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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among transgender women and travestis and to analyze factors associated with HIV infection in Brazil. METHODS: TransOdara was a cross-sectional study on sexually transmitted infections among transgender women and travestis in five Brazilian cities between 2019 and 2021. Self-identified transgender women and travestis aged ≥18 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling, completed an interviewer-led questionnaire, and provided samples to detect HIV. The outcome was the result of the rapid antigen testing for HIV. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: Overall, this population was found to be especially vulnerable, with high levels of unstable housing and engagement in informal work. They usually resort to transactional sex as their main working activity. Half of them earned less than the Brazilian minimum wage, which characterizes a poor population living in dire conditions. The overall HIV prevalence was 34.40%. In the final model, the variables associated with the HIV prevalence were as follows: to be 31 years old or older, not studying at the moment they were interviewed, to be unemployed, and engaged in lifetime transactional sex. CONCLUSION: We found disproportionately high HIV prevalence among transgender women and travestis, compared with a low prevalence among respective segments of Brazil's general population, which highlights the context of vulnerability in this population. The data point to the urgency for intensification and expansion of access to HIV prevention and strategies to stop discrimination in health care (among other services and contexts) and provide comprehensive services for this population.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of concomitant substance consumption and analyze associated risk factors in a non-probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population of transgender women and travestis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with recruitment via respondent-driven sampling. The sample included transgender women and travestis residing in São Paulo, Porto Alegre, Salvador, Manaus, and Campo Grande, aged 18 years or older, between 2019 and 2021. The outcome was the concomitant use of licit and illicit substances. The association between sociodemographic/behavioral factors and the outcome was analyzed through Poisson regression with mixed effects. Adjusted prevalence ratios (confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI) were estimated. RESULTS: The prevalence in the last 12 months of multiple substance use was 49.3%, of which 65.5% were alcohol, 52.9% tobacco, and 40.1% marijuana. Transgender women and travestis who use multiple substances face more violence (1.71; 95%CI 1.14-2.55), unemployment (1.58; 95%CI 1.05-2.37) and pervasive unstable work status (1.52; 95%CI 1.08-2.14), transactional sex (1.51; 95%CI 1.21-1.88) which can be their sole option to make a living, and are aged 18 to 24 years (1.37; 95%CI 1.14-1.65). CONCLUSION: The use of multiple substances may be an attempt to cope with distress and marginalization. Substance use has been associated with multiple harms and medical conditions. Comprehensive management and care should be provided, as defined by the key principles of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Health care should be integrated into structural interventions.

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OBJECTIVES: to estimate the prevalence of depressive levels and their associated factors among transvestite and transsexual individuals. METHODS: this cross-sectional study involved 58 participants assisted by non-governmental organizations. The Beck Depression Inventory was utilized to assess levels of depression, complemented by a sociodemographic questionnaire and a questionnaire on experiences of violence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: a prevalence of 27.6% (95% CI = 11.50-39.10) for moderate to severe levels of depression was observed. This prevalence was associated with being unmarried (PR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10-1.28) and experiencing violence in healthcare services (PR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.10-4.81). CONCLUSIONS: the absence of a partner and experiences of violence in healthcare settings negatively impacted mental health, leading to an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms among transvestite and transsexual individuals. Advocating for transgender rights and providing ongoing education in health care for professionals are critical strategies in promoting the mental health of this population.

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OBJECTIVE: The transgender population in Brazil faces marginalization and difficulties in accessing education and health, leading many individuals to self-medicate. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the implementation of Specialized Centers in the Transsexualizing Process (SCTP) on the use of cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) without medical prescription, as well as the level of education and mental health profile of these individuals. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with data from physical and electronic medical records between September 2017 and February 2023 regarding the use of CSHT before and after the implementation of two SCTP in the state of Bahia, Brazil, in addition to data on education level, previous diagnosis of anxiety and depression of patients. RESULTS: A total of 219 participants, 127 transgender men (TM) and 92 transgender women and travestis (TrTW), were assessed. A significant reduction in the prevalence of self-medication was observed in both TrTW (92.98% before and 51.43% after, p<0.001), and TM (47.17% before and 25.67% after, p = 0.010) with the implementation of SCTP. Transgender individuals who used CSHT before accessing the service were found to have a lower prevalence of depression. Self-medication was not significantly associated with education or anxiety in our sample. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the need for the expansion of SCTP, as they were associated with lower rates of self-medication in the transgender population.

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In this study, we systematically examined the importance of human rights standards and principles for rights-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provision for marginalized adolescents. Nested within a demonstration study of PrEP provision to adolescent men who have sex with men, travestis, and transgender women, we carried out interviews in São Paulo, Brazil with 25 adolescents, eight health providers, and six workers involved in community-based demand creation. Analysis focused on participants' narratives about aspects of human rights within service delivery, including the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of services; informed decision-making; nondiscrimination; and privacy and confidentiality. Clients and service providers highlighted the importance of availing a range of services beyond PrEP and described how community outreach and social media helped promote accessibility. Acceptability centered around clients feeling heard and respected. Health workers appreciated having time to build trusting relationships with clients to ensure quality of care and support informed decision-making. Nondiscrimination was valued by all, including using clients' chosen pronouns. Privacy and confidentiality were primary concerns for clients who were not "out" about their sexuality or PrEP use; to mitigate this, health workers sought to accommodate clients' preferred channels of communication. Rights-based PrEP services can help promote engagement and retention in PrEP services, particularly for marginalized populations.

