RESUMO

Effective conservation policies require comprehensive knowledge of biodiversity. However, knowledge shortfalls still remain, hindering possibilities to improve decision making and built such policies. During the last 2 decades, conservationists have made great efforts to allocate resources as efficiently as possible but have rarely considered the idea that if research investments are also strategically allocated, it would likely fill knowledge gaps while simultaneously improving conservation actions. Therefore, prioritizing areas where both conservation and research actions could be conducted becomes a critical endeavor that can further maximize return on investment. We used Zonation, a conservation planning tool and geographical distributions of amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles to suggest and compare priority areas for conservation and research of terrestrial vertebrates worldwide. We also evaluated the degree of human disturbance in both types of priority areas by describing the value of the human footprint index within such areas. The spatial concordance between priority conservation and research areas was low: 0.36% of the world's land area. In these areas, we found it would be possible to protect almost half of the currently threatened species and to gather information on nearly 42% of data-deficient (DD) species. We also found that 6199 protected areas worldwide are located in such places, although only 35% of them have strict conservation purposes. Areas of consensus between conservation and research areas represent an opportunity for simultaneously conserving and acquiring knowledge of threatened and DD species of vertebrates. Although the picture is not the most encouraging, joint conservation and research efforts are possible and should be fostered to save vertebrate species from our own ignorance and extinction.

Áreas Prioritarias para la Conservación e Investigación Enfocadas en Vertebrados Terrestres Resumen Las políticas efectivas de conservación requieren del conocimiento integral de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, la deficiencia de conocimiento todavía obstaculiza las posibilidades de mejorar la toma de decisiones y construir dichas políticas. Durante las últimas dos décadas, los conservacionistas han realizado un gran esfuerzo por asignar los recursos de la manera más eficiente posible, pero en pocas ocasiones han considerado la idea de que, si las inversiones para la investigación también se asignan estratégicamente, probablemente llenarían los vacíos de conocimiento a la vez que mejoran las acciones de conservación. Por lo tanto, la priorización de las áreas en donde podrían realizarse acciones de conservación y de investigación se convierte en un esfuerzo importante que puede avanzar todavía más la maximización del rendimiento de la inversión. Usamos Zonation, una herramienta de planeación de la conservación, junto con las distribuciones geográficas de anfibios, aves, mamíferos y reptiles para sugerir y comparar las áreas prioritarias para la conservación e investigación de los vertebrados terrestres en todo el mundo. También evaluamos el grado de perturbación humana en ambos tipos de áreas prioritarias mediante la descripción del valor del índice de la huella ecológica humana dentro de dichas áreas. La concordancia espacial entre las áreas prioritarias para la conservación y para la investigación fue baja: 0.36% del área total de suelo mundial. Encontramos que en estas áreas sería posible proteger a casi la mitad de las especies que se encuentran actualmente amenazadas, así como recopilar información sobre casi el 42% de las especies cuya información es deficiente. También descubrimos que 6199 áreas protegidas a nivel mundial están localizadas en dichos lugares, aunque sólo el 35% de ellas tiene propósitos estrictos de conservación. Las áreas de consenso entre la conservación y la investigación representan una oportunidad para simultáneamente conservar y adquirir conocimiento sobre las especies amenazadas de vertebrados y cuya información es deficiente. Aunque el futuro no es alentador, los esfuerzos conjuntos de conservación e investigación son posibles y deberían fomentarse para salvar a las especies de vertebrados de nuestra propia ignorancia y extinción.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Ante la acelerada pérdida de biodiversidad causada por actividades humanas, las áreas protegidas (APs) constituyen la principal respuesta para mitigar esta crisis. La Reserva Natural Iberá (RNI) incluye 13000 km2 de territorios privados y fiscales, que contienen humedales y tierras altas con elevada biodiversidad, endemismos e importantes poblaciones de especies amenazadas. Para implementar su conservación, a finales del siglo pasado se definieron cinco Unidades de Conservación (UC) priorizadas en infraestructura y guardaparques, seleccionadas mediante criterios pobremente explicitados. En este trabajo definimos áreas prioritarias para la conservación (APC) usando los patrones de distribución de los reptiles en la RNI, para evaluar la eficiencia de las UC instauradas y detectar otras posibles áreas a ser consideradas en gestiones de conservación. La RNI se dividió en 28 celdas de 0,25° de latitud-longitud y mediante muestreos de campo y revisión de colecciones se obtuvieron 1 482 registros de 71 especies de reptiles computándose su presencia/ausencia en las celdas. Se calculó por celda riqueza específica e Índice Combinado de Biodiversidad (ICB) (que incluye rareza y grado de amenaza). Las APC fueron definidas mediante una búsqueda exacta (Complementariedad), obteniendo el mínimo conjunto de áreas que contuvieran a todas las especies y valores del ICB, lo que se denomina "eficiencia máxima". La superficie mínima necesaria que representa a todas las especies es de diez celdas (36%) y sólo dos incluyen UC actuales. Se necesitan adicionar ocho celdas para cubrir los vacíos de conservación de reptiles, particularmente en el norte de la RNI. Sobre 20 especies amenazadas o insuficientemente conocidas, 12 (60%) no fueron registradas en celdas con UC. Proponemos UC adicionales para efectivizar la protección de todos los reptiles e incluir especies amenazadas.(AU)

