinos en Argentina, jaguares en México, pesca de langosta, osos negros en México), analizamos las motivaciones para colaborar en la conservación, quién puede colaborar en la conservación y cómo los profesionales de la conservación pueden trabajar bien juntos. En cinco estudios de caso, se priorizaron los resultados satisfactorios de la conservación sobre los beneficios para los medios de subsistencia. En los otros 2 casos, se dio prioridad a los medios de sustento. Todos los estudios de caso emplearon enfoques participativos. Hubo múltiples actores externos, como comunidades locales e indígenas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, agencias, gobiernos regionales y nacionales y organizaciones internacionales, que mejoraron los resultados de conservación y sostenibilidad en general. Los aspectos clave de la colaboración considerados en los estudios de caso fueron el tiempo (desajuste entre el establecimiento de relaciones y los calendarios de los proyectos), la confianza necesaria para establecer colaboraciones significativas, las herramientas empleadas y el potencial transformador para las personas, la naturaleza y la disciplina de la biología de la conservación. Se elaboraron directrices para el éxito de la colaboración, como el compromiso a largo plazo, la integración de conocimientos, los enfoques multiescalares y plurales, el fomento de la confianza, la participación adecuada, la evaluación, el apoyo a los estudiantes y los esfuerzos de transformación. Facilitación de la conservación de la biodiversidad a través de colaboraciones para lograr resultados transformadores.

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This paper explores the consequences of a collective trauma on the individual psyche. The author aims to show the difficulties emerging in the process of working through an early trauma when the personal wound is merged with a family and cultural trauma. Referencing clinical dream material, the author also highlights the importance of including the objective and the subjective levels of analysis, because if the clinical work is solely focused upon the intrapsychic subjective dimension, this may tend to perpetuate the traumatic cycle based on the original denial. This process requires from the analyst sensitivity and receptivity to accept the reality of the collective trauma with all its overwhelming affects, without losing the capacity for imagination; thus, the horror of the non-representable may gradually find - within the analytic dyad - a symbolic way to be retrieved, metabolized, and elaborated.

Cet article explore les conséquences d'un traumatisme collectif sur la psyché individuelle. L'auteur vise à exposer les difficultés qui émergent dans le processus de perlaboration d'un traumatisme précoce quand la blessure personnelle est fusionnée avec le traumatisme familial et culturel. Faisant référence à du matériel clinique d'analyse de rêves, l'auteur souligne aussi l'importance d'inclure les niveaux d'analyse objectif et subjectif. Car si le travail clinique se concentre uniquement sur la dimension intrapsychique subjective, ceci peut avoir tendance à perpétuer le cycle traumatisant fondé sur le déni originel. Ce processus requiert de l'analyste de la sensibilité et de la réceptivité pour accepter la réalité du traumatisme collectif avec tous ses affects accablants, sans pour autant perdre la capacité d'imagination: ainsi l'horreur du non-représentable peut trouver peu à peu - dans la dyade analytique - une manière symbolique d'être récupérée, métabolisée, et élaborée.

El presente trabajo explora las consecuencias de un trauma colectivo en la psique individual. La autora busca mostrar las dificultades que emergen en el trabajo clínico con trauma temprano cuando la herida personal se encuentra fusionada a un trauma familiar y cultural. A partir de material clínico de sueños, se destaca la importancia de incluir el nivel objetico y subjetivo del análisis, debido a que, si el trabajo clínico se focaliza solamente en la dimensión subjetiva intrapsíquica, esto podría perpetuar el ciclo traumático basado en la negación original. Este proceso requiere por parte de la analista sensibilidad y receptividad para aceptar la realidad del trauma colectivo con todas sus emociones devastadoras, sin perder la capacidad para imaginar. De este modo, el horror de lo sin representación puede gradualmente encontrar - al interior de la díada analítica - una vía simbólica para ser recuperado, metabolizado y elaborado.

