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O sistema imunológico é formado por um conjunto de células que protege o organismo contra patógenos e outros agentes estranhos. A imunidade pode atuar de maneira correta e eficaz, entretanto é necessário o consumo adequado de alimentos que têm como função fortalecer e regular o sistema imunológico. Dessa forma, questiona-se: qual o conhecimento dos estudantes universitários de uma faculdade em Sete Lagoas/MG acerca dos alimentos, fontes de vitaminas A, C, D, zinco, glutamina e ômega-3, como nutrientes reguladores na manutenção do sistema imune? Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva e exploratória, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, realizada com 50 acadêmicos matriculados em uma faculdade localizada em Sete Lagoas/MG. Dos entrevistados, a maioria reconheceu os grupos de alimentos que possuíam os nutrientes estudados: vitamina A (76%), vitamina C e D (70%), zinco (52%), glutamina e ômega-3 (76%). Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria dos estudantes universitários (84%) apresentou conhecimento acerca da relação entre os nutrientes e suas ações regulatórias no sistema imune. Conclui-se que é importante a pesquisa de temáticas como esta, no sentido de informar e conscientizar os indivíduos sobre os benefícios da ingestão de vitaminas e minerais e sua relação com a manutenção do sistema imune, a fim de influenciar em melhores escolhas alimentares.
The immune system is made up of a set of cells that protect the body against pathogens and other foreign agents. Immunity can act correctly and effectively, however, adequate consumption of foods that have the function of strengthening and regulating the immune system is necessary. Thus, the question is: what is the knowledge of academics from a college in Minas Gerais about food, sources of vitamins A, C, D, zinc, glutamine and omega-3 as regulatory nutrients in the maintenance of the immune system? This is a descriptive and exploratory study, through field research, carried out with 50 academics enrolled in a college located in a municipality of Minas Gerais. Of the respondents, most recognized the food groups that had the nutrients studied: vitamin A (76%), vitamin C and D (70%), zinc (52%), glutamine and omega-3 (76%). The results showed that most academics (84%) had accurate knowledge of the relationship between nutrients and their regulatory actions in the immune system. It is concluded that it is important to research topics such as these, in order to inform and make individuals aware of the benefits of the intake of vitamins and minerals and their relationship with the maintenance of the immune system, in order to influence better food choices.
El sistema inmunológico está formado por un conjunto de células que protegen al organismo contra patógenos y otros agentes extraños. La inmunidad puede actuar de forma correcta y efectiva, sin embargo, es necesario consumir alimentos adecuados cuya función sea fortalecer y regular el sistema inmunológico. Por lo tanto, surge la pregunta: ¿qué conocimiento tienen los estudiantes universitarios de una facultad de Sete Lagoas/MG sobre alimentos, fuentes de vitaminas A, C, D, zinc, glutamina y omega-3, como nutrientes reguladores en el mantenimiento del sistema inmunológico? Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, a través de investigación de campo, realizado con 50 académicos matriculados en una facultad ubicada en Sete Lagoas/MG. De los entrevistados, la mayoría reconoció los grupos de alimentos que contenían los nutrientes estudiados: vitamina A (76%), vitamina C y D (70%), zinc (52%), glutamina y omega-3 (76%). Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios (84%) tenía conocimiento sobre la relación entre los nutrientes y sus acciones reguladoras sobre el sistema inmunológico. Se concluye que es importante investigar temas como este, con el fin de informar y concientizar a los individuos sobre los beneficios de la ingesta de vitaminas y minerales y su relación con el mantenimiento del sistema inmunológico, para incidir en mejores elecciones alimentarias.
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Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe complications that can occur in infections caused by any Plasmodium species. Due to the high lethality rate and the lack of specific treatment for ALI/ARDS, studies aimed at understanding and searching for treatment strategies for such complications have been fundamental. Here, we investigated the protective role of dietary supplementation with DHA-rich fish oil against lung damage induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA in a murine model. Our results demonstrated that alveolar vascular damage, lung edema, and histopathological alterations were significantly reduced in mice that received dietary supplementation compared to those that did not receive the supplementation. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes, in addition to reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also observed. High levels of IL-10, but not of TNF-α and IFN-γ, were also observed in infected mice that received the supplementation, along with a reduction in local oxidative stress. Together, the data suggest that dietary supplementation with DHA-rich fish oil in malarial endemic areas may help reduce lung damage resulting from the infection, thus preventing worsening of the condition.