Owing to accelerated biodiversity loss caused by human activities, the protected areas (PAs) are the main response to mitigate this crisis. The Iberá Natural Reserve (INR) includes 13000 km2 of private and state lands, which contain wetland and upland areas with high biodiversity, endemism and significant populations of threatened species. In order to implement its conservation, late last century, five Units of Conservation (UC) were defined and prioritized due to infrastructure and park-rangers, although poorly selected by explicit criteria. We defined priority areas for conservation (APCs) using the distribution patterns of reptiles in the INR, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the five UC located within its boundaries and detect other possible areas to be considered in conservation efforts. The INR was divided into 28 quadrat-cells of 0.25° latitude-longitude and through field samplings and revision of collections we obtained 1482 records of 71 species of reptiles, computed their presence / absence in the cells. We estimated species richness and Combined Biodiversity Index (including rarity and degree of threat) by cell. APCs were defined by an exact search (complementarity index), obtaining the minimum set of areas containing higher values of the indexes used, which is called "maximum efficiency". The minimum area required to represent all species was ten cells (36%) and only two of them includes current UC. Add eight cells are needed to fill conservation gaps of reptiles, particularly in the north of the INR. About 20 threatened or poorly known species, 12 (60%) were not recorded in cells with UC. We proposed additional UC in order to protect all reptiles and include threatened species.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Ante la acelerada pérdida de biodiversidad causada por actividades humanas, las áreas protegidas (APs) constituyen la principal respuesta para mitigar esta crisis. La Reserva Natural Iberá (RNI) incluye 13000 km2 de territorios privados y fiscales, que contienen humedales y tierras altas con elevada biodiversidad, endemismos e importantes poblaciones de especies amenazadas. Para implementar su conservación, a finales del siglo pasado se definieron cinco Unidades de Conservación (UC) priorizadas en infraestructura y guardaparques, seleccionadas mediante criterios pobremente explicitados. En este trabajo definimos áreas prioritarias para la conservación (APC) usando los patrones de distribución de los reptiles en la RNI, para evaluar la eficiencia de las UC instauradas y detectar otras posibles áreas a ser consideradas en gestiones de conservación. La RNI se dividió en 28 celdas de 0,25° de latitud-longitud y mediante muestreos de campo y revisión de colecciones se obtuvieron 1 482 registros de 71 especies de reptiles computándose su presencia/ausencia en las celdas. Se calculó por celda riqueza específica e Índice Combinado de Biodiversidad (ICB) (que incluye rareza y grado de amenaza). Las APC fueron definidas mediante una búsqueda exacta (Complementariedad), obteniendo el mínimo conjunto de áreas que contuvieran a todas las especies y valores del ICB, lo que se denomina "eficiencia máxima". La superficie mínima necesaria que representa a todas las especies es de diez celdas (36%) y sólo dos incluyen UC actuales. Se necesitan adicionar ocho celdas para cubrir los vacíos de conservación de reptiles, particularmente en el norte de la RNI. Sobre 20 especies amenazadas o insuficientemente conocidas, 12 (60%) no fueron registradas en celdas con UC. Proponemos UC adicionales para efectivizar la protección de todos los reptiles e incluir especies amenazadas.