Este artigo explora as consequências de um trauma coletivo na psique individual. O autor tem como objetivo mostrar as dificuldades emergentes no processo de trabalho através de um trauma precoce quando a ferida pessoal é fundida com um trauma familiar e cultural. Referenciando material de sonho clínico, o autor também destaca a importância de incluir os níveis objetivos e subjetivos da análise, porque se o trabalho clínico está focado apenas na dimensão subjetiva intrapsíquica, isso pode tender a perpetuar o ciclo traumático com base na negação original. Esse processo requer sensibilidade e receptividade do analista para aceitar a realidade do trauma coletivo com todos os seus efeitos esmagadores, sem perder a capacidade de imaginação; assim, o horror do não representável pode gradualmente encontrar - dentro da díade analítica - uma maneira simbólica de ser recuperado, metabolizado e elaborado.

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The illegal harvest of marine species within exclusive economic zones can have a strong impact on the function of local ecosystems and livelihoods of coastal communities. The complexity of these problems is often overlooked in the development of solutions, leading to ineffective and sometimes harmful social and environmental outcomes. One-dimensional, oversimplified perspectives can lead to conservation prescriptions that exacerbate social stressors. This is particularly critical in the case of international illegal trade of endangered, high-value species, which generate a value chain in which artisanal fishers are the first operational and often the weakest link of an intricate web. We examined 2 illegal fisheries, totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) and sea cucumber (Isostichopus badionotus and Holothuria floridana), in Mexico. Although these are 2 separate and independent fisheries, important ecological (resource condition, fishery impacts at the ecosystem level) and social (governance, markets) similarities improve understanding of their complexity. Our findings are relevant globally and show the need for interdisciplinary decision-making groups, community engagement, and the development of demand reduction measures.

Pesquerías Ilegales, Crímenes Ambientales y la Conservación de los Recursos Marinos Resumen La cosecha ilegal de especies marinas dentro de las zonas económicas exclusivas puede tener un impacto serio sobre la función de los ecosistemas locales y el economia de las comunidades costeras. La complejidad de estos problemas generalmente se ignora durante el desarrollo de soluciones, lo que conlleva a resultados ambientales y sociales poco efectivos y algunas veces dañinos. Las perspectivas unidimensionales y sobresimplificadas pueden derivar en prescripciones de conservación que empeoran las condiciones sociales sociales. Lo anterior es particularmente crítico para el caso del mercado ilegal de especies en peligro y de alto valor, lo que genera una cadena de valores en la que los pescadores tradicionales son el primer eslabón operativo y con frecuencia el más débil de una red intrincada. Examinamos dos pesquerías ilegales, la de la totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) y la del pepino de mar (Isostichopus badionotus y Holothuria floridana), en México. Aunque estas dos pesquerías son diferentes e independientes, las importantes similitudes ecológicas (estado del recurso, impactos de la pesquería a nivel de ecosistema) y sociales (governancia, mercados) mejoran el conocimiento de su complejidad. Nuestros hallazgos son relevantes a escala global y muestran la necesidad de tener grupos interdisciplinarios para tomar decisiones, la participación de la comunidad y el desarrollo de medidas para reducir la demanda por el producto pesquero.

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The COVID-19 pandemic brings to the forefront the complex interconnected dilemmas of globalization, health equity, economic security, environmental justice, and collective trauma, severely impacting the marginalized and people of color in the United States. This lack of access to and the quality of healthcare, affordable housing, and lack of financial resources also continue to have a more significant impact on documented and undocumented immigrants. This paper aims at examining these critical issues and developing a framework for family therapists to address these challenges by focusing on four interrelated dimensions: cultural values, social determinants of health, collective trauma, and the ethical and moral responsibility of family therapists. Given the fact that family therapists may unwittingly function as the best ally of an economic and political system that perpetuates institutionalized racism and class discrimination, we need to utilize a set of principles, values, and practices that are not just palliative or after the fact but bring forth into the psychotherapeutic and policy work a politics of care. Therefore, a strong call to promote and advocate for the broader continuum of health and critical thinking preparing professionals to meet the challenges of health equity, as well as economic and environmental justice, is needed. The issues discussed in this paper are specific to the United States despite their relevance to family therapy as a field. We are mindful not to generalize the United States' reality to the rest of the world, recognizing that issues discussed in this paper could potentially contribute to international discourse.

