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BACKGROUND: Rates of shoulder and elbow pathology are well documented among competitive baseball players in the United States; however, little is known about the prevalence of these pathologies in the Dominican Republic (DR). PURPOSE: To report the epidemiology of shoulder and elbow pathology among participants at a Major League Baseball scouting event in Santo Domingo, DR. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3. METHODS: All pitchers and position players who attended the 2021 scouting event were reviewed. Those with complete medical history, physical examination, imaging series, and radiology reports were included. All participants underwent shoulder and elbow radiography, while pitchers also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All pathologic findings on imaging studies were recorded and compared among position players and pitchers. RESULTS: Seventy-five participants (average age, 17.9 years) were reviewed (42 position players, 33 pitchers); 72% and 32% had ≥1 abnormal finding on elbow and shoulder radiographs, respectively. Position players had significantly higher numbers of elbow radiographic findings compared with pitchers (81% vs 57.6%, P = 0.03) but similar numbers on shoulder radiograph (28.6% vs 33.3%, P = 0.66). Position players had high numbers of acromioclavicular separation (14.3%) and little leaguer's shoulder (14.3%) on shoulder radiograph, with olecranon osteophytes (23.8%) and medial epicondyle nonunions (11.9%) prevalent on elbow radiograph. Pitchers had high numbers of rotator cuff pathology (93.9%), labral tears (75.8%), and Bennett lesions (51.5%). On elbow imaging, pitchers had high numbers of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) abnormalities (81.8%), olecranon osteophytes (69.7%), osteochondral lesions (18.2%), and medial epicondyle nonunions (12.1%). Two pitchers had complete UCL disruption (6.1%), while 8 had partial tears (24.2%). CONCLUSION: Dominican baseball prospects had high numbers of asymptomatic shoulder and elbow pathology on imaging studies. Knowledge of the prevalence of these pathologies can guide injury prevention programs in Dominican youth baseball.

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Corn (Zea mays) is the most widely planted crop in the world. Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is currently a primary corn pest. The starting point for the development of pest control decision-making systems is the determination of a conventional sampling plan. Therefore, this study aimed to determine a practical conventional sampling plan for D. maidis in corn crops. Insect density was evaluated in 28 commercial fields. Subsequently, D. maidis densities were sampled from fields ranging from 1 to 100 ha. Insect density conformed to a negative binomial distribution in 89.29% of the fields. The insect densities determined using the sampling plan had a low error rate (up to 15%). Sampling time and costs ranged from 2.06 to 39.45 min/ha and 0.09 to 1.81 USD/ha for fields of 1-100 ha, respectively. These results provide the first precise and representative conventional sampling plan for scouting D. maidis adults grown in corn fields. Therefore, the conventional sampling plan for D. maidis determined in this study is practical and can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs for corn crops owing to its representativeness, precision, speed, and low cost.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade de preparo do canal radicular utilizando instrumentos reciprocantes com indicações semelhantes e diferentes conicidades. Foram selecionados 30 dentes humanos extraídos, separados aleatoriamente em 3 grupos: grupo WaveOne Gold (WG), grupo R-Motion (RM) e grupo Reciproc Blue (RB). Foram realizados procedimentos de acesso, exploração e preparo dos canais radiculares com dois instrumentos, separadamente, em cada uma das amostras, utilizando instrumentos de calibres semelhantes e diferentes conicidades de cada sistema: WaveOne Gold Primary (#25/.07) e WaveOne Gold Medium (#35/.06) (WaveOne Gold ­ Dentsply Sirona); R-Motion 25 (#25/.06) e R-Motion 40 (#40/.04) (R-Motion - FKG Dentaire); e R25 (#25/.08) e R40 (#40/.06) (Reciproc Blue ­ VDW). Cada amostra foi submetida a três escaneamentos por microtomografia computadorizada, pré-operatório e após cada preparo com os instrumentos selecionados, para identificar superfícies de preparo não tocadas, grau de transporte do canal e mensuração de alterações nos volumes total e apical do canal radicular. Os resultados indicam que não houve diferença estatística significativa em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados entre os grupos. Entretanto, apenas o grupo R-Motion evidenciou uma diminuição significativa na porcentagem de áreas não tocadas após a segunda instrumentação. Os resultados demonstram que, mesmo com a utilização de instrumentos com calibre semelhante e menor conicidade, foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios, abrangendo as mensurações de volume e área total do canal radicular, grau de transporte e capacidade de centralização (AU)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of root canal shaping procedure, using reciprocating instruments with similar indication and different taper sizes. Thirty extracted human teeth were selected and separated equal and randomly in three groups: WaveOne Gold group (WG), R-Motion group (RM), and Reciproc Blue group (RB). Cavity access, scouting and shaping of root canals were performed with two instruments, separately, in each of the specimen, using instruments of similar tip and different taper sizes of each system: WaveOne Gold Primary (#25/.07) and WaveOne Gold Medium (#35/.06) (WaveOne Gold ­ Dentsply Sirona); R-Motion 25 (#25/.06) and R- Motion 40 (#40/.04) (R-Motion - FKG Dentaire); and R25 (#25/.08) and R40 (#40/.06) (Reciproc Blue ­ VDW). Each specimen would be scanned by computed microtomography by to three times, preoperatively and after every step of the preparation phases with the selected instruments, to identify untouched surfaces, degree of transportation of the original conduit and measurement of changes in total and apical volumes of the root canal. The results indicate that there was no statistically significant difference in any of the parameters evaluated between the groups. However, only the R-Motion group showed a significant decrease in the percentage of areas not touched after the second instrumentation The results demonstrate that, even with the use of instruments with a similar caliber and smaller conicity, satisfactory results were obtained, covering the measurements of volume and total area of the root canal, degree of transport and centralization capacity.(AU)