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Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos , Malária , Plasmodium berghei , Animais , Plasmodium berghei/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/parasitologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/prevenção & controle , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Interleucina-10 , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Introdução:O envelhecimento da população está associado ao aumento da prevalência de demências, incluindo a doença de Alzheimer. O diagnóstico precoce é crucial para intervenções terapêuticas eficazes. Estudos recentes investigam o impacto da suplementação de ácidosgraxos ômega-3 na função cognitiva de idosos, devido à falta de tratamentos farmacológicos conhecidos para prevenir ou retardar o início da demência. Objetivo:Analisar os resultados de diversos estudos sobre a suplementação de ácidos graxos ômega-3 na função cognitiva de idosos. Metodologia:Revisão integrativa da literatura a partir das bases de dados BVS, PubMed e Scielo nos últimos dez anos (2013-2023), a partir dos descritores: (Fatty Acids, Omega-3) AND (Cognitive Aging) sem restrição quanto ao idioma e de acesso livre. Foram identificados 107 artigos, dos quais, 32 foram analisados e 14 utilizados nesta revisão. Resultados:O ômega-3, encontrado em peixes e oleaginosas, está associado à saúdecognitiva, especialmente os componentes EPA e DHA. Fatoresgenéticos, como o gene APO E4, podem influenciar sua eficácia na prevenção de doenças como Alzheimer. Estudos variam sobre seus benefícios na cognição em idosos, com resultados mistos. Conclusões:Os estudos revisados apresentam achados divergentes sobre os efeitos da suplementação de ácidos graxos ômega-3 na função cognitiva de idosos. Enquanto alguns sugerem benefícios, outros não identificam diferenças significativas (AU).
Introduction:The aging population is associated with an increased prevalence of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective therapeutic interventions. Recent studies are investigating the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the cognitive function of older adults, due to the lack of known pharmacological treatments to prevent or delay dementia onset. Objective:To analyze the results of various studies on omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the cognitive function of older adults. Methodology:Integrative literature review from the databases BVS, PubMed, and Scielo in the last ten years (2013-2023), using the descriptors: (Fatty Acids, Omega-3) AND (Cognitive Aging) with no language restrictions and open access. A total of 107 articles were identified, of which 32 were analyzed, and 14 were used in this review. Results:Omega-3, found in fish and nuts, is associated with cognitive health, especially the EPA and DHA components. Genetic factors, such as the APO E4 gene, may influence its effectiveness in preventing diseases like Alzheimer's. Studies vary on its benefits in cognition in older adults, with mixed results. Conclusions:The reviewed studies present conflicting findings on the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the cognitive function of older adults. While some suggest benefits, others do not identify significant differences (AU).
Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población está asociado con un aumento en la prevalencia de demencia, incluida la enfermedad de Alzheimer. El diagnóstico temprano es crucial para intervenciones terapéuticas efectivas. Estudios recientes investigan el impacto de la suplementación de ácidos grasos omega-3 en la función cognitiva de adultos mayores, debido a la falta de tratamientos farmacológicos conocidos para prevenir o retrasar el inicio de la demencia. Objetivo:Analizar los resultados de diversos estudios sobre lasuplementación de ácidos grasos omega-3 en la función cognitiva de adultos mayores. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos BVS, PubMed y Scielo en los últimos diez años (2013-2023), utilizando los descriptores: (Ácidos Grasos Omega-3) Y (Envejecimiento Cognitivo) sin restricciones de idioma y de acceso abierto. Se identificaron un total de 107 artículos, de los cuales se analizaron 32 y se utilizaron 14 en esta revisión. Resultados: El omega-3, presente en pescados y frutos secos, está asociado con la salud cognitiva, especialmente los componentes EPA y DHA. Factores genéticos, como el gen APO E4, pueden influir en su eficacia para prevenir enfermedades como el Alzheimer. Los estudios varían en cuanto a sus beneficios en la cognición en adultos mayores, con resultados mixtos. Conclusiones:Los estudios revisados presentan hallazgos contradictorios sobre los efectos de la suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 en la función cognitiva de adultos mayores. Mientras que algunos sugieren beneficios, otros no identifican diferencias significativas (AU).