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha puesto en primer plano los dilemas complejos e interconectados de la globalización, la equidad sanitaria, la seguridad económica, la justicia ambiental y el trauma colectivo, afectando gravemente a las personas marginadas y de color de los Estados Unidos. Esta falta de acceso a asistencia sanitaria de calidad, a viviendas asequibles, y la falta de recursos económicos también continúan teniendo un efecto más significativo en los inmigrantes documentados e indocumentados. Este artículo tiene como finalidad analizar estas cuestiones críticas y desarrollar un marco para que los terapeutas familiares aborden estas dificultades centrándose en cuatro dimensiones interrelacionadas: valores culturales, determinantes sociales de salud, trauma colectivo, y responsabilidad ética y moral de los terapeutas familiares. Teniendo en cuenta el hecho de que los terapeutas familiares pueden funcionar inconscientemente como los mejores aliados de un sistema económico y político que perpetúa el racismo institucionalizado y el clasismo, necesitamos utilizar un conjunto de principios, valores y prácticas que no sea solo paliativo o a posteriori, sino que genere en el trabajo político y psicoterapéutico una política de asistencia. Por lo tanto, es necesario un reclamo firme de promover y abogar por un continuo más amplio de la salud y un pensamiento crítico que prepare a los profesionales para responder a las dificultades de la equidad sanitaria, así como de la justicia económica y ambiental, si fuera necesario. Las cuestiones tratadas en este artículo son específicas de los Estados Unidos a pesar de su relevancia para la terapia familiar como área. Somos conscientes de no generalizar la realidad de los Estados Unidos para el resto del mundo, y reconocemos que las cuestiones tratadas en este artículo podrían contribuir al discurso internacional.

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A unique primary prevention effort, Strong Communities for Children (Strong Communities), focuses on changing attitudes and expectations regarding communities' collective responsibilities for the safety of children. Findings from a 6-year pilot of the initiative in South Carolina have shown promise in reducing child maltreatment, but efforts to adapt the initiative to different cultural contexts have been lacking. No models exist for adapting an initiative that takes a community-level approach to ensuring children's safety. Thus, this article addresses the gap by providing an overview of the original initiative, how the initiative was adapted to the Israeli context, and lessons learned from the experience. Building on conceptualizations of cultural adaptation by Castro et al. (Prevention Science, 5, 2004, 41) and Resnicow et al. (Ethnicity and Disease, 9, 1999, 11), sources of nonfit (i.e., sociodemographic traits, political conflict, government services, and the presence and role of community organizations) were identified and deep and surface structure modifications were made to the content and delivery. Ultimately, this article describes the adaption and dissemination of a community-based child maltreatment prevention initiative in Tel Aviv, Israel, and addresses researchers' calls for more publications describing the adaptation of interventions and the procedures that need to be implemented to achieve cultural relevance.

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Research on European and European American families suggests that parents' differential treatment of siblings has negative implications for youths' adjustment, but few studies have explored these dynamics in minority samples. This study examined parents' differential acceptance and conflict in a sample of mothers, fathers, and two adolescent siblings in 179 African American families who were interviewed on three annual occasions. In an effort to replicate findings from European and European American samples, we assessed the longitudinal associations between differential treatment and adolescent adjustment and tested three sibling characteristics (birth order, gender, and dyad gender composition) as potential moderators of these linkages. To illuminate the sociocultural context of differential treatment and its implications, we also explored parents' cultural socialization practices and experiences of financial stress as potential moderators of these links. Multilevel models revealed that, controlling for average parent-child relationship qualities, decreases in parental acceptance and increases in parent-youth conflict over time-relative to the sibling-were associated with increases in youths' risky behavior and depressive symptoms. Links between differential treatment and adjustment were not evident, however, when mothers engaged in high levels of cultural socialization and in families under high financial stress. The discussion highlights the significance of sociocultural factors in family dynamics.