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The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a persistent and real issue, especially in key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), travestis and transgender persons. Projects for expanding rapid HIV testing are strategic initiatives aimed at the earliest possible identification of individuals' serological status and thus early treatment, screening of sex partners, and upscaling of preventive actions to interrupt the transmission chain. This study thus maps, describes, and systematizes the projects for expanding rapid HIV testing implemented from 2004 to 2021 in Brazil, highlighting the on-going contribution of civil society organizations and discussing the interoperability and cooperation resulting from public governance processes. We selected 67 documents for analysis, including 30 scientific publications retrieved from electronic databases and 37 documents produced by government institutions and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Find Out (Fique Sabendo), I Want to Get Tested (Quero Fazer), The Time is Now (A Hora É Agora), Live Better Knowing (Viva Melhor Sabendo), and Live Better Knowing Young (Viva Melhor Sabendo Jovem) were the projects mapped. Results show that the projects have used strategies adapted to the key population, such as mobile testing units, peer education, and innovative community engagement approaches. Such actions were enabled by effective cooperation and interoperability between participating stakeholders, especially NGOs.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Neste artigo, buscamos articular questões referentes à Terapia de Família Sistêmica (TFS), estudos de sexualidade e gênero, perspectiva decolonial e interseccionalidade. Expomos como podemos pensar a partir destas problematizações as experiências familiares de pessoas que se situam no avesso ou nas margens da cisheteronormatividade e discutir sobre a diversidade que compõe a família, para além de uma visão restritiva deste termo. OBJETIVO: Fazer uma crítica construtiva à TFS, apontando o apagamento que esta disciplina possui em relação às vivências de pessoas LGBTQIAP+ (lésbicas, gays, transexuais e travestis, queer, intersexo, assexuais, pansexuais e demais orientações sexuais e identidades de gênero). METODOLOGIA: O artigo possui caráter ensaístico e sustentado em um material empírico oriundo de entrevistas de caráter biográfico/trajetórias de vida. Propomos aqui a perspectiva queer e decolonial, aliada à interseccionalidade como estratégia de análise de histórias de vida a fim de compreender os arranjos familiares de mulheres lésbicas, bissexuais e pansexuais. RESULTADOS: As entrevistadas demonstraram múltiplas realidades, baseando-se tanto em vivências de violência quanto de aceitação em suas famílias de origem, focando suas jornadas na construção de laços de apoio com suas famílias escolhidas, criando relações de irmandade entre amigas. CONCLUSÕES: A TFS poderia ampliar seu olhar e escrita sobre a população LGBTQIAP+, utilizando-se da decolonialidade/perspectiva queer e interseccionalidade como potente guia de análise das relações familiares, visto que as histórias de vida dessas mulheres concentram-se em lidar com discriminações e desafios associados aos seus diversos marcadores sociais da diferença.

INTRODUCTION: In this essay, the following themes will be analyzed: Systemic Family Therapy (SFT), sexuality and gender studies, women, and intersectionality. We expose how these themes combine in the family experiences of people who are on the other side or the margins of cisheteronormativity and discuss the diversity that makes up the family, beyond a restrictive view of this term. OBJECTIVE: Make a constructive criticism of TFS, pointing out the erasure that this discipline has in relation to the experiences of LGBTQIAP+ people (lesbians, gays, transsexuals and transvestites, queer, intersex, asexual, pansexual, and other sexual orientations and gender identities). We propose intersectionality as a strategy for analyzing life stories to understand the family arrangements of lesbian, bisexual and pansexuals women. METHODOLOGY: This essay is based on empirical material from biographical interviews/life trajectories. We propose here intersectionality as a strategy for analyzing life stories to understand the family arrangements of lesbian, bisexual and pansexual women. RESULTS: The interviewees demonstrated multiple realities, based on both experiences of violence and acceptance in their families of origin. And focusing their journeys on building supportive bonds with their chosen families, creating sisterhood relationships between friends. CONCLUSIONS: TFS could broaden its view and writing about the LGBTQIAP+ population, using intersectionality as a powerful guide for analyzing family relationships. Since these women's life stories focus on dealing with discrimination and challenges associated with their various social markers of difference.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En este artículo se analizan los siguientes temas: Terapia Familiar Sistémica (TFS), estudios de sexualidad y género, mujer e interseccionalidad. Exponemos cómo estos temas se conjugan en las experiencias familiares de personas que están del otro lado o en los márgenes de la cisheteronormatividad y discutimos la diversidad que conforma la familia, más allá de una visión restrictiva de este término. OBJETIVO: Hacer una crítica constructiva a TFS, señalando la borradura que tiene esta disciplina en relación a las vivencias de las personas LGBTQIAP+ (lesbianas, gays, transexuales y travestidos, queer, intersex, asexual, pansexual y otras orientaciones sexuales e identidades de género). METODOLOGÍA: El artículo tiene carácter ensayístico y se basa en material empírico de entrevistas de carácter biográfico/trayectorias de vida. Proponemos aquí la interseccionalidad como estrategia de análisis de las historias de vida para comprender los arreglos familiares de mujeres lesbianas, bisexuales y pansexuales. RESULTADOS: Los entrevistados evidenciaron múltiples realidades, basadas tanto en experiencias de violencia como de aceptación en sus familias de origen. Y enfocando sus viajes en construir lazos de apoyo con sus familias elegidas, creando relaciones de hermandad entre amigos. CONCLUSIONES: TFS podría ampliar su visión y escritura sobre la población LGBTQIAP+, utilizando la interseccionalidad como una poderosa guía para analizar las relaciones familiares. Dado que las historias de vida de estas mujeres se centran en lidiar con la discriminación y los desafíos asociados con sus diversos marcadores sociales de diferencia.

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Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as diferentes dimensões do aparecimento das travestis da Av. Pedro II, importante avenida da cidade de Belo Horizonte, durante a pandemia de covid-19. A partir de conceitos como partilhas do sensível e aparecimento foram analisados relatos das travestis, extraídos: a) do livro Translado - com o objetivo de contextualizar as rotinas pré-pandemia; b) de entrevistas realizadas por telefone em 2020; e c) de um grupo focal realizado em 2021 presencialmente. O método utilizado para sistematizar e analisar o material foi a montagem de cena, inspirada em Jacques Rancière. Os resultados indicam, por um lado, situações de humilhação, desigualdade e violência. Por outro, desvelam formas de subversão de hierarquias, estratégias de aparecimento e subjetivação política.