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The Hindustan citrus mite, Schizotetranychus hindustanicus (Acari: Tetranychidae), is an invasive pest in South America and constitutes a threat to Brazilian citriculture. This study aimed to determine the contribution of weather variables to the seasonal abundance of S. hindustanicus and the best sampling scheme (sampling variable and unit) for this mite. Populations of S. hindustanicus were monitored monthly in an orange orchard for 31 months in Roraima state, Brazil. Eggs, mobile stages, and the symptoms caused by S. hindustanicus were sampled in different combinations of canopy quadrants, vertical tree strata, and branch sections. The optimal sampling variable and sampling unit for S. hindustanicus scouting were determined according to fidelity and precision criteria. Rainfall and high air temperature were the main factors reducing S. hindustanicus populations. The most suitable variable for S. hindustanicus sampling was egg count. The optimal sampling unit was a leaf collected in the central section of branches located in the middle tree stratum. In addition, the sample should be taken from the southwest quadrant. Collectively, this study adds to the understanding of S. hindustanicus population dynamics and provides a sampling scheme for better management of this pest.

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Contexto: como em outros países, principalmente aqueles considerados subdesenvolvidos, a Guiné-Bissau, localizado na África Subsaariana, enfrenta altas taxas de gravidez na adolescência, muitas vezes não planejada ou desejada. Objetivo geral: analisar e descrever o fenômeno da gravidez indesejada de adolescentes guineenses. Processo metodológico: trata- se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, que utilizou pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e reflexões da autora sobre suas vivências no país; cujas análises se deram na perspectiva da hermenêutica-dialética. Resultados e discussão: a literatura sobre a persistência do fenômeno indica que ele é multicausal, pois contempla aspectos psicológicos, econômicos, sociais, culturais, políticos, religiosos e ambientais. Entre os riscos de gravidez na adolescência são citadas: complicações decorrentes de aborto inseguro; mortalidade infantil e materna e outros considerando a maternidade anterior à faixa etária com menos de 19 anos. Reflexos na vida das meninas que engravidam são deletérios: desistência dos estudos, pouca probabilidade de inserção no mercado de trabalho; impossibilidade de realizar projeto de vida fora da maternidade, limitando sua realização mais plena como mulher e cidadã. Contribuem também: a provável inexistência e/ou inoperância de políticas públicas de saúde destinadas aos jovens/adolescentes, em termos de serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva e de educação em saúde, não disponibilização de contraceptivos e informações mais abrangentes. Considerando- se tal quadro, utilizando os conhecimentos do campo teórico-prático da saúde coletiva, propõe- se a educação em saúde, por meio de atuação lúdica, caracterizando-a como projeto social - ativismo social. A proponente é enfermeira e vai retomar a experiência como ex-escoteira para atuação fora do ambiente escolar ou dos serviços de saúde, em eventos de escotismo, pois não tem vínculo com Estado guineense. Considerações finais: as análises acerca do fenômeno apresentam um cenário repleto de possíveis entraves - de origem cultural, religiosa, social, política, psicológica, econômica e ambiental - para o enfrentamento da gravidez indesejada na adolescência. No entanto, entende-se que é possível pensar em atuações criativas, amigáveis e construídas de forma compartilhada com adolescentes, que sejam significativas e considerem suas experiências proporcionando maior conhecimento acerca do fenômeno e questões afins.