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Saúde do Idoso , Suplementos Nutricionais , Envelhecimento Cognitivo , Diagnóstico PrecoceRESUMO
Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are widely investigated for their anti-inflammatory potential, however, there is little evidence regarding their action in the lung parenchyma in the context of obesity. The objective is to investigate the effects of flaxseed oil (FS), rich in α-linolenic (C18:3 - ω3), on the lungs of obese mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, a part of these animals received HF containing FS oil for another 8 weeks. The HF consumption induced weight gain and hyperglycemia. The lung parenchyma shows a complete fatty acids profile, compared to the control group (CT). In the lung parenchyma, FS increases the ω3 content and, notwithstanding a reduction in the interleukins (IL) IL1ß and IL18 contents compared to HF. However, FS promoted increased alveolar spaces, followed by MCP1 (Monocytes Chemoattractant Protein-1) positive cell infiltration and a dramatic reduction in the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10. Despite reducing the pulmonary inflammatory response, the consumption of a food source of ω3 was associated with alterations in the lipid profile and histoarchitecture of the lung parenchyma, which can lead to the development of pulmonary complications. This study brings an alert against the indiscriminate use of ω3 supplements, warranting caution.
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Dieta Hiperlipídica , Óleo de Semente do Linho , Pulmão , Obesidade , Animais , Óleo de Semente do Linho/farmacologia , Óleo de Semente do Linho/administração & dosagem , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos , Camundongos Obesos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) shows a rewired metabolism featuring increased fatty acid uptake and synthesis via de novo lipogenesis, both sharply related to mitochondrial physiology. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that exerts its antitumoral properties via different mechanisms, but its specific action on mitochondria in PCa is not clear. Therefore, we investigated whether the DHA modulates mitochondrial function in PCa cell lines. METHODS: Here, we evaluated mitochondrial function of non-malignant PNT1A and the castration-resistant (CRPC) prostate 22Rv1 and PC3 cell lines in response to DHA incubation. For this purpose, we used Seahorse extracellular flux assay to assess mitochondria function, [14C]-glucose to evaluate its oxidation as well as its contribution to fatty acid synthesis, 1H-NMR for metabolite profile determination, MitoSOX for superoxide anion production, JC-1 for mitochondrial membrane polarization, mass spectrometry for determination of phosphatidylglycerol levels and composition, staining with MitoTracker dye to assess mitochondrial morphology under super-resolution in addition to Transmission Electron Microscopy, In-Cell ELISA for COX-I and SDH-A protein expression and flow cytometry (Annexin V and 7-AAD) for cell death estimation. RESULTS: In all cell lines DHA decreased basal respiratory activity, ATP production, and the spare capacity in mitochondria. Also, the omega-3 induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization, ROS overproduction and changes in membrane phosphatidylglycerol composition. In PNT1A, DHA led to mitochondrial fragmentation and it increased glycolysis while in cancer cells it stimulated glucose oxidation, but decreased de novo lipogenesis specifically in 22Rv1, indicating a metabolic shift. In all cell lines, DHA modulated several metabolites related to energy metabolism and it was incorporated in phosphatidylglycerol, a precursor of cardiolipin, increasing the unsaturation index in the mitochondrial membrane. Accordingly, DHA triggered cell death mainly in PNT1A and 22Rv1. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, mitochondrial metabolism is significantly affected by the PUFA supplementation to the point that cells are not able to proliferate or survive under DHA-enriched condition. Moreover, combination of DHA supplementation with inhibition of metabolism-related pathways, such as de novo lipogenesis, may be synergistic in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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1. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different dietary omega 6:3 ratios fed to male and female Japanese quail breeders on incubation performance, chick quality and progeny performance.2. A completely randomised design was used, with five diets containing different ratios of vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid (LA from soybean oil) or α-linolenic acid (ALA from linseed oil) with LA/ALA ratios of 13.75:1, 10.69:1, 7.63:1, 4.57:1 and 1.48:1 with 12 cage replicates containing six birds each.3. There was a quadratic effect of the LA/ALA ratio on total hatchability (p < 0.011), fertile hatchability (p = 0.046) and total mortality (p = 0.046). There was no effect on fertility (p > 0.05). The LA/ALA ratios of 1.48 and 13.75 fed to both hens and cockerels or hens resulted in greater fertility, as measured by the number of days after copulation during which fertile eggs were laid and the number of points of hydrolysis on the perivitelline membrane. A decreasing linear effect (p < 0.0001) was observed on chick length and an increasing linear effect on body weight at 1 day of age. There were no effects on progeny performance.4. The LA/ALA ratio affected yolk mineral matter (p = 0.009), crude protein (p = 0.091), chick mineral matter (p < 0.038) and ether extract (p < 0.0001) contents. Maternal diet affected the fatty acid profile of egg yolk and chick liver, indicating that dietary contents were transferred to eggs and chicks.5. Fertile egg production increased with lower LA/ALA ratios. Therefore, linseed oil can be used together with soybean oil to formulate diets for female Japanese quail obtain LA/ALA ratios between 4:1 and 10:1.
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Ração Animal , Coturnix , Dieta , Ácido Linoleico , Reprodução , Ácido alfa-Linolênico , Animais , Coturnix/fisiologia , Feminino , Dieta/veterinária , Ração Animal/análise , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/administração & dosagem , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/análise , Masculino , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Linoleico/administração & dosagem , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Óleo de Semente do Linho/administração & dosagem , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3-PUFA) are essential to normal neural development and function. Souvenaid®, a medical supplement that contains n-3-PUFA's: eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has emerged as an alternative, slowing cognitive decline in AD patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, and Souvenaid® in AD patients. AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to establish the relationship between n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, and Souvenaid® with cognitive effects, ventricular volume and adverse events in AD patients. METHODS: A systematic search of randomized control trials (RCT), cohorts, and case-control studies was done in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase for AD adult patients with dietary supplementation with n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, or Souvenaid® between 2003 and 2024. RESULTS: We identified 14 studies with 2766 subjects aligned with our criteria. Most publications described positive cognitive outcomes from supplements (58%). The most common adverse events reported were gastrointestinal symptoms. CDR scale showed reduced progression of cognitive decline (SMD = -0.4127, 95% CI: [-0.5926; -0.2327]), without subgroup differences between different dietary supplement interventions. ADCS-ADL, MMSE, ADAS-cog, adverse events, and ventricular volume did not demonstrate significant differences. However, Souvenaid® showed a significant negative effect (SMD = -0.3593, 95% CI: -0.5834 to -0.1352) in ventricular volumes. CONCLUSIONS: The CDR scale showed reduced progression of cognitive decline among patients with n-3-PUFA supplemental interventions, with no differences between different n-3-PUFA supplements.
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OBJECTIVE: Bisphenol F (BPF) is an endocrinedisrupting chemical, but information about its effect on thyroid hormones has not been fully explored. Omega 3 fatty acids (O3FA), on the other hand, are antioxidant and antiapoptotic agents. Therefore, this study explored the role and associated molecular mechanism of O3FA in BPF-induced hypothyroidism-mediated testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rats. METHODS: Twenty (20) male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=5/group), namely: the control group; the BPF treated group (30 mg/kg of BPF); and the intervention groups (30mg/kg BPF + 100mg/kg O3FA (BPF+O3FA-L) and 30mg/kg BPF + 300mg/kg of O3FA for 28 days). RESULTS: Low and high doses of O3FA ameliorated BPF-induced hypothyroidism-mediated reduction in sperm quality, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and increases in estrogen, malondialdehyde, c-reactive protein, interleukin 1 beta, caspase 3. Furthermore, O3FA prevented BPF-induced Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase dysfunction, estrogen receptor beta overexpression, and tumor protein P53 (p53)/ b-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) imbalance. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that O3FA ameliorated BPF-induced dysthyroidism-mediated testicular dysfunction by preventing proton pump dysfunction and p53/BCl-2 imbalance.