The article aims to understand the different dimensions of the appearance of transvestites during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study focused on transvestites located on Av. Pedro II, an important avenue in the city of Belo Horizonte. Based on concepts such as distribution of the sensible and appearance, reports by transvestites were analysed. They were extracted from: a) the book Translado ­ to contextualize pre-pandemic routines; b) interviews by telephone in 2020; and c) a face-to-face focus group carried out in 2021. The method used to systematise and analyse the material was scene montage, inspired by Jacques Rancière. The results indicate, on the one hand, situations of humiliation, inequality, and violence. On the other hand, they reveal forms of subversion of hierarchies, strategies of appearance and political subjectivati.

El artículo tiene como objetivo comprender las diferentes dimensiones del aparecimiento de los travestis de la Av. Pedro II, una importante avenida de la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, durante la pandemia de covid-19. A partir de conceptos como distribución de lo sensible y aparecimiento, se analizaron relatos de travestis, extraídos: a) del libro Translado ­ con el objetivo de contextualizar rutinas prepandemia; b) de entrevistas realizadas medio de telefóno en 2020; y c) de un grupo focal realizado en 2021 de forma presencial. El método utilizado para sistematizar y analizar el material fue el montaje de escena, inspirado en Jacques Rancière. Los resultados indican, por un lado, situaciones de humillación, desigualdad y violencia. Por otro lado, revelan formas de subversión de jerarquías, estrategias de aparición y subjetivación política.

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Based on the ethnographic work I conducted with a group of Brazilian travesti sex workers in Rio de Janeiro and Barcelona, this article aims to analyze how they adopt technologies to transform and beautify their bodies that question the biomedical model of our society: their bodies are not read as "docile", "healthy", or "productive" since they do not "fit into", nor pretend to fit into the dominant sexual binary. On the other hand, beauty - as a political and transformative field - is one of the main elements that travestis have to find their place in the world through their (trans)national displacements: they are self-constructing as social subjects who claim some intelligibility while they become beautiful travestis. Therefore, travestis believe that beauty is a (transitory) space of liberation that, ultimately, reveals how certain biopolitical technologies have failed to produce undisciplined bodies and beautiful travestis who - through their survival - rebel against a heteronormative power that considers that their bodies are not worthy of mourning and, consequently, "deserve to die".

Basado en el trabajo etnográfico que realicé junto a un grupo de travestis brasileñas trabajadoras del sexo en Río de Janeiro y Barcelona, en este artículo pretendo analizar las formas en que ellas emplean las tecnologías para transformar y embellecer unos cuerpos que cuestionan el modelo biomédico de nuestra sociedad: sus cuerpos no son leídos como "dóciles", "saludables" ni "productivos" ya que tampoco "encajan", ni pretenden encajar, en el binarismo sexual dominante. Por otro lado, la belleza - en tanto campo político y transformador - es uno de los principales elementos que las travestis tienen para encontrar su lugar en el mundo a partir de sus tránsitos (trans)nacionales: mientras se convierten en bellas travestis, están al mismo tiempo construyéndose como sujetas sociales que reclaman cierta inteligibilidad. Por lo tanto, la belleza para las travestis es un espacio (transitorio) de liberación que, en definitiva, pone en evidencia cómo ciertas tecnologías biopolíticas han fallado al producir cuerpos indisciplinados y bellas travestis que - con su supervivencia - se rebelan frente a un poder heteronormativo que considera que sus cuerpos no son dignos de duelo y, en consecuencia, "merecen morir".

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Introdução: a PrEP é uma estratégia de prevenção biomédica que consiste no uso de antirretrovirais (ARV) orais com o objetivo de mitigar o risco de adquirir o HIV e, consequentemente, de desenvolver a AIDS. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil sociodemográfico dos usuários com dispensação da PrEP no Ceará, no período de 2018 a 2023. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do Departamento de HIV/Aids, Tuberculose, Hepatites Virais e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DATHI) do Ministério da Saúde por meio do Painel de monitoramento da PrEP. Resultados: observou-se um predomínio de usuários gays e homens que fazem sexo com homens, mas não se consideram gays; autodeclarados como pardos, com alta escolaridade e com faixa etária entre 30 e 39 anos. As dispensações da PrEP apresentaram progressão no período analisado, apesar dos anos de pandemia. Conclusão: embora a PrEP tenha-se mostrado eficaz no controle e declínio no número de infecções pelo HIV, esses dados demonstram que há uma lacuna entre quem se beneficia dela. É um desafio fazer com que a PrEP chegue a quem se pode beneficiar dela e com maior probabilidade de exposição ao HIV indivíduos de baixa escolaridade, pessoas trans, travestis, jovens adultos /adolescentes e não brancos.

Introduction: PrEP is a biomedical prevention strategy that consists of the use of oral antiretrovirals (ARV) to mitigate the risk of acquiring HIV and, consequently, of developing AIDS. The present study aims to describe the sociodemographic profile of users dispensed with PrEP in Ceará from 2018 to 2023. Methods: this is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data was obtained from the Department of HIV/Aids, Tuberculosis, Viral Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infections (DATHI) of the Ministry of Health through the PrEP Monitoring Panel. Results: there was a predominance of Gay users and Men who have Sex with Men but do not consider themselves gay; they self-declared as mixed race, highly educated, and aged between 30 and 39 years old. PrEP dispensations showed progression in the period analyzed despite years of pandemic. Conclusion: although PrEP is effective in controlling and declining the number of HIV infections, these data demonstrate that there is a gap between who benefits from it. It is a challenge to make PrEP reach those who can most benefit from it and who are most likely to be exposed to HIV, individuals with low education, trans people, transvestites, young adults/adolescents, and non-whites.