Context: as in other countries, especially those considered underdeveloped, Guinea-Bissau, located in Sub-Saharan Africa, faces high rates of teenage pregnancy, often unplanned or unintended. General objective: to analyze and describe the phenomenon of unwanted pregnancy in Guinean adolescents. Methodological process: this is a qualitative, descriptive study that used bibliographic and documentary research and the author's reflections on her experiences in the country; whose analyzes took place from the perspective of hermeneutics- dialectics. Results and discussion: the literature on the persistence of the phenomenon indicates that it is multicausal, as it includes psychological, economic, social, cultural, political, religious and environmental aspects. Among the risks of teenage pregnancy are: complications resulting from unsafe abortion; infant and maternal mortality and others considering maternity before the age group under 19 years. Effects on the lives of girls who become pregnant are deleterious: dropping out of studies, low probability of entering the job market; impossibility of carrying out a life project outside of motherhood, limiting her fullest fulfillment as a woman and citizen. The following also contribute: the probable inexistence and/or ineffectiveness of public health policies aimed at young people/adolescents, in terms of sexual and reproductive health services and health education, non-availability of contraceptives and more comprehensive information. Considering this framework, using knowledge from the theoretical-practical field of collective health, health education is proposed, through playful activities, characterizing it as a social project - social activism. The applicant is a nurse and will resume her experience as a former Girl Scout to work outside the school environment or health services, in Scouting events, as she has no link with the Guinean State. Final considerations: the analyzes about the phenomenon present a scenario full of possible obstacles - of cultural, religious, social, political, psychological, economic and environmental origin - to face unwanted pregnancy in adolescence. However, it is understood that it is possible to think of creative, friendly and shared actions with adolescents, which are meaningful and consider their experiences providing greater knowledge about the phenomenon and related issues.

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Phorbas is a widely studied genus of marine sponge and produce structurally rich cytotoxic metabolites. Still, only few studies have assessed metabolites present in Brazilian species. To circumvent redundancy, in this work, we applied and herein report the use of a scouting liquid chromatographic system associate to the design of experiment produced by the DryLab® software to obtain a fast and efficient chromatographic separation of the active hexane fraction, further enabling untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data. To this end, a crude hydroalcoholic extract of the sponge Phorbas amaranthus collected in Brazilian coast was prepared and partitioned. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract and the fractions was evaluated using tumor cell culture models. Fragmentation pathways assembled from HRMS data allowed the annotation of 18 known Phorbas metabolites, while 17 metabolites were inferred based on Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS), matching with a further 29 metabolites annotated through molecular subnetwork. The workflow employed demonstrates that chromatographic method development can be accelerated by the use of automated scouting systems and DryLab®, which is useful for profiling natural product libraries, as well as data curation by molecular clusters and should be incorporated to the tools of natural product chemists.