Owing to accelerated biodiversity loss caused by human activities, the protected areas (PAs) are the main response to mitigate this crisis. The Iberá Natural Reserve (INR) includes 13000 km2 of private and state lands, which contain wetland and upland areas with high biodiversity, endemism and significant populations of threatened species. In order to implement its conservation, late last century, five Units of Conservation (UC) were defined and prioritized due to infrastructure and park-rangers, although poorly selected by explicit criteria. We defined priority areas for conservation (APCs) using the distribution patterns of reptiles in the INR, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the five UC located within its boundaries and detect other possible areas to be considered in conservation efforts. The INR was divided into 28 quadrat-cells of 0.25° latitude-longitude and through field samplings and revision of collections we obtained 1482 records of 71 species of reptiles, computed their presence / absence in the cells. We estimated species richness and Combined Biodiversity Index (including rarity and degree of threat) by cell. APCs were defined by an exact search (complementarity index), obtaining the minimum set of areas containing higher values of the indexes used, which is called "maximum efficiency". The minimum area required to represent all species was ten cells (36%) and only two of them includes current UC. Add eight cells are needed to fill conservation gaps of reptiles, particularly in the north of the INR. About 20 threatened or poorly known species, 12 (60%) were not recorded in cells with UC. We proposed additional UC in order to protect all reptiles and include threatened species.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN Ante la acelerada pérdida de biodiversidad causada por actividades humanas, las áreas protegidas (APs) constituyen la principal respuesta para mitigar esta crisis. La Reserva Natural Iberá (RNI) incluye 13000 km2 de territorios privados y fiscales, que contienen humedales y tierras altas con elevada biodiversidad, endemismos e importantes poblaciones de especies amenazadas. Para implementar su conservación, a finales del siglo pasado se definieron cinco Unidades de Conservación (UC) priorizadas en infraestructura y guardaparques, seleccionadas mediante criterios pobremente explicitados. En este trabajo definimos áreas prioritarias para la conservación (APC) usando los patrones de distribución de los reptiles en la RNI, para evaluar la eficiencia de las UC instauradas y detectar otras posibles áreas a ser consideradas en gestiones de conservación. La RNI se dividió en 28 celdas de 0,25° de latitud-longitud y mediante muestreos de campo y revisión de colecciones se obtuvieron 1 482 registros de 71 especies de reptiles computándose su presencia/ausencia en las celdas. Se calculó por celda riqueza específica e Índice Combinado de Biodiversidad (ICB) (que incluye rareza y grado de amenaza). Las APC fueron definidas mediante una búsqueda exacta (Complementariedad), obteniendo el mínimo conjunto de áreas que contuvieran a todas las especies y valores del ICB, lo que se denomina eficiencia máxima. La superficie mínima necesaria que representa a todas las especies es de diez celdas (36%) y sólo dos incluyen UC actuales. Se necesitan adicionar ocho celdas para cubrir los vacíos de conservación de reptiles, particularmente en el norte de la RNI. Sobre 20 especies amenazadas o insuficientemente conocidas, 12 (60%) no fueron registradas en celdas con UC. Proponemos UC adicionales para efectivizar la protección de todos los reptiles e incluir especies amenazadas.

ABSTRACT Owing to accelerated biodiversity loss caused by human activities, the protected areas (PAs) are the main response to mitigate this crisis. The Iberá Natural Reserve (INR) includes 13000 km2 of private and state lands, which contain wetland and upland areas with high biodiversity, endemism and significant populations of threatened species. In order to implement its conservation, late last century, five Units of Conservation (UC) were defined and prioritized due to infrastructure and park-rangers, although poorly selected by explicit criteria. We defined priority areas for conservation (APCs) using the distribution patterns of reptiles in the INR, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the five UC located within its boundaries and detect other possible areas to be considered in conservation efforts. The INR was divided into 28 quadrat-cells of 0.25° latitude-longitude and through field samplings and revision of collections we obtained 1482 records of 71 species of reptiles, computed their presence / absence in the cells. We estimated species richness and Combined Biodiversity Index (including rarity and degree of threat) by cell. APCs were defined by an exact search (complementarity index), obtaining the minimum set of areas containing higher values of the indexes used, which is called maximum efficiency. The minimum area required to represent all species was ten cells (36%) and only two of them includes current UC. Add eight cells are needed to fill conservation gaps of reptiles, particularly in the north of the INR. About 20 threatened or poorly known species, 12 (60%) were not recorded in cells with UC. We proposed additional UC in order to protect all reptiles and include threatened species.

