RESUMO
La técnica Meek es útil en pacientes con sitios donantes limitados, ya que es relativamente eficiente en cuanto a la expansión de la piel; llegando a expandirse hasta 9 veces en comparación al tamaño original, se realizó la evaluación de la cicatrización entre dos técnicas de expansión de tejidos de 1:3 veces entre la técnica Meek y la técnica mallado convencional. Cabe destacar que, con los avances de la bioingeniería, la técnica Meek se integra como un método completo para el tratamiento de autoinjertos. Presentamos un caso de un paciente varón de 34 años con una enfermedad infecciosa poli bacteriana "fascitis necrotizante"; con pérdida de tejidos que comprometen el tórax, abdomen y región inguino perineal, con un 14% de superficie corporal total comprometida. En la valoración cualitativa con la escala de Vancouver y POSAS se observaron mejores resultados de cicatrización con la técnica Meek.
The Meek technique is useful in patients with limited donor sites. It is a relatively efficient technique due to its ability to expand the skin up to nine times its original size. Scarring was assessed using two tissue expansion techniques, i.e. the Meek technique and the conventional mesh technique, which achieved an expansion ratio of 1:3. It should be noted that, with advances in bioengineering, the Meek technique is integrated as a complete method for autografting.1,2 We present the case of a 34-year-old male patient with a polymicrobial infectious disease called "necrotizing fasciitis". He had lost tissues of the thorax, abdomen and inguinal-perineal region, affecting 14% of his total body surface area. A qualitative assessment using the Vancouver scale and the Patient Objective Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) showed better scarring results with the Meek technique
RESUMO
Garengeot's hernia corresponds to the presence of the appendix within a femoral hernia, associated or not with acute appendicitis. The diagnosis of this uncommon situation is usually done during surgery. Furthermore, the clinical presentation as necrotizing fasciitis is a rare condition. We report a 54 years old obese hypertensive woman with rheumatoid arthritis of 40 years of evolution treated with methotrexate and prednisone. She consulted for pain and erythema in the right inguinal region. Laboratory revealed leukocytosis and an elevated C-reactive Protein. Suspecting a cellulitis, the patient was admitted for antimicrobial therapy. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a perforated acute appendicitis in an inguinal hernia with extensive pelvic cellulitis associated with signs of fasciitis. At surgery, an extensive groin and pubic fasciitis was evident, with a necrotic and perforated appendix within a femoral hernia. Surgical debridement, open appendectomy, and femoral hernioplasty without mesh were carried out. Vacuum-assisted closure was installed in the coverage defect. Three surgical debridement procedures were required for the closure of the wound. Two weeks after the first surgical procedure, the patient was discharged in good condition. During the follow-up, she evolved with a surgical wound dehiscence, which was managed with wound dressings until closure.