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AIM: To evaluate in a laboratory setting the performance of two reciprocating glide path systems, WaveOne Gold Glider (WO) and R-Pilot (RP), to create a glide path in mesial root canals of mandibular molars and to assess the torsional resistance of instruments after performing the glide path. METHODOLOGY: A total of 60 mesial root canals of extracted human mandibular molars were divided into two groups (n = 30) according to the glide path system to be used. The data from the volume of each canal, acquired by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), were validated statistically for the anatomical pairing of the groups. Preparation time, frequency in gaining apical patency, plastic deformation rate of instruments, and canal transportation and centring ability were recorded and compared statistically. The torsional fatigue of the instruments after use was also evaluated. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U-test with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between groups regarding the time required to perform the glide path, the frequency distributions of the canals classified as patent and the instruments with plastic deformation after use (P > 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups regarding the degree of canal transportation and centring ability at the cervical, middle and apical thirds (P > 0.05). The RP groups had significantly greater maximum torsional strength values compared with the WO groups (P < 0.05). The used WO group had greater angular deflection to fracture when compared to the new WO group (P < 0.05). A significant difference was also found in the percentage of loss of angular deflection in a comparison of the WO group with the RP group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The WO and RP instruments performed the same in terms of preparation time, plastic deformation, gaining apical patency, degree of canal transportation and centring ability. The RP instruments had greater torsional strength, less angular deflection and lower percentage of loss in angular deflection than the WO. The used WO group had the greatest angular deflection values.

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BACKGROUND: Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) poses treatment challenges. Invasive and noninvasive treatment modalities exist with variable success reported. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is emerging as an adjuvant diagnostic tool. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment of EMPD patients and the role of RCM. METHODS: Prospective study. Demographic and tumor characteristics were recorded. Handheld-RCM was performed and correlated with histology. Treatment, clearance, pathology, and follow-up were all recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-six EMPD lesions in 33 patients were included. Mean age was 71.7 years, and 23 were men. Mean number of surgical stages needed to clear margins was 1.9 (SD, 0.9; 1.0-3.0 stages), and mean margin needed to clear was 1.8 cm. Reflectance confocal microscopy correlated well with scouting punch biopsies (kappa, 0.93; p < .001). Disruption of the dermoepidermal junction was associated with invasive EMPD versus in situ (83.3% vs 25.9%) on histology (p = .01). LIMITATIONS: Relatively small sample size. CONCLUSION: Extramammary Paget disease is challenging, and lesion demarcation is of the utmost importance. Using a staged surgical excision approach, the mean margins needed were 1.8 cm, less than previously reported. Nonsurgical modalities, including radiation therapy, imiquimod, or photodynamic therapy can be considered if surgery is not pursued. Reflectance confocal microscopy is a valuable noninvasive imaging modality for the management of EMPD.

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BACKGROUND: In precision integrated pest management, management tactics are implemented only where and when needed, by identifying the sites where the pest population has reached economic thresholds. Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum (Linn.), is a vegetable cultivated worldwide, but its production is reduced by insect pests such as the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). To improve management, there is a need to understand B. tabaci spatial dynamics in tomato fields, which will elucidate colonization patterns and may improve management of this pest. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the spatial autocorrelation, distribution, and colonization patterns of B. tabaci in 19 commercial tomato fields through the growing season. RESULTS: A total of 69 isotropic variograms were fit for B. tabaci. The insect distribution was aggregated with a strong level of spatial dependence. Ranges of spatial dependence varied from 0.53 to 19.05 m and 0.5 to 20 m for adults and nymphs, respectively. Overall, densities of adults and nymphs were higher and reached the economic threshold mainly at the field edges. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a colonization pattern for B. tabaci starting at the edges and spreading inwards in to the tomato fields. This study can improve B. tabaci management in tomato fields, especially scouting and decision-making to treat fields. Scouting for this pest should be directed to the field edges, with sample points at least 20 m apart from each other for independent insect counts. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