RESUMO

Resumen:La estimación de la densidad de fauna silvestre permite tener una idea del estado de salud de las poblaciones y en algunos casos indica el estado de conservación de los ecosistemas. Los métodos de evaluación deben hacer estimaciones no sesgadas, ya que servirán de base para estrategias de conservación de especies clave. Algunas regiones en México han sido identificadas como áreas de alta prioridad para la conservación de especies con cierto nivel de riesgo, como es la Península de Yucatán (PY), donde prevalece la mayor población de jaguares en México. Sin embargo, poco se sabe acerca de la situación actual de los felinos amenazados y en peligro de extinción, como un grupo de especies que conviven en la parte noreste de la Península. Nuestro objetivo fue estimar la densidad de las poblaciones de felinos silvestres a mediano plazo en la Reserva Ecológica El Edén (EEER) y sus alrededores. Se llevaron a cabo muestreos con cámaras-trampa durante cuatro años (2008, 2010, 2011 y 2012), se usaron modelos de captura-recaptura para poblaciones cerradas (CAPTURA + MMDM o VMMDM) y un modelo de C-R espacial-mente explícito (CERC) por medio del paquete SPCACAP para realizar las estimaciones de densidad. Las especies estudiadas fueron: jaguar (Panthera onca),puma (Puma concolor),ocelote (Leopardus pardalis),jaguarundi (Puma yaguaroundi)y tigrillo (Leopardus wiedii).La frecuencia de captura se obtuvo para las cinco especies y la densidad para tres (individuos/100km2). La densidad estimada por medio de MMDM varió entre 1.2 y 2.6 para jaguares, pumas (1.7-4.3) y ocelotes (1.4-13.8). Las estimaciones de la densidad en SPACECAP variaron desde 0.7 hasta 3.6 para jaguares, de 1.8 a 5.2 para pumas y de 2.1 a 5.1 en ocelotes. El método de C-R espacialmente explícito (SECR, SPACECAP) tiene menos probabilidades de sobrestimar la densidad, lo que provee una herramienta útil en el proceso de planificación y toma de decisiones para la conservación de estas especies. La parte noreste de la Península de Yucatán mantiene poblaciones altas de felinos, la REEE y sus alrededores son clave para la conservación de este grupo de depredadores.

Abstract:Wildlife density estimates provide an idea of the current state of populations, and in some cases, reflect the conservation status of ecosystems, essential aspects for effective management actions. In Mexico, several regions have been identified as high priority areas for the conservation of species that have some level of risk, like the Yucatan Peninsula (YP), where the country has the largest population ofjaguars. However, little is known about the current status of threatened and endangered felids, which coexist in the Northeastern portion of the Peninsula. Our objective was to estimate the wild cats' density population over time at El Eden Ecological Reserve (EEER) and its surrounding areas. Camera trap surveys over four years (2008, 2010, 2011 and 2012) were conducted, and data were obtained with the use of capture-recapture models for closed populations (CAPTURE + MMDM or 'V MMDM), and the spatially explicit capture-recapture model (SPACECAP). The species studied were jaguar (Panthera onca),puma (Puma concolor),ocelot (Leopardus pardalis),jaguarundi (Puma yaguaroundi)and margay (Leopardus wiedii).Capture frequency was obtained for all five species and the density for three (individuals/100km2). The density estimated with The Mean Maximum Distance Moved (MMDM), CAPTURE, ranged from 1.2 to 2.6 for jaguars, from 1.7 to 4.3 for pumas and from 1.4 to 13.8 for ocelots. The density estimates in SPACECAP ranged from 0.7 to 3.6 for jaguars, from 1.8 to 5.2 for pumas and 2.1 to 5.1 for ocelots. Spatially explicit capture recapture (SECR) methods in SPACECAP were less likely to overestimate densities, making it a useful tool in the planning and decision making process for the conservation of these species. The Northeastern portion of the Yucatan Peninsula maintains high populations of cats, the EEER and its surrounding areas are valuable sites for the conservation of this group of predators.

