RESUMO
The detection of an adnexal mass by ultrasound is the starting point of a long way of anxiety for the gynecological patient. Ovarian cancer is one of the most frequent gynecological neoplasms in the world; 75% of ovarian cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages (III or IV), when 5-year survival does not exceed 10%. Multiple attempts have been done to unify criteria of ovarian cancer screening, and no consensus has been achieved. Combined methods have been described, including gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound screening, that consider quantitative scores to evaluate the risk of cancer in ovarian tumors. Despite its increasing predictive value, this method is not frequently used by gynecological diagnostic units in our country. The International Tumor Analysis Group (IOTA) has developed and validated predictive models based on multicenter data series with measurements and standardized data collection that have achieved predictable and quite acceptable estimation of malignant pathology. Considering the high rate of false positivity with current methods, it is important to improve the rate of ultrasound detection of pathologies for correct derivation and surgical oncologic approach as required.
La detección de una masa anexial durante una sonografía es el punto de partida de un largo camino de ansiedad para las pacientes en ginecología. El cáncer de ovario es una de las neoplasias ginecológicas más frecuentes en el mundo. El 75% de los cánceres de ovario es diagnosticado en estadios avanzados (III o IV), cuya sobrevida a los 5 años no sobrepasa el 10% en promedio. Se han realizado múltiples intentos para unificar el cribado clínico del cáncer ovárico, sin haberse logrado consenso para la pesquisa de esta enfermedad. Los métodos combinados incluyen la ecografía en escala de grises y la flujometría Doppler, que consideran puntuaciones cuantitativas para evaluar el riesgo de cáncer en los tumores ováricos. A pesar de su creciente valor predictivo, este método no es usado frecuentemente por las unidades de diagnóstico de ginecología en el país. El International Tumor Analysis Group (IOTA) ha desarrollado y validado modelos predictivos basados en series de datos multicéntricos con mediciones y recolección de información estandarizada que han logrado un nivel de predicción de patología maligna bastante aceptable. Considerando la alta tasa de falsos positivos de los actuales métodos, es importante mejorar la tasa de detección sonográfica de esta patología para una correcta derivación y abordaje quirúrgico con enfoque oncológico, cuando el caso lo requiera.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the diagnostic evaluation of adnexal tumours is to exclude the possibility of malignancy. The malignancy risk index II identifies patients at high risk for ovarian cancer. The cut-off value is greater than 200. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of malignancy risk index II in post-menopausal women with adnexal tumours in relation to the histopathological results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 138 women with an adnexal mass were studied. The malignancy risk index II was determined in all of them. They were divided into two groups according to the histopathology results; 69 patients with benign tumours and 69 patients with malignant tumours. A diagnostic test type analysis was performed with respect to the results of malignancy risk index II ≤ 200 or greater than this. RESULTS: The percentages and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The accuracy was 81.8% (75.5-88.3), sensitivity 76.8% (66.9-86.7), specificity 87% (79.1-94.9), with a positive predictive value of 85.5% (76.7-94.3), and a negative predictive value of 78.9% (69.7-88.1). The positive likelihood ratio was 590, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.266. CONCLUSIONS: The malignancy risk index II has good performance in the proper classification of post-menopausal women with adnexal masses, both benign and malignant, with an accuracy of 81.8%.