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The small tomato borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée), is an important pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in South and Central America. This pest is a potential threat for many tomato-producing areas and was listed in 2014 as an A1 quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Soon after hatching, the neonate N. elegantalis larvae penetrate the fruits where they feed until pupation. Therefore, effective N. elegantalis management relies on the timely scouting of egg densities to allow decision-making prior to penetration of neonates into fruits. This study aimed to develop a conventional sampling plan for scouting N. elegantalis eggs on tomato plants. The most representative and precise sampling unit was the most basal fruit cluster for plants bearing up to three clusters (S1 plants). For plants with more than three fruit clusters (S2 plants), the most representative and precise sampling unit was the combination of the second and third fruit clusters. Among the four variables evaluated (eggs/fruit, egg masses/fruit, percentage fruit with eggs, and percentage clusters with eggs), the percentage of clusters with eggs was the most economical for N. elegantalis sampling based on the number of samples and cost required. For this variable, the number of samples determined at the 25% error level was 42 and 36 samples for S1 and S2 plants, respectively. The sampling plan developed for scouting N. elegantalis is fast, reflects pest infestation in tomato fields, and costs less than US$1.50 per field scouted.

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The invasive Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), expanded its range from Mexico to South Texas in the early 1980s. By 2008 the pest had moved into sugarcane- and rice-growing areas of East Texas and Louisiana, and by 2012 it was reported on noncrop host plants in Florida. Efforts to suppress E. loftini in United States sugarcane with chemicals and biological control agents were unsuccessful, so both tactics were discontinued, and E. loftini infestation of sugarcane has continued unchecked. During the last 15 years, however, research has focused on the pest's ecology, improved insecticides and scouting methods, the identification of sugarcane resistance mechanisms, and new cultural tactics. A surveillance technique was developed that indicates when larvae are most vulnerable to insecticide sprays. Currently, registered insecticides for E. loftini control are not widely applied, although some show promise, including an insect growth regulator. A number of potentially useful cultural practices are available, including plowing under fallow stubble, judicious use of fertilizer, adequate irrigation, avoiding proximity to E. loftini-susceptible maize cultivars, and enhancement of natural enemy populations. Demonstrated and potentially useful sugarcane resistance mechanisms involve physiochemical attributes, physical characteristics, and transgenic cultivars.

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Abstract The objective was to correlate specific technical skills (STS) with the psychophysiological performance. STS from 15 soccer athletes were collected by technical scouting of two matches. Countermovement jump, blood concentration of creatine kinase ([CK]), heart rate variability (HRV) and the scores of DALDA and POMS were also obtained 24 h after both matches. Predictive equations were elaborated, and POMS and DALDA scores were the only variables which fits the models for STS with high coefficient of determination (r2) for finalization (r2 = 0.85), interception (r2 = 0.73), pass right (r2 = 0.32), tackling (r2 = 0.69) and loss of ball (r2 = 0.35). The psychological variables identified through POMS and DALDA have shown greater influence on the STS.

Resumo O objetivo foi correlacionar variáveis psicofisiológicas com desempenho técnico específico (STS). As STS foram coletadas durante dois jogos amistosos através de scout técnico. Salto contramovimento, concentração sanguínea de creatina quinase ([CK]), variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (HRV) e os escores de POMS e DALDA também foram acessados. Equações preditivas foram testadas e os escores de POMS e DALDA formaram modelos de regressão com significância estatística e coeficiente de determinação (r2) expressivo para as STS de finalização (r2 = 0,85), interceptação (r2 = 0,73), passe certo (r2 = 0,32), roubada de bola (r2 = 0,69) e perda de posse de bola (r2 = 0,35). Variáveis psicológicas foram capazes de predizer o desempenho técnico em STS coletadas em scout de partidas de futebol.