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RESUMO

A Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Jararaca sofre impactos ambientais significativos decorrentes do uso e ocupação do solo inadequados em seu território. No Brasil, as áreas de preservação permanente são definidas e protegidas pelo Código Florestal, Lei Federal n°12.651, de 2012. Essas áreas estão localizadas nas margens de corpos d'água e em outros locais especificados pela referida lei. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os resultados das possíveis alternativas em função de distintos procedimentos utilizados para sua elaboração. A metodologia utilizada constitui na elaboração de um mapa de priorização para a recuperação dessas áreas, fazendo uso de Sistema de Informações Geográficas com análise multicriterial e comparando com as determinações do Plano de Bacia do Córrego Jararaca. Como resultado foram identificadas diferentes prioridades resultantes de procedimentos essencialmente técnicos daqueles procedimentos que incorporam a participação da sociedade.

The Jararaca River Basin suffers significative environmental impacts caused by inaccurate land use. In Brazil, the areas for permanent preservation are defined and protected by the 2012 Federal Law 12.651. These areas are located in the bank side and other specific places. The objective of this paper was to analyze the results of possible alternatives in function of different procedures used in the proposal elaboration. The methodology used was the elaboration of a priority map for the recovery of these areas using the Geographic Information System with multicriterial analyses and comparing it with the guidelines from the Jararaca River Basin Management Plan. As a result, there were identified differences in the priorities defined by technical issues from the priorities defined by public consultation process.

RESUMO

The selection of priority areas is an enormous challenge for biodiversity conservation. Some biogeographic methods have been used to identify the priority areas to conservation, and panbiogeography is one of them. This study aimed at the utilization of panbiogeographic tools, to identify the distribution patterns of aquatic insect genera, in wetland systems of an extensive area in the Neotropical region (~280 000km²), and to compare the distribution of the biogeographic units identified by the aquatic insects, with the conservation units of Southern Brazil. We analyzed the distribution pattern of 82 genera distributed in four orders of aquatic insects (Diptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera) in Southern Brazil wetlands. Therefore, 32 biogeographic nodes corresponded to the priority areas for conservation of the aquatic insect diversity. Among this total, 13 were located in the Atlantic Rainforest, 16 in the Pampa and three amongst both biomes. The distribution of nodes showed that only 15% of the dispersion centers of insects were inserted in conservation units. The four priority areas pointed by node cluster criterion must be considered in further inclusions of areas for biodiversity conservation in Southern Brazil wetlands, since such areas present species from differrent ancestral biota. The inclusion of such areas into the conservation units would be a strong way to conserve the aquatic biodiversity in this region.

La selección de áreas prioritarias es un enorme desafío para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Métodos biogeográficos se han utilizado para identificar áreas prioritarias para la conservación, como la panbiogeografía. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo el empleo de herramientas panbiogeográficas, para identificar los patrones de distribución de los géneros de insectos acuáticos, en los sistemas de humedales de una extensa área de la región Neotropical (~280 000km²), y así comparar la distribución de las unidades biogeográficas identificadas por los insectos acuáticos, con las unidades de conservación del sur de Brasil. Asimismo, se analizaron los patrones de distribución de los 82 géneros de cuatro órdenes de insectos acuáticos (Diptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera y Trichoptera) en los humedales del sur de Brasil. Ahora bien, 32 nodos biogeográficos correspondieron a las áreas prioritarias para la conservación de la diversidad de insectos acuáticos. Dentro de este total, 13 se encontraban en el Bosque Atlántico, 16 en la Pampa y tres entre los dos biomas. La distribución de nodos mostró que sólo el 15% de los centros de dispersión de los insectos fueron insertados en las unidades de conservación. Las cuatro áreas prioritarias señaladas por criterio de nodo de clúster debe ser considerado en las inclusiones de los diferentes ámbitos para la conservación de la biodiversidad en los humedales del sur de Brasil, debido a que en esas zonas se presentan las 13 especies de la biota ancestrales diferentes. La inclusión de dichas áreas en las unidades de conservación sería una estrategia eficaz para conservar la biodiversidad acuática en la región.