Assuntos
Apendicite/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico , Hérnia Femoral/diagnóstico , Hérnia Inguinal/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Apendicectomia , Apendicite/complicações , Apendicite/cirurgia , Fasciite Necrosante/complicações , Fasciite Necrosante/cirurgia , Feminino , Hérnia Femoral/complicações , Hérnia Femoral/cirurgia , Hérnia Inguinal/complicações , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicaçõesRESUMO
Garengeot's hernia corresponds to the presence of the appendix within a femoral hernia, associated or not with acute appendicitis. The diagnosis of this uncommon situation is usually done during surgery. Furthermore, the clinical presentation as necrotizing fasciitis is a rare condition. We report a 54 years old obese hypertensive woman with rheumatoid arthritis of 40 years of evolution treated with methotrexate and prednisone. She consulted for pain and erythema in the right inguinal region. Laboratory revealed leukocytosis and an elevated C-reactive Protein. Suspecting a cellulitis, the patient was admitted for antimicrobial therapy. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a perforated acute appendicitis in an inguinal hernia with extensive pelvic cellulitis associated with signs of fasciitis. At surgery, an extensive groin and pubic fasciitis was evident, with a necrotic and perforated appendix within a femoral hernia. Surgical debridement, open appendectomy, and femoral hernioplasty without mesh were carried out. Vacuum-assisted closure was installed in the coverage defect. Three surgical debridement procedures were required for the closure of the wound. Two weeks after the first surgical procedure, the patient was discharged in good condition. During the follow-up, she evolved with a surgical wound dehiscence, which was managed with wound dressings until closure.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Apendicite/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico , Hérnia Femoral/diagnóstico , Hérnia Inguinal/diagnóstico , Apendicectomia , Apendicite/cirurgia , Apendicite/complicações , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Doença Aguda , Fasciite Necrosante/cirurgia , Fasciite Necrosante/complicações , Hérnia Femoral/cirurgia , Hérnia Femoral/complicações , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Hérnia Inguinal/complicações , Obesidade/complicaçõesRESUMO
La gangrena de Fournier es una fascitis necrosante polimicrobiana que afecta el periné, el escroto y/o el área perianal con una tasa de mortalidad actual del 20% al 40%. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los factores pronósticos de mortalidad reportados en la literatura mundial, para lo cual se realizó la búsqueda de artículos indexados en Medline, utilizando los respectivos términos MeSH para la búsqueda, así como una búsqueda manual de las referencias encontradas en los artículos primarios. Se reportan diversos factores con significación estadística; sin embargo, el índice de Laor predomina como herramienta de mayor significación a la hora de determinar la mortalidad de los pacientes.
Fournier gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis caused by facultative microorganisms that affects the perineal area, the scrotum or the perianal area. It has a 20% to 40% mortality. We performed a literature review to determine its determinants of mortality. Among all factors, the Laor index (which includes temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, serum sodium, potassium and creatine, blood leukocyte count, packed red cell volume and bicarbonate) predominates as the best tool to assess mortality risk.
Assuntos
Humanos , Gangrena de Fournier/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Risco , Gangrena de Fournier/fisiopatologia , Gangrena de Fournier/patologiaRESUMO
Aim: The aim of this study is to report the results of a series of patients diagnosed with Fourniers gangrene underwent surgical debridement plus broad-spectrum antibiotics in the emergency department of the Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau (HBLT) between 2009 and 2013, in terms of mortality associated with the disease. Material and Methods: Between 2009 and 2013, a case series of patients with diagnosis of Fourniers gangrene treated in the Emergency Department of the Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau. The outcome variable was mortality attributed to the disease (MAD). Other variables were: age, sex, comorbidities, focus of origin, waiting time for antibiotic treatment and surgery to start, number of surgical debridement and agents isolated from cultures. Descriptive statistics were used, with calculation of measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: During the study period, 56 patients were identified with diagnosis of Fourniers gangrene (60.7 percent were male) with a mean age of 52 years (23-75 years old). The MAD was 48.2 percent. The most common comorbidity was diabetes (66.6 percent). The more prevalent focus of origin was anorectal pathology (42.9 percent). The average waiting time from diagnosis to initiation of antibiotic therapy and surgery was 40 minutes (15-80) and 580 minutes (20-4320), respectively. The required surgical debridement average was 4. Isolated on the intraoperative tissue cultures agent was E. coli (51.8 percent). Conclusion: Mortality attributable to Fourniers gangrene is similar to that observed in the literature.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es comunicar los resultados observados en una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de gangrena de Fournier sometidos a aseo quirúrgico con debridamiento más terapia antibiótica de amplio espectro, en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau (HBLT), entre los años 2009 y 2013, en términos de mortalidad asociada a la enfermedad. Material y Método: Serie de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de gangrena de Fournier tratados en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau entre 2009 y 2013. La variable resultado fue mortalidad atribuida a la enfermedad (MAE). Otras variables de interés fueron: edad, sexo, patologías asociadas, foco de origen, tiempo de espera para el inicio del tratamiento antibiótico y cirugía, número de aseos y agentes aislados en los cultivos. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, con cálculo de medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: En el período en estudio se identificaron 56 pacientes con diagnóstico de Gangrena de Fournier (60,7 por ciento eran masculinos), con un promedio de edad de 52 años (23-75 años). La MAE fue 48,2 por ciento. La patología asociada más frecuente fue la diabetes (66,6 por ciento). El foco de origen más prevalente fue la patología anorrectal (42,9 por ciento). El tiempo promedio de espera desde el diagnóstico hasta el inicio de la terapia antibiótica y la cirugía fue de 40 minutos (15-80) y 580 minutos (20-4320) respectivamente. El promedio de aseos requeridos fue de 4. El agente más aislado en los cultivos de tejido intraoperatorio fue Escherichia coli (51,8 por ciento). Conclusión: La mortalidad atribuible a la Gangrena de Fournier es similar a la observada en la literatura.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gangrena de Fournier/cirurgia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Desbridamento , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Fasciite Necrosante , Gangrena de Fournier/microbiologia , Gangrena de Fournier/mortalidade , Gangrena de Fournier/tratamento farmacológico , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
O uso de telas de material aloplástico na cirurgia de reconstrução da parede abdominal é freqüente em casos de trauma, infecção, ressecção de tumores ou até mesmo em necroses por radioterapia2,3,4,5,10,11. Apesar dessa técnica de cobertura ser de uso comum e rotineiro, em alguns casos, uma complicação é a sua exposição 2,5,6,7,8. Os retalhos são utilizados para proporcionar uma cobertura estável da tela exposta 2,3,5,8,9,11,14. Objetivos: esse trabalho descreve 03 casos de cobertura com retalho a ascio cutâneo de exposição de tela de polipropileno(Marlex ®), utilizada em situação da reconstrução de parede abdominal. Métodos: três pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia parare construção da parede abdominal, em 20006, utilizando-se tela de polipropileno (Marlex ®). Todos evoluíram com exposição da tela. Dois eram do sexo masculino e um, do sexo feminino. No grupo masculino, um dos pacientes havia sido submetido à apendicectomia e evoluiu com fasceíte necrotizante. O outro paciente masculino teve reconstrução de parede abdominal decorrente de complicação de cirurgia para resolução de quadro de oclusão intestinal. A paciente do sexo feminino foi submetida à reconstrução da parede abdominal após peritoneostomia secundária à perfuração iatrogênica de intestino, decorrente de cirurgia ginecológica. Resultados: Os dois pacientes masculinos foram submetidos à cobertura da tela de Marlex® exposta, utilizando-seretalho inguinal, sendo que, em um dos casos, houve realização de retalho em um único tempo cirúrgico. No outro, houve reconstrução cirúrgica em dois tempos. A paciente feminina foi submetida à cirurgia com realização de retalho fasciocutâneo tipo abdominoplastia, em tempo cirúrgico único. Todos os três casos evoluíram bem, sem complicações pós-operatórias, tais como infecção ou necrose.