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Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Testículo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Hipotireoidismo/metabolismo , Hipotireoidismo/induzido quimicamente , Hipotireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismoRESUMO
Pregnancy complicated by obesity represents an increased risk of unfavorable perinatal outcomes such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, preterm birth, and impaired fetal growth, among others. Obesity is associated with deficiencies of micronutrients, and pregnant women with obesity may have higher needs. The intrauterine environment in pregnancies complicated with obesity is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, where maternal nutrition and metabolic status have significant influence and are critical in maternal health and in fetal programming of health in the offspring later in life. Comprehensive lifestyle interventions, including intensive nutrition care, are associated with a lower risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Routine supplementation during pregnancy includes folic acid and iron; other nutrient supplementation is recommended for high-risk women or women in low-middle income countries. This study is an open label randomized clinical trial of parallel groups (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000052753, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000060194) to evaluate the effect of an intensive nutrition therapy and nutrient supplementation intervention (folic acid, iron, vitamin D, omega 3 fatty acids, myo-inositol and micronutrients) in pregnant women with obesity on the prevention of GDM, other perinatal outcomes, maternal and newborn nutritional status, and infant growth, adiposity, and neurodevelopment compared to usual care. Given the absence of established nutritional guidelines for managing obesity during pregnancy, there is a pressing need to develop and implement new nutritional programs to enhance perinatal outcomes.
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The long-chain omega-3 fatty acids alpha linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have proven health benefits, but it is not common to find them together in a processed food product. This could lead to healthier and more functional food products, which may have positive implications for consumer health and well-being. This work aimed to fortify a model burger manufactured with fillets of an Amazonian fish (boquichico, Prochilodus nigricans) by adding microencapsulated sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis, rich in ALA) (MSIO) produced by spray-drying. MSIO was incorporated into the burgers at different levels (0, 3, 4, 5, and 6%). The burgers were characterized by their proximal composition, cooking losses, texture profile, lipid oxidation, sensory profile, overall liking, and fatty acid profile. The results showed that adding MSIO up to concentrations of 5% or 6% increased the instrumental hardness, chewiness, and lipid oxidation in the burgers. However, fortifying the burgers with 3% MSIO was possible without affecting the burgers' sensory properties and overall liking. Regarding the fatty acid profile, the burgers with 3% MSIO had a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with the ALA, EPA, and DHA types of fatty acids. Therefore, we recommend using this fortification concentration, but future studies should be carried out to improve the oxidative stability of MSIO and the burgers.
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Reports addressing the effects of oily fish intake on bone health are inconsistent. This study shows that consumption of ≥ 5.2 oily fish servings/week (728 g) is associated with lower prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis in elderly women of Amerindian ancestry. Results suggest a beneficial effect of oily fish intake in this population. OBJECTIVES: Oily fish is a major dietary source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and other nutrients that may have a positive effect on bone health. However, this association is inconsistent and seems to be more evident in certain ethnic groups. We aimed to assess the association between oily fish intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in frequent fish consumers of Amerindian ancestry living in rural Ecuador. METHODS: This study included 399 individuals aged ≥ 60 years living in three neighboring rural villages of coastal Ecuador. Dietary oily fish intake was quantified systematically using validated surveys and BMD was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Ordinal logistic regression models, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, were fitted to assess the independent association between oily fish intake and bone health. RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 68.8 ± 6.8 years, and 58% were women. The mean intake of oily fish was 8.5 ± 4.7 servings/week, with 308 (77%) reporting high fish intake (≥ 5.2 servings/week [728 g]). Ninety-four (24%) participants had normal BMD T-scores, 149 (37%) had osteopenia, and 156 (39%) had osteoporosis. Ordinal logistic regression models showed no association between high fish intake and bone health in the total population. When men and women were analyzed separately, the association became significant for women only in both unadjusted (OR: 2.52; 95% C.I.: 1.22 - 5.23) and fully-adjusted models (OR: 2.23; 95% C.I.: 1.03 - 4.81). CONCLUSION: Consumption of ≥ 5.2 oily fish servings/week is associated with lower prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in elderly women of Amerindian ancestry.