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RESUMO

This study is a summary of the present knowledge on the existence and distribution of the bat species occurring in the State of Paraná, Brazil, identifying areas for additional surveys. The analysed data was obtained from the collection belonging to the Capão da Imbuia Natural History Museum (Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, MHNCI) in Curitiba, and from a bibliographical update. Fifty-three species in 5 families were identified the Phyllostomidae present the highest abundance of species (25; 47% in total) followed by the Molossidae (13; 24%), Vespertilionidae (12; 23%), Noctilionidae (2; 4%), and Emballonuridae (1; 2%). The results indicate that only 55% of the species belong to the Biome of the Atlantic Forest and that there is a relative predominance of vespertilionids and molossids over phyllostomids. These results reveal an impoverished fauna confirming the subtropical character of the Paraná region. The distribution of the species is irregular. Significant differences occur between the species compositions in the three principal forest formations of Paraná. The Semideciduous seazonal Forest contains the highest abundance (39; 74%) and the highest number of exclusive species (10). It is followed by the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest or Araucaria Forest (36; 68%), with 6 exclusive species, and finally by the Dense Ombrophylous Forest (= Atlantic Forest sensu stricto) with 33 species (62%) of which only 3 are exclusive. The degree of knowledge was estimated with the Method of Squares. The area was subdivided using a grid drawn at intervals of 30' longitude and 30' latitude, forming 93 small squares. Of these, 53% (49 small squares) do not contain any bats and the average per square is 3.4 species, much less than the 24 species that would be considered satisfactory for Paraná. Only three small squares reach this amount: two surveys done in the eastern (Curitiba) and one in the northern (Londrina) regions. Approximately two-third of the territory of Paraná can be considered poorly explored and must be classified as areas requiring additional surveys, since only 11 bat species have been identified so far.

Este estudo sintetiza o conhecimento atual sobre a riqueza e distribuição das espécies de morcegos ocorrentes no Estado do Paraná, Brazil, bem como, determina áreas prioritárias para novos inventários. Os dados analisados foram obtidos da coleção do Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia - MHNCI (em Curitiba) e de um extenso levantamento bibliográfico. Foram registradas 53 espécies de cinco famílias: Phyllostomidae apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies (25; 47% do total), seguida por Molossidae (13; 24%), Vespertilionidae (12; 22%), Noctilionidae (2; 4%) e Emballonuridae (1; 2,5%). Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de apenas 55% das espécies do Bioma Floresta Atlântica e o predomínio relativo de vespertilionídeos e molossídeos sobre os filostomídeos. Estes resultados revelam uma fauna empobrecida em número de espécies e ressaltam o caráter subtropical da região ocupada pelo Paraná. A distribuição das espécies não se mostra homogênea, ocorrendo diferenças significativas entre as composições de espécies nas três principais formações florestais do Estado. A Floresta Estacional Semidecidual destaca-se pela maior riqueza de espécies (39; 74%) e o maior número de exclusivas (10). Em seguida esta a Floresta Ombrófila Mista ou Floresta com Araucária (36; 68%) sendo seis exclusivas e, por fim, a Floresta Ombrófila Densa (= Floresta Atlântica s.s.) com 33 espécies (62%) e somente três exclusivas. O grau de conhecimento foi estimado a partir do Método dos Quadrantes em um gradil de 30' latitude x 30' de longitude, obtendo-se 93 quadrículas. Desse total, 53% (49 quadrículas) não apresentaram nenhuma ocorrência de morcegos e a média de espécies por quadrícula foi de 3,4, riqueza muito abaixo da considerada como satisfatória para o Estado, que é de 24 espécies. Somente três quadrículas ultrapassaram e estimativa satisfatória: duas na região leste (Curitiba) e uma ao norte (Londrina). Aproximadamente 2/3 do território paranaense foi considerado como insuficientemente conhecido e classificado como "áreas de altíssima prioridade" para novos levantamentos, por apresentar uma fauna inferior a 11 espécies.