Background: posthetic mesh are used in abdominal wall reconstruction1,11 due to trauma, infection, tumor resection or even radiation necrosis2,3,4,5,10,11. Although this kind of coverage is widely used, exposure of the material used is a complication that is unlikely to happen2,5,6,7,8. Fasciouscutaneous flaps are used to provide a stable coverage of the exposed mesh2,3,5,8,9,11,14. Objective: thisworkdescribestree 3 casesofmes hexposure after abdominal wall reconstruction treated coverage using fasciouscutaneous flap and reviews the literature. Methods: Three patients undergone abdominal wall reconstruction in 2006 using polypropylene mesh (Marlex ®).All of them developed mesh exposure. Two were men and one was a woman. One of the men was submitted to appendicectomy and evoluated with necrotizing fasciitis; the second male patient suffered from bowel occlusion and the female pacient, was submitted to reconstruction after peritoneostomy due to iatrogenic bowel perforation duing a gynecologic procedure. Results: the two male patientsweresubmittedtomeshexposurecoverageusing inguinal flap. One of them was submitted to a one-step surgical act. The second male patient needed a two-step surgical act. The female patient was submitted to reconstruction using a one-step abdominoplasty flap. All of them evoluated well, with no post-surgical complications as infection or flap necrosis. Conclusions: although there are no statistical significancies in the three cases, we can say that fasciocutaneous flaps2,12,14 are a securemethodforcoverageofmeshexposureinprevious abdominal wall reconstruction.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parede Abdominal , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Telas Cirúrgicas , Parede Abdominal/anatomia & histologia , Parede Abdominal/anormalidades , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/patologia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Telas Cirúrgicas/tendênciasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to evaluate uncommon complications following transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy for treatment of vaginal vault prolapse. CASE REPORTS: A series of three patients who developed uncommon complications following sacrospinous fixation are reported. A 64-year-old patient undergoing bilateral sacrospinous colpopexy for the treatment of an ICS stage III vaginal vault prolapse developed a perineal necrotizing infection. Another patient, a 69-year-old woman with total vaginal vault prolapse and anterior vaginal wall defect (ICS stage II), underwent a right transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy and anterior repair, presenting postoperatively with a perineal hernia. The third case consisted of a 71-year-old woman who underwent a right sacrospinous colpopexy with paravaginal repair, rectocele repair, and perineorrhaphy for treatment of an ICS stage III post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse, stage II cystocele secondary to a bilateral paravaginal defect, and a stage II rectocele. Six months later the patient developed a left lateral enterocele, which was successfully repaired with a left sacrospinous ligament fixation. DISCUSSION: Etiological factors and treatment considerations for these uncommon complications of sacrospinous colpopexy are discussed in detail, and prophylactic measures, when applicable, are emphasized.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Prolapso Uterino/cirurgia , Idoso , Infecções Bacterianas/etiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/terapia , Desbridamento , Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/terapia , Feminino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/efeitos adversos , Hérnia/diagnóstico , Hérnia/etiologia , Herniorrafia , Humanos , Histerectomia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Períneo/patologia , Períneo/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Telas Cirúrgicas , Técnicas de Sutura , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Necrotizing gangrene of the genitalia and perineum is a fulminant, life-threatening condition. This infection is usually polymicrobial and may be idiopathic or secondary to local trauma or surgery. Histologically, it is characterized by obliterative endarteritis and thrombosis of the subcutaneous vessels, fascial necrosis, and leukocytic infiltration. Mortality rates of 25-75% have been reported. Most cases of necrotizing gangrene begin insidiously, with scrotal discomfort and malaise. Later, erythema, increasing pain, and swelling, associated with fever and chills, develop. A biopsy is useful to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to obtain culture samples. Ultrasound imaging may reveal gas or testicular involvement and may help to distinguish this infection from other causes of scrotal pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with necrotizing gangrene of the genitalia and perineum, seen at the Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Sections of our Institutions between 1994 and 1999, are described. RESULTS: This series included 11 men (73%) and four women (27%), aged 39-68 years (mean, 51 years). In our series, Clostridium perfingens, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Acinetobacter baumani, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were isolated. Hemodynamic stabilization and monitoring were performed in all patients. Intravenous antimicrobial therapy was promptly instituted. In most cases, two or more drugs were used. Concurrent surgical debridement of all necrotic areas was always required. When needed, split-thickness skin grafts were used to cover the penile shaft. Expanded mesh grafts were used to reconstruct the vulva and other denuded beds. The survival rate in this series was 87%. CONCLUSIONS: Necrotizing gangrene of the genitalia and perineum continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The usual polymicrobial infection with vascular involvement demands hemodynamic stabilization, systemic antimicrobial therapy, and surgical debridement. In some patients, genital, perineal, and abdominal wall reconstruction is also required.