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BACKGROUND: Migration is common among transgender women (TGW), often driven by the desire to escape stigma, find acceptance, establish new connections, access body modifications, or enter new avenues of sex work. Given the heightened mobility of TGW, they are mostly vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to migration. This study aimed to evaluate the association between in-country migration and HIV infection among TGW in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: The DIVAS was a cross-sectional, multicity study investigating risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among TGW in 2016-2017. A total of 864 TGW were recruited through respondent-driven sampling from three capital cities in Northeast Brazil. Logistic regression estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to assess the relationship between in-country migration and HIV infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of HIV among TGW was 24.5%, 21.4% among those aged 18-34 and 36.1% among those ≥ 35 years old. In-country migration increased the odds of HIV infection among TGW aged 18-34 years (OR = 1.84; 95%CI:1.04-3.27) and even higher among those aged ≥ 35y old (OR = 3.08; 95%CI:1.18-8.04). CONCLUSIONS: These data reinforce the pressing need for public health policies that provide comprehensive access and strategies for demand creation for HIV/AIDS prevention and care for TGW who are already highly vulnerable to infection.

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This article describes the political action repertoire mobilized in the construction of public health policy for trans persons in the Manaus, capital city of the state of Amazonas, in northern Brazil. It is based on ethnographic research combining participant observation in the multiple sites where these policies are constructed and interviews with members of two transgender rights organizations in Manaus, between January 2016 and July 2018. Four modes of political action were reconstructed, as ideal types, named after native categories: those of confrontation, others of "articulation", the ones seeking visibility and others collaboration. Each mode has the local society as public and agents of the municipal and state Judiciary, Legislative and Executive bodies sometimes as adversaries, sometimes as allies.

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o repertório de formas de ação política mobilizadas na construção das políticas públicas de saúde para travestis e transexuais em Manaus, Amazonas. A pesquisa etnográfica que sustenta este estudo combinou observação participante nos múltiplos espaços onde as políticas de saúde se gestam e entrevistas com membros de duas organizações trans existentes em Manaus, entre janeiro de 2016 e julho de 2018. Reconstruiu-se quatro formas de ação mobilizadas na luta por políticas de saúde, classificadas conforme algumas categorias nativas, a modo de tipos ideais: as de confronto, de articulação, de visibilidade e de colaboração, tendo a sociedade manauara como público e agentes do Judiciário, do Legislativo e do Executivo municipal e estadual, por vezes, como adversários, ou como aliados.

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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta os resultados do estudo Eu Quero é Mais! A Vida de Profissionais do Sexo Durante a Pandemia da COVID-19, integrante do programa de investigação comunitária EPIC. O estudo analisou os efeitos da pandemia nas vidas de trabalhadoras sexuais cis, trans e travestis em nove Unidades da Federação e 11 cidades brasileiras ao longo de 2020 e 2021. O artigo tem como foco o componente qualitativo do estudo baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas de forma presencial e remota com 43 trabalhadoras sexuais, e seu cotejamento com o componente quantitativo. Os efeitos são analisados em relação com o marco pandêmico brasileiro, considerando as dimensões sociais, econômicas e políticas do vírus da COVID-19. Entre as temáticas chaves da análise, se destacam: casos de adoecimento, práticas localizadas de isolamento social, práticas de prevenção e gerenciamento de cuidado, vacinação individual e estratégias coletivas de vacinação. Compartilhamos também as respostas cotidianas e ativistas traçadas por trabalhadoras sexuais numa agenda política que se contrapõe à lógica individualista, familiarista, doméstica e neoliberal de isolamento, por meio de perspectivas comunitárias de cuidado, o que se desenhou como a única linha de ação em saúde para a categoria durante a pandemia. As ações coletivas reposicionam o trabalho sexual na interface entre a saúde pública e os direitos humanos e tomam como princípio os conhecimentos das ruas, desde os ativismos, e o poder de decisão delas próprias sobre seus corpos.

Abstract: This paper describes the results of the study I Want More! The Lives of Sex Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic, which is part of the EPIC community research program. The study analyzed the effects of the pandemic on the lives of cis, trans and travesti sex workers in nine Brazilian states and 11 cities throughout 2020 and 2021. This article focuses on the qualitative component of the study, which was based on semi-structured, remote and face-to-face interviews carried out with 43 sex workers, and its comparison with the quantitative component. The effects are analyzed in relation to the Brazilian pandemic framework, considering the social, economic and political dimensions of the COVID-19 virus. Some of the key themes of the analysis are cases of illness, specific social isolation practices, prevention and care management practices, individual vaccination and collective vaccination strategies. We also share the daily and activist responses drawn up by sex workers in a political agenda that opposes the individualistic, familialist, domestic, and neoliberal logic of isolation by adopting community care perspectives, which was the only line of health action for this work category during the pandemic. Collective actions reposition sex work at the interface between public health and human rights and take as their principle the "street knowledge", from activism, and the workers' power of decision over their own bodies.

Resumen: Este trabajo presenta los resultados del estudio ¡Yo Quiero Más! La Vida de las Profesionales del Sexo Durante la Pandemia de la COVID-19, parte del programa de investigación comunitaria EPIC. El estudio analizó los efectos de la pandemia en la vida de trabajadoras sexuales cis, trans y travestis en 9 estados y 11 ciudades brasileñas a lo largo del 2020 y del 2021. El artículo se centra en el componente cualitativo del estudio basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas de forma presencial y remota a 43 trabajadoras sexuales y su comparación con el componente cuantitativo. Los efectos se analizan con relación al marco pandémico brasileño, considerando las dimensiones sociales, económicas y políticas del virus de la COVID-19. Entre las temáticas clave del análisis, destacan: casos de enfermedad, prácticas localizadas de aislamiento social, prácticas de prevención y gestión del cuidado, vacunación individual y estrategias colectivas de vacunación. Compartimos también las respuestas cotidianas y activistas esbozadas por las trabajadoras sexuales en una agenda política que se opone a la lógica individualista, familiarista, doméstica y neoliberal del aislamiento, por medio de perspectivas comunitarias de cuidado, lo que se diseñó como la única línea de acción en salud para la categoría durante la pandemia. Las acciones colectivas reposicionan el trabajo sexual en la interfaz entre la salud pública y los derechos humanos y toman como principio el conocimiento de la calle, desde el activismo, y su poder de decisión sobre sus cuerpos.