Resumen El objetivo fue correlacionar habilidades técnicas específicas (STS) con evaluaciones psicofisiológicas. Las STS de 15 jugadores de fútbol se recogieron mediante técnica de scouting de dos partidos. Salto contramovimiento, concentración sanguínea de creatina-cinasa, variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y las puntuaciones de DALDA y POMS se obtuvieron 24 h después de ambos partidos. Se elaboraron ecuaciones predictivas y POMS y DALDA se ajustaron a los modelos con alto coeficiente de determinación (r2) para finalización (r2 = 0,85), interceptación (r2 = 0,73), pase correcto (r2 = 0,32), quite de balón (r2 = 0,69) y pérdida de balón (r2 = 0,35). Las variables psicológicas identificadas a través de POMS y DALDA han mostrado gran influencia en las STS.

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INTRODUCTION: Military personnel must remain physically active to meet operational requirements. Military physical training not only provides the performance capabilities required for performing occupational tasks but also fosters the development of sport. Thus, Armed Forces across the world have historically invested in developing elite- and Olympic-level athletes. This study aimed to assess the anthropometric and physiological differences among groups of Brazilian military athletes (MA), non-military athletes (A), and military non-athletes (M). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five individuals participated in the study: 17 MA (23.7 ± 4.8 years), 27 A (24.7 ± 5.3 years), and 31 M (26.9 ± 3.3 years). MA and A individuals specialized in endurance sports, and had a mean weekly training volume of (100.0 ± 34.8 and 106.3 ± 40.5 Km; F = 0.894, p = 0.6), respectively. Anthropometric measures and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2máx) were assessed in all participants. Ergospirometry and anthropometry variables were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for independent measures. Comparisons of weekly training volume (km) and training experience (years) were performed only between the A and MA using the Student's t-test for independent samples. For a multidimensional approach, Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed for all variables using the online tool MetaboAnalyst. RESULTS: We found no differences in anthropometric and physiological profiles between A and MA, but significant differences between M and MA/A in body mass index (kg/m2) (BMI), body fat percentage, fat mass (kg), waist circumference (cm) (WC), somatotype, and V̇O2máx (mL min-1 kg-1). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, military endurance athletes have similar anthropometric and physiological profiles to non-military athletes and superior levels to non-athlete military. These findings indicate that the Brazilian Armed Forces scouting system has been successful in identifying endurance athletic talent in line with their historic role of developing sport in Brazil.

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Encarsia formosa (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) has been used to control for the biological control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in greenhouse tomato crops. One aspect that influences the success of this method is the continuous availability of large numbers of E. formosa that enable the grower to release them at the proper time and in the quantity required. Rearing facilities of this parasitoid require reliable and low time-consuming methods for scouting populations of insects to forecast production. In this work, we develop a time-effective method for estimating insect populations in a mass rearing system with T. vaporariorum, using common bean plants as hosts. The population density of T. vaporariorum in highly infested leaves was determined to be 27.5 nymphs/cm2 using a linear regression model. Using an effort curve and binomial distribution, we determined that 14 and 54 leaves are the minimum number of sampling units required to estimate the T. vaporariorum nymphs and E. formosa pupae populations, respectively. A wasp ratio was determined by dividing the number of E. formosa produced by the total number used in the process. This index was higher when less than 7000 E. formosa were released per production batch in 1 week. When high populations of E. formosa are released in a batch, the production efficiency decreases, producing fewer new adults per adult used in the batch.

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The present study was aimed to test an electrochemical sensing approach for the detection of an active chemolithotrophic metabolism (and therefore the presence of chemolithotrophic microorganisms) by using the corrosion of pyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans as a model. Different electrochemical techniques were combined with adhesion studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experiments were performed in presence or absence of A. ferrooxidans and without or with ferrous iron in the culture medium (0 and 0.5 g L-1, respectively). Electrochemical parameters were in agreement with voltammetric studies and SEM showing that it is possible to distinguish between an abiotically-induced corrosion process (AIC) and a microbiologically-induced corrosion process (MIC). The results show that our approach not only allows the detection of chemolithotrophic activity of A. ferrooxidans but also can characterize the corrosion process. This may have different kind of applications, from those related to biomining to life searching missions in other planetary bodies.