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Densidade Óssea , Idoso , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Absorciometria de Fóton , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Equador/epidemiologia , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Peixes , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Osteoporose/etnologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Alimentos MarinhosRESUMO
Breast cancer (BC) presents a growing global concern, mainly for the female population of working age. Their pathophysiology shows challenges when attempting to ensure conventional treatment efficacy without adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magneto-hyperthermia (MHT) therapy associated with supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (w-3 PUFA) and engagement in physical training (PT) for the triple-negative BC (TNBC) model. First, we assessed the physicochemical properties of iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) in biological conditions, as well as their heating potential for MHT therapy. Then, a bioluminescence (BLI) evaluation of the best tumor growth conditions in the TNBC model (the quantity of implanted cells and time), as well as the efficacy of MHT therapy (5 consecutive days) associated with the previous administration of 8 weeks of w-3 PUFA and PT, was carried out. The results showed the good stability and potential of ION for MHT using 300 Gauss and 420 kHz. In the TNBC model, adequate tumor growth was observed after 14 days of 2 × 106 cells implantation by BLI. There was a delay in tumor growth in animals that received w-3 and PT and a significant decrease associated with MHT. This pioneering combination therapy approach (MHT, omega-3, and exercise) showed a positive effect on TNBC tumor reduction and demonstrated promise for pre-clinical and clinical studies in the future.
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OBJECTIVES: Montelukast is a well-known leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used in treating allergic rhinitis and asthma. Omega-3 fatty acid is also known as an antiallergic and immunomodulator molecule. This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of systemic montelukast and omega-3 fatty acid treatment in allergic rhinitis models in Wistar Hannover rats. METHODS: This research was conducted on 28 healthy Wistar Hannover rats weighing 250-350â¯g. After establishing the allergic rhinitis model, nasal symptoms were observed and scored, and the nasal mucosa of all rats was investigated histologically. Light microscopy was utilized to evaluate the degree of ciliary loss, goblet cell hyperplasia, vascular congestion, vascular proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil infiltration, and hypertrophy in chondrocytes. RESULTS: As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the study, it was determined that typical allergic rhinitis symptoms such as nasal scratching and sneezing were significantly reduced in the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 treated group, and these symptoms did not increase after repeated intranasal OVA-protease applications. Histological examinations after fish oil treatment did not reveal typical inflammatory changes in allergic rhinitis. None of the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 groups had any increase in goblet cells, whereas 14.3% of the rats in the control group and 28.6% of the rats in the allergic rhinitis group had mild increase. Last but not least, 71.4% of rats in the allergic rhinitis group had a moderate increase. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (pâ¯<â¯0.001). CONCLUSION: Regarding the outcomes of this research, it was observed that w-3 fatty acids had antiallergic effects, both histopathological and clinical, in the allergic rhinitis model. We believe that further randomized controlled trials incorporating larger cohorts are warranted to verify the use of omega-3 fatty acids in treating allergic rhinitis. The level of evidence of this article is Level 2.
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Acetatos , Ciclopropanos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Óleos de Peixe , Antagonistas de Leucotrienos , Ovalbumina , Quinolinas , Ratos Wistar , Rinite Alérgica , Sulfetos , Animais , Ciclopropanos/uso terapêutico , Sulfetos/uso terapêutico , Acetatos/uso terapêutico , Quinolinas/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Rinite Alérgica/tratamento farmacológico , Rinite Alérgica/patologia , Ratos , Antagonistas de Leucotrienos/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Mucosa Nasal/patologia , Mucosa Nasal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Previous studies provided evidence of the benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) on the cardiovascular system and inflammation. However, its possible effect on skeletal muscle is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether ω-3 PUFA reverses the dysregulation of metabolic modulators in the skeletal muscle of rats on a high-fat obesogenic diet. For this purpose, an animal model was developed using male Wistar rats with a high-fat diet (HFD) and subsequently supplemented with ω-3 PUFA. Insulin resistance was assessed, and gene and protein expression of metabolism modulators in skeletal muscle was also calculated using PCR-RT and Western blot. Our results confirmed that in HFD rats, zoometric parameters and insulin resistance were increased compared to SD rats. Furthermore, we demonstrate reduced gene and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and insulin signaling molecules. After ω-3 PUFA supplementation, we observed that glucose (24.34%), triglycerides (35.78%), and HOMA-IR (40.10%) were reduced, and QUICKI (12.16%) increased compared to HFD rats. Furthermore, in skeletal muscle, we detected increased gene and protein expression of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (ISR-1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4). These findings suggest that ω-3 PUFAs decrease insulin resistance of obese skeletal muscle.