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RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar se adolescentes de minorias sexuais que iniciaram a profilaxia pré-exposição sexual (PrEP) em organizações comunitárias (OC) apresentam maior vulnerabilidade social e ao HIV em comparação com adolescentes em PrEP de um serviço de saúde convencional. Além disso, avaliar se esses adolescentes tiveram um acesso mais oportuno à profilaxia. MÉTODOS: Estudo demonstrativo da efetividade de PrEP, realizado na cidade de São Paulo, em duas OC, localizadas no centro (OC-centro) e na periferia (OC-periferia), e em um serviço convencional de testagem para o HIV (CTA-centro). Foram elegíveis para PrEP, entre 2020 e 2022, adolescentes homens cisgêneros que fazem sexo com homens (aHSH), travestis, mulheres transexuais e pessoas transfemininas (aTTrans), de 15 a 19 anos, HIV-negativos e com práticas de maior risco para o HIV. Indicadores de acesso oportuno e de vulnerabilidades dos adolescentes iniciando PrEP nas OC foram analisados, tendo por referência o CTA-centro e empregando regressão logística multinomial. RESULTADOS: 608 adolescentes iniciaram PrEP nas OC e CTA-Centro. Adolescentes das OC estiveram associados a um menor tempo de início de PrEP (1-7 dias; OC-periferia: ORa = 2,91; IC95% 1,22-6,92; OC-centro: ORa = 1,91; IC95% 1,10-3,31); e a um menor IDH de moradia (OC-centro: ORa = 0,97; IC95% 0,94-1,00; OC-periferia: ORa = 0,82; IC95% 0,78-0,86). Na OC-periferia houve aumento na chance de os adolescentes serem mais jovens (ORa = 3,06; IC95% 1,63-5,75) e morarem mais próximos ao serviço (ORa = 0,82; IC95% 0,78-0,86, média 7,8 km). Enquanto adolescentes da OC-centro estiveram associados ao maior conhecimento prévio de PrEP (ORa = 2,01; IC95% 1,10-3,91) e a alta percepção de risco (ORa = 2,02; IC95% 1,18-3,44). Não estiveram associadas aos adolescentes das OC as práticas sexuais de maior risco e as situações de vulnerabilidade ao HIV. CONCLUSÕES: A oferta de PrEP nas OC facilitou o acesso de adolescentes vulnerabilizados e pode contribuir para reduzir inequidades.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether adolescents from sexual minorities who initiated pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in community-based organizations (COs) are more socially and HIV-vulnerable compared with their counterparts from a conventional health service. In addition, to evaluate whether these adolescents had more timely access to prophylaxis METHODS: A PrEP demonstration study was conducted in the city of São Paulo in two COs, located in the center (CO-center) and the outskirts (CO-outskirts), and a conventional HIV testing service (CTA-center). Between 2020 and 2022, cisgender male adolescents who have sex with men (aMSM), transgender and gender diverse adolescents (aTTrans) aged 15 to 19 years, HIV-negative, with higher-risk practices for HIV were eligible for PrEP. Indicators of timely access and vulnerabilities of adolescents initiating PrEP in COs were analyzed using CTA-center as a reference and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: 608 adolescents initiated PrEP in COs and CTA-center. Adolescents from COs were associated with a shorter time to PrEP initiation (1-7 days; CO-outskirts: ORa = 2.91; 95%CI 1.22-6.92; CO-center: ORa = 1.91; 95%CI 1.10-3.31); and a lower housing Human Development Index (HDI) (CO-center: ORa = 0.97; 95%CI 0.94-1.00; CO-outskirts: ORa = 0.82; 95%CI 0.78-0.86). In CO-outskirts, there was an increased chance of adolescents being younger (ORa = 3.06; 95%CI 1.63-5.75) and living closer to the service (ORa = 0.82; 95%CI 0.78-0.86, mean 7.8 km). While adolescents from the CO-center were associated with greater prior knowledge of PrEP (ORa = 2.01; 95%CI 1.10-3.91) and high-risk perception (ORa = 2.02; 95%CI 1.18-3.44), adolescents from the COs were not associated with higher-risk sexual practices and situations of vulnerability to HIV. CONCLUSION: The provision of PrEP in the COs facilitated access for vulnerable adolescents and may contribute to reducing inequities.