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BACKGROUND: The association between hypertensive phenotypes of controlled hypertension (CH), white-coat effect (WCE), masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUH) and sustained hypertension (SH) with target organ damage have not been clearly established in diabetic hypertensive treated patients. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of the four phenotypes considering the current cut-off points for office and 24 h-ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and the association with left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic function and nephropathy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 304 patients on anti-hypertensive treatment aged 57.6 ± 6.1 years, who were submitted to ABPM and echocardiography. They were classified into CH (normal office BP and ABPM), WCE (high office BP and normal ABPM), MUH (normal office BP and high ABPM), and SH (high office BP and ABPM). RESULTS: Median HbA1c and diabetes duration were 7.9% (6.8-9.2), and 10 years (5-16), respectively. Prevalences of CH, WCE, MUH and SH were 27.3%, 17.1%, 18.8%, and 36.8%. MUH prevalence was higher than previously described. There was a significant increasing trend across the four groups in variables related to LVH (P < 0.001 for trend). There was not a clear "dose-response" relationship of the four hypertensive phenotypes with nephropathy and diastolic function. CONCLUSION: The use of ABPM beyond the traditional cardiovascular risk stratification tools has limitations, but is still useful in high-risk patients. Longitudinal studies could better evaluate the role of the use of ABPM in this scenario. Cut-off points for normality of office and ABPM influence the prevalences of WCH and MUH.

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The effects of relationship education aimed at individuals, rather than couples, have not yet been widely investigated. However, increasingly, relationship education is provided to large and diverse groups of individuals who may be in varying stages of relationships. Several programs have been developed to strengthen relationship competencies among single individuals as well as among partnered individuals who, for a variety of reasons, seek relationship education without their partners. The current study is an exploratory evaluation study that examined self-reported outcomes for 706 single and partnered individuals who attended Within My Reach classes delivered in community-based agencies. Participants were from diverse backgrounds and exhibited many of the risk factors for poor relationship outcomes including unemployment, low income, and childhood experience of abuse or neglect. Pre-post analyses indicated that the program was beneficial for both singles and partnered individuals. Singles reported increased belief in ability to obtain healthy relationships. Partnered individuals reported increased relationship quality, relationship confidence, and reduced conflict. Regardless of relationship status, participants also reported improvement in general relationship and communication skill. Results support the utility of individual-oriented relationship education for singles and partnered individuals with diverse background characteristics.

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BACKGROUND: This study was conducted among individuals with diabetes and hypertension in order to assess the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and the association between ED and cardiovascular risk variables such as echocardiographic changes. METHODS: We evaluated 114 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. ED was assessed by International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score. Clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated, including C-reactive protein (CRP), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), ankle brachial index (ABI) and transthoracic echocardiography. Comparisons between patients with ED (IIEF-5 < 22) and without ED (IIEF-5 ≥ 22) were performed. RESULTS: Patients were 56.8 ± 5.7 years-old, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 150.7 ± 19.5 mmHg and 85.4 ± 11.4 mmHg, respectively, and HbA1c was 8.0 ± 1.7%. The majority (74.6%) of patients had ED. Levels of CRP, ABPM values and ABI were similar between men with and without ED. Echocardiography variables related to cardiac chamber diameters, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic function were similar between groups, except there was a slight lower left ventricular ejection fraction in men with ED (64.9 ± 7.3 vs 68.1 ± 3.9%, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In high cardiovascular risk hypertensive individuals with type 2 diabetes, ED is highly prevalent as expected, but its presence is associated with neither echocardiographic variables, nor other cardiovascular risk factors.

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