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BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is a severe genetic disorder, and searching for therapeutic strategies is indispensable for prolonged and improved life for people affected by this condition. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative systematic review aimed to highlight the therapeutic potential of omega- 3 (n-3) in people with sickle cell disease. METHODS: The search was performed by combining sickle cell disease and n-3 descriptors in DeCS/ MeSH databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library. The risk of bias assessment in the primary studies was performed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials. The evidence quality was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. RESULTS: From the 187 records identified, seven were selected for data collection. Based on the evidence, n-3 supplementation contributes to lower activation of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, improves the concentration of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids in the erythrocyte membrane, provides better hemostatic response, and helps in vaso-occlusive crisis, pain episodes, and hospitalization reduction. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that n-3 adjuvant therapy favors the clinical and general aspects of people with sickle cell disease.
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This study aimed to formulate burgers made from three Amazonian fish species: pacu (Pyaractus brachypomus), boquichico (Prochilodus nigricans), and bujurqui (Chaetobranchus flavescens), focusing on sodium reduction and fortification with fish oil microparticles (FOM) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The proximal composition, sodium and calcium content, instrumental texture profile, fatty acid profile, sensory profile, and overall liking were evaluated. Differences in proximal composition and fatty acid profiles between the fillets were reflected in the burgers. Fortification with FOM increased EPA and DHA in the burgers; thus, they can be considered "high in omega-3 fatty acids" and reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio below 4. There were sensory attributes that could be related to lipid oxidation but reduced overall liking for less than 10% of consumers. Nevertheless, certain sensory attributes (grilled, characteristic, aromatic, tasty, tender, and juicy) had a positive impact on the overall liking of more than 20% of consumers, yielding adequate scores (between 5.60 and 5.71) on the 9-point hedonic scale. The production process must be optimized by knowing the fish fillet quality in depth, improving the FOM and burgers' oxidative stability, and achieving an adequate sensory and hedonic profile by employing consumers' vocabulary to characterize new products.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The development of severe COVID-19 is related to the preexistence of comorbidities and an inadequate nutritional status. The latter is a critical factor for the development of infection and the progression of the disease. Notably, optimal nutrition impacts immune system function, as malnutrition is related to high cytokine levels in the late phase of the disease, correlating with a poor prognosis. In this sense, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. O3FAs are linked to a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we evaluate the administration of O3FAs to unvaccinated Mexican patients for two weeks starting after the first two hours of hospitalization. RESULTS: The findings support the notion that O3FAs (in a dose high enough to satisfy human physiological requirements in a short time, one capsule of 1.4 g O3FAs daily) exert a comprehensive multi-systemic modulatory influence, affecting inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Significant perturbations in biomarkers, including absolute neutrophil count, hematocrit, and platelet indices, underscore the compound's anti-inflammatory effect. Concurrently, the intervention modulates pivotal metabolic and hepatic parameters, attenuating cardiovascular risk profiles and expediting patient convalescence. These multifarious effects are likely orchestrated through intricate biochemical mechanisms and are subject to individual variations predicated on metabolic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this trial support the notion that O3FA supplementation has beneficial effects on COVID-19 patients with moderate presentation by regulating metabolism and limiting inflammation.