RESUMO

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar os impactos dos sistemas de opressão intersectados no continuum do cuidado de profilaxia pré-exposição sexual (CCPrEP) entre gays, bissexuais e outros homens que fazem sexo com homens (aGBHSH) e como estes são identificados e tratados por profissionais de saúde (PS), visando o cuidado à saúde sexual e prevenção do HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo de investigação qualitativa integrado a uma pesquisa de coorte com aGBHSH e mulheres transexuais e travestis (aMTrT) em uso de PrEP. Foram analisados dados produzidos na cidade de São Paulo, integrando 16 entrevistas com aGBHSH e oito com PS. O referencial teórico metodológico se orientou pela categorização interativa de análise temática com enquadramento interseccional. RESULTADOS: Os conhecimentos sobre PrEP dos aGBHSH são afetados pelos efeitos negativos dos sistemas de opressão, sobretudo entre adolescentes negros que adquirem conhecimento de forma menos técnica quando comparados aos brancos. A maioria dos profissionais enxerga as opressões e as suas consequências, e confere protagonismo ao racismo, mas poucos articulam os diferentes marcadores sociais que potencializam barreiras para o sucesso do CCPrEP. CONCLUSÕES: As opressões sociais impactam o sucesso do CCPrEP de diferentes maneiras. Os PS são centrais para mitigação e não propagação dessas experiências negativas dentro do serviço de saúde e no acesso, uso e adesão à PrEP.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of intersecting systems of oppression on the continuum of PrEP care among adolescent gays, bisexuals, and other men who have sex with men (aGBMSM), and to examine how health professionals (HP) identify and address these challenges to provide sexual health care and HIV prevention. METHODS: This qualitative exploratory study was part of a cohort research project involving aGBMSM, travesties, and transgender women (aTrTW) using PrEP. Data analyzed consisted of 16 interviews with aGBMSM and eight with health professionals (HPs) in São Paulo study site. The methodological and theoretical framework for the interactive categorization of thematic analysis was based on an intersectional approach. RESULTS: The knowledge of aGBMSM about PrEP was influenced by the adverse effects of systems of oppression, particularly among Black adolescents, who acquired knowledge in a less technical manner compared to White adolescents. Most professionals recognized oppression and its impact on the PrEP care continuum (PrEPCC), especially noting the presence of racism. However, few articulated how different social markers compound barriers to the success of the PrEPCC. CONCLUSION: Social oppression affects the success of the PrEP care continuum (PrEPCC) in multiple ways. Health professionals (HPs) play a crucial role in mitigating and not perpetuating these negative experiences within health services, as well as in PrEP access, use, and adherence.

RESUMO

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Compreender as percepções e experiências de mulheres transexuais, travestis e pessoas não binárias ou de gênero fluido (MTrT+) em serviços de saúde que fazem segmento de profilaxia pré-exposição sexual (PrEP), antes e durante o contexto de pandemia, quanto às ressignificações na relação com os serviços e à continuidade da prevenção ao HIV por meio da PrEP. MÉTODOS: Investigação qualitativa e análise de material empírico produzido no âmbito de estudos mais amplos. Realizaram-se 45 entrevistas semiestruturadas com MTrT+ usuárias da PrEP da cidade de São Paulo, aplicando-se posteriormente a análise de conteúdo temática iterativa. RESULTADOS: As MTrT+ entrevistadas, com relação à pandemia de covid-19; protagonizam e ressignificam suas próprias lutas, seus cotidianos e suas formas de cuidar da saúde. Com suas particularidades, a pandemia se torna um acontecimento a mais dentre todos os demais que as MTrT+ enfrentam quotidianamente. Paralelamente, transitam pela epidemia de HIV, mas com a possibilidade de se prevenir por meio da PrEP. CONCLUSÃO: Por uma perspectiva situada e consciente, mais explícita no contexto da crise sanitária, as MTrT+ entrelaçam ações conscientes e práticas de cuidado em diálogo com os serviços de saúde. Aprofundar as investigações sobre esses grupos, a partir de uma dinâmica espaço-temporal situada em contextos específicos de produção de sentido, possibilita avançar em estratégias de prevenção e cuidado, especialmente em momentos de crise sanitárias.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To understand the perceptions and experiences of transsexual and travesti women and non-binary or gender-fluid people (TGWT+) in health services where they took pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the periods before and during the pandemic, focusing on the resignification in the relationship with services and the continuity of HIV prevention via PrEP. METHODS: Qualitative research and analysis of empirical material generated in the context of broader studies were conducted. A total of 45 semi-structured interviews were conducted with TGWT+ PrEP users in the city of São Paulo and analyzed using iterative thematic content analysis. RESULTS: The TGWT+ interviewees gave new meanings to their struggles, daily lives and ways of caring for their health and played a central role within them. With its particularities, the COVID-19 pandemic became one more event among all the others that TGWT+ face daily. Alongside the COVID-19 pandemic, the TGWT+ were faced with the HIV epidemic, but with the possibility of prevention via PrEP. CONCLUSION: Based on a situated and conscious perspective, more explicit in the context of the health crisis, the TGWT+ intertwined conscious actions and care practices in dialog with health services. Further research on these groups from a spatiotemporal dynamic situated in specific contexts of meaning production would make it possible to advance prevention and care strategies, especially in times of health crisis.

RESUMO

RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o conhecimento sobre o esquema de Profilaxia Pré-Exposição ao HIV sob demanda (PrEP-SD) e a percepção do seu uso potencial entre jovens homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH), travestis e mulheres trans (TrMT) em acompanhamento na coorte. MÉTODOS: O estudo qualitativo incluiu 50 entrevistas com participantes das cidades de Salvador e São Paulo, entre 15 e 19 anos, que estavam usando PrEP diária ou outros métodos preventivos. Eles foram abordados por meio de diferentes estratégias de criação de demanda. As entrevistas em profundidade abordaram temas como práticas sexuais, conhecimento sobre PrEP-SD, aceitabilidade e motivações para o uso. Foi realizada análise temática em duas fases usando o software Nvivo versão 12. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos participantes desconhecia a PrEP-SD e muitos questionaram a sua efetividade e segurança ao receberem informações sobre ela. No entanto, ao conhecer o esquema, muitos jovens perceberam vantagens, como a não obrigatoriedade diária de medicamentos e a possibilidade de uso apenas em momentos de maior risco. Barreiras para o uso da PrEP-SD também foram identificadas pelos participantes, como a imprevisibilidade das relações sexuais e a dificuldade em administrar as dosagens nessa modalidade. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento limitado e as experiências com a PrEP oral diária influenciaram o interesse por ela, o que aponta a necessidade de estratégias informativas que permitam o letramento dos jovens HSH e TrMT na PrEP-SD. Os jovens valorizaram a autonomia e a gestão da prevenção mais alinhada à dinâmica de sua vida sexual propiciada pela nova modalidade, mas enfrentam desafios na gestão da PrEP-SD.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the knowledge about the HIV event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis (event-driven PrEP) scheme and the perception of its potential use among young men who have sex with men (MSM), travestis, and transgender women (TrTW) who were followed up in the cohort. METHODS: This qualitative study included 50 interviews with participants from the municipalities of Salvador and São Paulo, aged 15 to 19 years, who made daily use of PrEP or other preventive methods. They were addressed by different demand creation strategies. The in-depth interviews covered topics such as sexual practices, event-driven PrEP knowledge, acceptability, and motivations for its use. A two-stage thematic analysis was carried out on Nvivo, version 12. RESULTS: Most participants were unaware of event-driven PrEP, and many questioned its effectiveness and safety when receiving information about it. However, on learning about the program, many young people saw advantages, such as not having to take daily medication and the possibility of using it only at times of greater risk. Participants also found barriers to using event-driven PrEP, such as the unpredictability of sexual relations and the difficulty in administering dosages in this modality. CONCLUSION: Limited knowledge and experiences with daily oral PrEP influenced interest in event-driven PrEP, which highlights the need for information strategies that enable young MSM and TrTW to read about event-driven PrEP. Young people valued the autonomy and management of preventive methods provides by this new modality, which is more in line with the dynamics of their sexual lives, but they face challenges in managing event-driven PrEP.