RESUMO

This study is a summary of the present knowledge on the existence and distribution of the bat species occurring in the State of Paraná, Brazil, identifying areas for additional surveys. The analysed data was obtained from the collection belonging to the Capão da Imbuia Natural History Museum (Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, MHNCI) in Curitiba, and from a bibliographical update. Fifty-three species in 5 families were identified the Phyllostomidae present the highest abundance of species (25; 47% in total) followed by the Molossidae (13; 24%), Vespertilionidae (12; 23%), Noctilionidae (2; 4%), and Emballonuridae (1; 2%). The results indicate that only 55% of the species belong to the Biome of the Atlantic Forest and that there is a relative predominance of vespertilionids and molossids over phyllostomids. These results reveal an impoverished fauna confirming the subtropical character of the Paraná region. The distribution of the species is irregular. Significant differences occur between the species compositions in the three principal forest formations of Paraná. The Semideciduous seazonal Forest contains the highest abundance (39; 74%) and the highest number of exclusive species (10). It is followed by the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest or Araucaria Forest (36; 68%), with 6 exclusive species, and finally by the Dense Ombrophylous Forest (= Atlantic Forest sensu stricto) with 33 species (62%) of which only 3 are exclusive. The degree of knowledge was estimated with the Method of Squares. The area was subdivided using a grid drawn at intervals of 30' longitude and 30' latitude, forming 93 small squares. Of these, 53% (49 small squares) do not contain any bats and the average per square is 3.4 species, much less than the 24 species that would be considered satisfactory for Paraná. Only three small squares reach this amount: two surveys done in the eastern (Curitiba) and one in the northern (Londrina) regions. Approximately two-third of the territory of Paraná can be considered poorly explored and must be classified as areas requiring additional surveys, since only 11 bat species have been identified so far.

Este estudo sintetiza o conhecimento atual sobre a riqueza e distribuição das espécies de morcegos ocorrentes no Estado do Paraná, Brazil, bem como, determina áreas prioritárias para novos inventários. Os dados analisados foram obtidos da coleção do Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia - MHNCI (em Curitiba) e de um extenso levantamento bibliográfico. Foram registradas 53 espécies de cinco famílias: Phyllostomidae apresentou a maior riqueza de espécies (25; 47% do total), seguida por Molossidae (13; 24%), Vespertilionidae (12; 22%), Noctilionidae (2; 4%) e Emballonuridae (1; 2,5%). Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de apenas 55% das espécies do Bioma Floresta Atlântica e o predomínio relativo de vespertilionídeos e molossídeos sobre os filostomídeos. Estes resultados revelam uma fauna empobrecida em número de espécies e ressaltam o caráter subtropical da região ocupada pelo Paraná. A distribuição das espécies não se mostra homogênea, ocorrendo diferenças significativas entre as composições de espécies nas três principais formações florestais do Estado. A Floresta Estacional Semidecidual destaca-se pela maior riqueza de espécies (39; 74%) e o maior número de exclusivas (10). Em seguida esta a Floresta Ombrófila Mista ou Floresta com Araucária (36; 68%) sendo seis exclusivas e, por fim, a Floresta Ombrófila Densa (= Floresta Atlântica s.s.) com 33 espécies (62%) e somente três exclusivas. O grau de conhecimento foi estimado a partir do Método dos Quadrantes em um gradil de 30' latitude x 30' de longitude, obtendo-se 93 quadrículas. Desse total, 53% (49 quadrículas) não apresentaram nenhuma ocorrência de morcegos e a média de espécies por quadrícula foi de 3,4, riqueza muito abaixo da considerada como satisfatória para o Estado, que é de 24 espécies. Somente três quadrículas ultrapassaram e estimativa satisfatória: duas na região leste (Curitiba) e uma ao norte (Londrina). Aproximadamente 2/3 do território paranaense foi considerado como insuficientemente conhecido e classificado como "áreas de altíssima prioridade" para novos levantamentos, por apresentar uma fauna inferior a 11 espécies.