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Social information exchange through physical contacts and chemical trail deposition forms the basis of food recruitment in leaf-cutting ants. The scout initiates the process and passes the information to nestmates that recruit more foragers, thus amplifying the stimulus and ensuring the success of foraging. An interruption of the contact between workers and a reduction in trail laying can diminish the effectiveness of mass recruitment and alter scouting activity and forager flow. This study verified an increase in scout trips as a consequence of inbound workers (with or without a plant load) removal during Atta sexdens foraging, sustaining the outbound flow of foragers, and consequently foraging activity, either through direct contact or chemical trail deposition. Data indicate as one of the roles of unladen workers along the foraging trail must be to stimulate other workers to go out and so speed up the recruitment process The remarkable ability to organize themselves without central control is a major strength of social insects and the increase in scouting activity observed here is an example of this behavioral flexibility in leaf-cutting ants. Although foraging performance is enhanced through communication between workers, the simple adjustment in scouting activity can maintain the outbound flow of foragers which is an essential activity of the colony.

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RESUMO: A Escola Normal Paulista foi lócus de promoção de inovações pedagógicas e de irradiação de saberes e práticas ao magistério primário. As práticas corporais de cultivo físico e estético, produtoras de uma educação do corpo, eram aquelas que os reformadores e os agentes da instrução pública tinham o interesse de difusão para ter um impacto sobre as Escolas Primárias, foco da regeneração social. Então, quais práticas que compuseram um sentido de educação do corpo estavam presentes na formação de normalistas (1890-1931)? Como resultado, centramos análises sobre a Ginástica e o Escotismo.

ABSTRACT: In the state of São Paulo, Brazil, the Normal School was responsible to spread pedagogic innovations and diffuse new knowledge and practices for primary school. We assume that physic and aesthetic corporal practices, producers of a body education and offered in Normal School, were those reformers and public institution officials who broadcast interest in having an impact grade schools, focusing on social regeneration. So, which practices composed a sense of this education of the body in teacher's training (1890-1931)? As a result, we focused the analyses on gymnastics and scouting.

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The recent spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and the Pacific has reached alarming levels in more than 60 countries. However, relatively little is known about the disease on a virological and epidemiological level and its consequences for humans. Accordingly, a large demand for in vitro derived Brazilian ZIKV material to support in vitro and in vivo studies has arisen. However, a prompt supply of ZIKV and ZIKV antigens cannot be guaranteed as the production of this virus typically using Vero or C6/36 cell lines remains challenging. Here we present a production platform based on BHK-21 suspension (BHK-21SUS) cells to propagate Brazilian ZIKV at larger quantities in perfusion bioreactors. Scouting experiments performed in tissue culture flasks using adherent BHK-21 and Vero cells have demonstrated similar permissivity and virus yields for four different Brazilian ZIKV isolates. The cell-specific yield of infectious virus particles varied between respective virus strains (1-48PFU/cell), and the ZIKV isolate from the Brazilian state Pernambuco (ZIKVPE) showed to be a best performing isolate for both cell lines. However, infection studies of BHK-21SUS cells with ZIKVPE in shake flasks resulted in poor virus replication, with a maximum titer of 8.9×103PFU/mL. Additional RT-qPCR measurements of intracellular and extracellular viral RNA levels revealed high viral copy numbers within the cell, but poor virus release. Subsequent cultivation in a perfusion bioreactor using an alternating tangential flow filtration system (ATF) under controlled process conditions enabled cell concentrations of about 1.2×107cells/mL, and virus titers of 3.9×107PFU/mL. However, while the total number of infectious virus particles was increased, the cell-specific yield (3.3PFU/cell) remained lower than determined in adherent cell lines. Nevertheless, the established perfusion process allows to provide large amounts of ZIKV material for research and is a first step towards process development for manufacturing inactivated or live-attenuated ZIKV vaccines.