RESUMO

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores que aumentam a prática de sexo anal sem preservativo (SASP) entre adolescentes homens que fazem sexo com homens (aHSH) e travestis mulheres trans (aTrMT) em três capitais brasileiras. MÉTODOS: PrEP1519 é uma coorte prospectiva, multicêntrica, de demonstração da efetividade da profilaxia pré-exposição (PrEP) ao HIV entre aHSH e aTrMT, com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, em três capitais brasileiras. As análises foram realizadas com dados da linha de base da coorte, com a inclusão de 1.418 adolescentes inscritos de 2019 a 2021. O desfecho estudado foi SASP nos últimos seis meses, e os potenciais fatores associados foram sociodemográficos, comportamentais, de assistência à saúde e histórico de violência e discriminação. Foi realizada análise descritiva, bivariada e multivariada. Estimaram-se razões de prevalência ajustadas (RPa) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: A maioria dos participantes era aHSH (91,5%), com idade de 18 a 19 anos (75,9%), pretos (40,5%), ensino médio e superior em andamento (92,7%), com relato de SASP na primeira relação sexual (54,2%), início da vida sexual antes dos 14 anos (43,4%) e história de sexo em grupo (24,6%) e de sexo transacional (14,6%). A prevalência de SASP nos últimos seis meses foi de 80,6% (IC95% 78,5%-82,6%). Adolescentes que relataram primeira relação sexual sem preservativo (RPa: 1,18; IC95% 1,10-1,25), consumo de substâncias psicoativas (RPa: 1,09; IC95% 1,03-1,16) e sexo transacional (RPa: 1,11; IC95% 1,04-1,20) tiveram maior prevalência de SASP nos últimos seis meses. Verificou-se também que aqueles com idade de 15 a 17 anos tiveram maior prevalência de SASP em comparação àqueles de 18 a 19 anos (RPa: 1,07; IC95% 0,99-1,13). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de SASP foi alta entre aHSH e aTrMT, bem como esteve associada a práticas que podem aumentar o risco de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST). Assim, recomenda-se o fortalecimento de programas de saúde sexual para jovens que abordem o tema da sexualidade e prevenção de IST, tal como a ampliação do acesso a métodos preventivos, como preservativo e PrEP.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors that increase the practice of condomless anal sex (CAS) among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and adolescent travestis and transgender women (ATGW) in three Brazilian state capitals. METHODS: PrEP1519 is a prospective, multicenter cohort study demonstrating the effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among AMSM and ATGW aged from 15 to 19 years in three Brazilian state capitals. The analyses were performed with baseline cohort data, including 1,418 adolescents enrolled from 2019 to 2021. The outcome studied was CAS in the last six months, and the potentially associated factors were sociodemographic, behavioral, healthcare, and history of violence and discrimination. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. RESULTS: Most of the participants were AMSM (91.5%), aged 18 to 19 years (75.9%), Black (40.5%), with secondary or higher education in progress (92.7%), with CAS during the first sexual intercourse (54.2%), sexual initiation before the age of 14 (43.4%), and history of group sex (24.6%) and transactional sex (14.6%). The prevalence of CAS in the last six months was 80.6% (95%CI 78.5%-82.6%). Adolescents who reported condomless first sexual intercourse (aPR: 1.18; 95%CI 1.10-1.25), use of psychoactive substances (aPR: 1.09; 95%CI 1.03-1.16), and transactional sex (aPR: 1.11; 95%CI 1.04-1.20) had a higher prevalence of CAS in the last six months. We also found that those aged 15 to 17 years had a higher prevalence of CAS than those aged 18 to 19 (aPR: 1.07; 95%CI 0.99-1.13). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CAS was high among AMSM and ATGW, being associated with practices that may increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen sexual health programs for young people that address the issue of sexuality and STI prevention, as well as to expand access to preventive methods, such as condoms and PrEP.