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This study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and aortic morphometric effects of fish oil rich in omega-3 in hypercholesterolemic BALB/c mice. This is an experimental model that included 16 male BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) divided into three groups (G1 (standard commercial chow and 0.9% saline solution), G2 (hypercholesterolemic diet and 0.9% saline solution) and G3 (hypercholesterolemic diet and fish oil)) for 8 weeks. There was no significant difference in the treatment with omega-3-rich fish oil in the lipid profile (p > 0.05). In the histological analysis, group G2 detected the presence of hepatitis and liver tissue necrosis, but this was not observed in group G3. As for the morphometry in the light area of the vessel, the G1 group had a higher score (2.62 ± 0.36 mm2) when compared to G2 (2.10 ± 0.16 mm2) and G3 (2.26 ± 0.25 mm2) (p < 0.05). The vessel wall thickness did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05). It is concluded that supplementation with fish oil rich in omega-3 carried out in this study may have a protective effect on liver tissue, but it has not yet improved the lipid and morphometric profile. Despite this research being preliminary, it is a relevant study with future prospects for improving the doses of EPA and DHA in order to better elucidate the benefits of fish oil in models of dyslipidemia.
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Periodontitis is an oral-cavity inflammatory disease and is the principal cause associated with tooth loss. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are important proteases involved in periodontal tissue destruction. The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) have been demonstrated to possess immunoregulatory properties in periodontitis. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ω-3 PUFA on inflammation and on the expression of MMP-2 and -9 in a murine periodontitis model. Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control mice (Control), control mice treated with ω-3 PUFA (O3), mice with periodontitis (P), and mice with periodontitis treated with ω-3 PUFA (P + O3). ω-3 PUFA were administered orally once a day for 70 days. Periodontitis in mice was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected ligature placement around the second maxillary molar. The mice were sacrificed, and blood and maxillary samples were collected. Flow cytometry was used to quantify tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-gamma. Histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry for MMP-2 and -9 were performed. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test. Histological analysis showed that ω-3 PUFA supplementation prevented inflammation and tissue destruction and revealed that bone destruction was more extensive in the P group than in the P + O3 group (p < 0.05). Also, it decreased the serum expressions of TNFα and IL-2 and the tissue expression of MMP-2 and -9 in the periodontitis-induced model (p < 0.05). ω-3 PUFA supplementation prevented alveolar bone loss and periodontal destruction, probably by decreasing the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and its immunoregulatory properties.
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Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Periodontite , Camundongos , Masculino , Animais , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Periodontite/prevenção & controle , Periodontite/metabolismo , Inflamação , Dieta , Porphyromonas gingivalisRESUMO
Resumo Inúmeros estudos têm se detido na avaliação da associação entre o excesso de peso pré-gestacional e os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. Todavia, diante da complexidade de fatores de risco potencialmente confundidores, é recomendável a utilização de ferramentas gráficas para identificar possíveis vieses. O objetivo deste artigo é propor um modelo teórico de causalidade utilizando o gráfico acíclico direcionado entre o excesso de peso pré-gestacional e os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. Foi realizada ampla revisão da literatura para identificar as variáveis com relações causais com a exposição e/ou desfecho. A escolha das variáveis para ajuste seguiu o algoritmo gráfico que compreende seis critérios para a seleção de um conjunto mínimo de variáveis potencialmente confundidoras. Condições socioeconômicas, intervalo interpartal, idade materna e padrão de consumo alimentar foram as variáveis ajustadas a fim de se estimar o efeito total do excesso de peso pré-gestacional sobre o conteúdo dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados no leite humano. O conjunto mínimo de variáveis encontrado pelo presente estudo pode ser utilizado na análise de outros estudos que avaliem essa associação.
Abstract A number of studies have focused on the evaluation of the relationship between pre-pregnancy overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. However, given the complexity of potentially confounding risk factors, the use of graphical tools is recommended to identify possible biases. This article aims to propose a theoretical model of causality using the directed acyclic graph between pre-pregnancy overweight and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. Methods: An extensive literature review was performed to identify variables with causal relationships with exposure and/or outcome. The choice of variables for adjustment followed the graphic algorithm that comprises six criteria for selecting a minimum set of potentially confounding variables. Socioeconomic conditions, interpartum interval, maternal age and food consumption pattern were the variables that would have to be adjusted in order to estimate the total effect of pre-pregnancy overweight on polyunsaturated fatty acids content in human milk. The minimum set of variables found in the present study can be used in the analysis of other studies that evaluate this association.