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The scouting of alternative plasmonic materials able to enhance and extend the optical properties of noble metal nanostructures is on the rise. Aluminum is endowed with a set of interesting properties which turn it into an attractive plasmonic material. Here we present the optical and electronic features of different aluminum nanostructures stemming from a multilevel computational study. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations using a reactive force field (ReaxFF), carefully validated with Density Functional Theory (DFT), were employed to mimic the oxidation of icosahedral aluminum nanoclusters. Resulting structures with different oxidation degrees were then studied through the Time-Dependent Density Functional Tight Binding (TD-DFTB) method. A similar approach was used in aluminum nanoclusters with a disordered structure to study how the loss of crystallinity affects the optical properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that addresses this issue from the fully atomistic time-dependent approach by means of two different and powerful simulation tools able to describe quantum and physicochemical properties associated with nanostructured particles.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever a influência familiar nos hábitos alimentares de crianças de 6 a 10 anos que estão obesas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 20 familiares e 33 crianças, matriculadas em escolas do norte de Santa Catarina. Realizou-se aferição de medidas antropométricas, cálculo de índice de massa corpórea, entrevistas e atividade educativa. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizou-se um formulário semiestruturado. As entrevistas foram transcritas e tratadas segundo análise temática. Os dados resultaram em duas categorias:Percepção das famílias quanto aos hábitos, preferências e qualidade da alimentação dos filhos e Influência familiar na alimentação das crianças. Constatouse que as famílias já compreenderam que suas atitudes interferem na preferência alimentar dos filhos; que eles não possuem hábitos alimentares saudáveis, porque elas não os têm também; que existe dificuldade em ensinar bons costumes alimentares devido à falta de convivência diária entre os membros da família, pela longa jornada de trabalho dos pais. Dessa forma,a escola, depois da família, exerce forte influência nos hábitos alimentares das crianças, portanto são necessárias novas estratégias que fortaleçam a participação de todos os envolvidos na busca de recursos que ensinem às crianças hábitos saudáveis de vida. [AU]

The present study had as objective to describe the family influence on eating habits of children aged 6 to 10 years are obese. It is a descriptive exploratory research with qualitative approach. Attended 20 family and 33 children, enrolled in schools in the North of Santa Catarina. Scouting held of anthropometric measurements, calculation of body mass index, interviews and educational activity. For data collection, we used a semi-structured form. The interviews transcribed and treated according to thematic analysis. The data resulted in two categories: perception of families about the habits, preferences and quality of food the kids and family influence on children's nutrition. It noted that the families have already understood that their attitudes interfere with the feeding preference of children; they do not have healthy eating habits, because they do not have them, too; there is difficulty in teaching good food habits due to the lack of daily coexistence between family members, the long working hours of parents. In this way, the school after the family exerts strong influence Percepções das famílias sobre os hábitos alimentares da criança que está obesa on children's eating habits, so new strategies are needed to strengthen the participation of all those involved in the search for resources that teach children healthy habits for life. [AU]

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la influencia familiar en los hábitos alimentarios de niños de 6 a 10 años que están obesos. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva exploratoria con abordaje cualitativo. Participaron 20 familiares y 33 niños, inscriptos en escuelas del norte de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se realizó medición de medidas antropométricas, cálculo de índice de masa corporal, entrevistas y actividad educativa. Para la recolección de los datos, se utilizó un formulario semiestructurado. Las entrevistas fueron transcriptas y tratadas según análisis temático. Los datos resultaron en dos categorías: Percepción de las familias en cuanto a los hábitos, preferencias y calidad de la alimentación de los hijos; e Influencia familiar en la alimentación de los niños. Se constató que las familias ya han comprendido que sus actitudes interfieren en la preferencia alimentaria de los hijos; que estos no poseen hábitos alimentarios saludables, porque ellos tampoco los tienen; que existe dificultad de enseñar buenas costumbres alimentarias debido a la falta de convivencia diaria entre los miembros de la familia, por la larga jornada de trabajo de los padres. De esta manera, la escuela, después de la familia, ejerce fuerte influencia en los hábitos alimentarios de los niños, por lo tanto son necesarias nuevas estrategias que fortalezcan la participación de todos los involucrados en la búsqueda de recursos que enseñen a los niños hábitos saludables de vida. [AU]

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