RESUMO

Resumo As atuais diretrizes globais e nacional para controle do HIV/aids denotam uma acentuada ênfase biomédica, expressa na ampliação do acesso ao teste do HIV, visando o diagnóstico precoce, o encaminhamento para tratamento e a redução da carga viral. Por meio de um balanço crítico da literatura nacional e internacional, objetivamos identificar como a noção de promoção da saúde tem sido concebida na produção acadêmica sobre testagem do HIV entre mulheres trans/travestis, gays/outros HSH (homens que fazem sexo com homens) e mulheres cis trabalhadoras sexuais, no período entre 2010 e 2019. Os achados confirmam a tendência de biomedicalização no modo de conceber e operacionalizar programas e ações de testagem de HIV, bem como usos diferenciados da noção de promoção da saúde. Na literatura sobre gays/HSH, tal noção é empregada, predominantemente, como suporte para as estratégias de expansão de acesso ao teste, não se diferenciando da noção de prevenção. Na literatura sobre mulheres trans/travestis e trabalhadoras sexuais, majoritariamente, o teste de HIV está subordinado a uma agenda de debates e reflexões mais amplas de promoção da saúde. Os resultados permitem uma reflexão sobre como o processo de biomedicalização opera uma reconfiguração dos sentidos e práticas associados à prevenção e à promoção da saúde.

Abstract The current global and Brazilian guidelines to control HIV/AIDS have shown a strong biomedical emphasis, stressing the importance of expanding access to HIV testing, aiming at early diagnosis, referral for treatment, and reduction of viral load. By critically reviewing the national and international literature, we aimed to identify how academic production on HIV testing among trans women/ travestis , gay men/other MSM, and cis women sex workers that has been published from 2010 to 2019 has conceived health promotion. Findings confirm the trend of biomedicalization in the conception and operationalization of HIV testing programs and actions and found other uses of the notion of health promotion. The literature on gay men/MSM predominantly use this notion to support strategies to expand access to the test, not differentiating it from to distinguish it from the notion of prevention. The literature on trans women/ travestis and sex workers mostly subordinates the HIV test to a broader agenda of debates and reflections on health promotion. Results enable a reflection on how the biomedicalization process reconfigures the meanings and practices associated with prevention and health promotion.

RESUMO

O Brasil criou em 2013 a política nacional de saúde integral de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais. Estima-se haver no país 850 mil pessoas transgênero. este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer e descrever a população transexual e travesti brasileira a partir de características sociodemográficas, dados de uso e necessidade de serviços de saúde para subsidiar ações de qualificação de profissionais e gestores do SUS para a atenção a esse grupo populacional. Foi realizado um levantamento transversal, com questionário eletrônico. Após desenho e cálculo amostrais, foram entrevistadas 549 pessoas auto identificadas transgênero, com 18 anos ou mais, que assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. A análise multivariada foi realizada por meio de Regressão Logística bruta e ajustada, com modelo backward stepwise, A medida de associação foi odds ratio (OR) com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Entrevistados que frequentaram escolas públicas (OR 1,70; 95% CI 1,01-2,88), sem renda (OR 1,96; CI 1,01-3,86) e usaram o serviço público de saúde (SUS) (OR 2,48; CI 1,36-4,52) apresentaram maior chance de terem consultas médicas semestrais. Entrevistados que frequentaram somente escolas públicas (OR 1,89; CI 1,09-3,31), por até 9 anos (OR 1,74; CI 1,13-2,68), não trabalhavam (OR 1,88; CI 1,04-3,42) e sofreram violência de gênero (OR 1,57; CI 1,02-2,41) tiveram maior chance de raramente ou nunca irem ao dentista. Majoritariamente, pessoas transgênero brasileiras utilizavam o sistema público de saúde, compareciam semestralmente às consultas médicas e raramente, ou nunca, às consultas odontológicas. A frequência às escolas públicas, a menor escolarização, a ausência de trabalho e renda, o uso do SUS e a experiência de violência de gênero afetaram a utilização dos serviços de saúde. A partir dos dados levantados construíram-se produtos técnicos. O informativo do tipo "folder" teve intuito informativo e instrucional, tanto para os profissionais de saúde quanto para os usuários transgênero. Sua abrangência é, inicialmente, regional, buscando-se beneficiar os setores da sociedade de saúde humana e serviços sociais, bem como as atividades profissionais, científicas e técnicas. O guia elaborado com colaboração de representantes da comunidade trans, intitulado "Atendendo Minorias: Guia para o cuidado em saúde de pessoas transexuais e travestis" objetivou qualificar profissionais e gestores em saúde para o atendimento de pessoas transexuais e travestis.

Brazil created the National Comprehensive Health Policy for Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites, and Transsexuals in 2013. It is estimated that there are 850,000 transgender people in the country. This study aimed to understand and describe the Brazilian transsexual and transvestite population based on sociodemographic characteristics, data on the use and need for health services to support the training of professionals and managers of the SUS (Unified Health System) to better attend to this population group. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an electronic questionnaire. After sample design and calculation, 549 self-identified transgender people aged 18 or older, who signed the informed consent form, were interviewed. Multivariate analysis was performed using crude and adjusted Logistic Regression with a backward stepwise model. The measure of association was the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. Interviewees who attended public schools (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.01-2.88), had no income (OR 1.96; CI 1.01-3.86), and used the public health service (SUS) (OR 2.48; CI 1.36-4.52) were more likely to have semi-annual medical consultations. Interviewees who only attended public schools (OR 1.89; CI 1.09-3.31), for up to 9 years (OR 1.74; CI 1.13-2.68), were unemployed (OR 1.88; CI 1.04-3.42), and experienced gender violence (OR 1.57; CI 1.02-2.41) were more likely to rarely or never visit the dentist. Predominantly, Brazilian transgender people used the public health system, attended medical consultations semi-annually, and rarely or never attended dental consultations. Attendance at public schools, lower education levels, lack of employment and income, use of SUS, and experiences of gender violence affected the use of health services. Based on the data collected, technical products were developed. The "folder" type informational material aimed to inform and instruct both health professionals and transgender users. Initially, its scope is regional, seeking to benefit the sectors of human health and social services, as well as professional, scientific, and technical activities. The guide, developed with the collaboration of representatives from the trans community, titled "Attending Minorities: A Guide for the Healthcare of Transsexual and Transvestite People," aimed to qualify health professionals and managers for the care of transsexual and transvestite people.

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