RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats treated with two types of bisphosphonates (BPs), alendronate sodium (A) and zoledronic acid (Z). DESIGN: In all, 15 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group OTM+A: orthodontic tooth movement and subcutaneous administration of alendronate sodium (2.5 mg/kg); Group OTM+Z: orthodontic tooth movement and subcutaneous administration of zoledronic acid (0.02 mg/kg), and Group OTM: orthodontic tooth movement and subcutaneous injection of saline. The BPs were administered once a day during 25 days before OTM started and during 10 days of OTM. The left upper first molar was moved with a stainless-steel closed coil spring which delivered an initial force of 0.4N. OTM was measured with a digital caliper comparing the moved and the contralateral side. The histomorphometric analysis counted the number of osteoclasts, inflammatory cells, blood vessels and fibroblasts (n/104 m2 ) in periodontal ligament (PDL) of the distobuccal root. RESULTS: A reduction of 58.3% of OTM was found in Group OTM+A and 99.6% in Group OTM+Z, when compared with Group OTM. There was a significant decrease of osteoclasts and inflammatory cells in BP-treated groups. Blood vessels and fibroblastic cells decreased mainly in Group OTM+Z. CONCLUSION: Alendronate sodium and zoledronic acid have similar effects on the periodontal tissue during orthodontic treatment in rats. Especially, zoledronic acid can affect orthodontic tooth movement.
Assuntos
Alendronato/farmacologia , Remodelação Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Difosfonatos/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária , Animais , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ácido ZoledrônicoRESUMO
Preeclampsia is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have tested calcium supplementation and aspirin separately to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia but not the effects of combined supplementation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aspirin combined with calcium supplementation to prevent preeclampsia in women with chronic hypertension. A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was carried out at the antenatal clinic of a large university hospital in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. A total of 49 women with chronic hypertension and abnormal uterine artery Doppler at 20-27 weeks gestation were randomly assigned to receive placebo (N = 26) or 100 mg aspirin plus 2 g calcium (N = 23) daily until delivery. The main outcome of this pilot study was development of superimposed preeclampsia. Secondary outcomes were fetal growth restriction and preterm birth. The rate of superimposed preeclampsia was 28.6% lower among women receiving aspirin plus calcium than in the placebo group (52.2 vs 73.1%, respectively, P=0.112). The rate of fetal growth restriction was reduced by 80.8% in the supplemented group (25 vs 4.8% in the placebo vs supplemented groups, respectively; P=0.073). The rate of preterm birth was 33.3% in both groups. The combined supplementation of aspirin and calcium starting at 20-27 weeks of gestation produced a nonsignificant decrease in the incidence of superimposed preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in hypertensive women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Cálcio da Dieta/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/complicações , Pré-Eclâmpsia/prevenção & controle , Artéria Uterina/anormalidades , Brasil , Doença Crônica , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Projetos Piloto , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Pré-Eclâmpsia/etiologia , Projetos de Pesquisa , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia DopplerRESUMO
A study of vulnerability to fasciolosis was conducted in the experimental area of the Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The Geographic Information System was used to build a digital elevation model based on the best interpolator for the study area. From the analysis of the best interpolation, the matrix slope image was generated which was reclassified in order to discriminate only the range representative of the matrix class of: a) flat terrain of the study area (0-4%), converted to vector polygon format. On the composition of normal color and false-color imaging of the Geoeye satellite with 50 cm resolution, photointerpreting was used to establish the vector polygon classes of: b) floodplain, c) water bodies and d) pasture. The (straight line) distance function and linear patterning function (fuzzy function) were applied on these 4 vector polygon images. After the allocation of the statistical weights of each vector polygon class, the raster calculator function was used to generate the statistical mathematical model: vulnerability of the environmental action to fasciolosis. The Topo to Raster interpolation was the most appropriate digital elevation model. The slope map made it possible to show that the collection areas studied are located in places with low rates of slope. Percentages of 25 and 31% were found in areas of highest/high risk and medium-high risk respectively.
Um estudo de vulnerabilidade para fasciolose foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, IFES - Campus de Alegre, Espírito Santo. O Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) foi utilizado para a geração de um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) a partir do melhor interpolador para a área do estudo. A partir da análise do melhor interpolador, foi gerada a imagem matricial de declividade que foi reclassificada com o objetivo de discriminar apenas o intervalo representativo da classe matricial de: a) relevo plano da área de estudo (0 a 4%), convertida do formato matricial para o formato vetorial de polígono. Sobre a composição colorida normal e falsa-cor da imagem do satélite Geoeye com resolução espacial de 50 cm, foram fotointerpretadas as classes vetoriais poligonais de: b) várzea, c) corpos d'água e d) pastagem. Sobre essas 4 imagens vetoriais poligonais foi aplicada a função distância em linha reta (straight line) e a padronização linear (função Fuzzy). Após a atribuição dos pesos estatísticos de cada classe vetorial poligonal, foi utilizada a função denominada calculadora matricial (raster calculator) para geração do modelo matemático estatístico: vulnerabilidade da ação ambiental à fasciolose. O interpolador Topo to Raster foi o mais adequado neste estudo para geração do MDE. O mapa de declividade permitiu demonstrar que as áreas de coletas estudadas estão inseridas em locais que apresentaram índices baixos de declividade. Percentuais de 25 e 31% foram encontrados em áreas de altíssimo-alto risco e de alto-médio risco, respectivamente.
RESUMO
A study of vulnerability to fasciolosis was conducted in the experimental area of the Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The Geographic Information System was used to build a digital elevation model based on the best interpolator for the study area. From the analysis of the best interpolation, the matrix slope image was generated which was reclassified in order to discriminate only the range representative of the matrix class of: a) flat terrain of the study area (0-4%), converted to vector polygon format. On the composition of normal color and false-color imaging of the Geoeye satellite with 50 cm resolution, photointerpreting was used to establish the vector polygon classes of: b) floodplain, c) water bodies and d) pasture. The (straight line) distance function and linear patterning function (fuzzy function) were applied on these 4 vector polygon images. After the allocation of the statistical weights of each vector polygon class, the raster calculator function was used to generate the statistical mathematical model: vulnerability of the environmental action to fasciolosis. The Topo to Raster interpolation was the most appropriate digital elevation model. The slope map made it possible to show that the collection areas studied are located in places with low rates of slope. Percentages of 25 and 31% were found in areas of highest/high risk and medium-high risk respectively.
Um estudo de vulnerabilidade para fasciolose foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, IFES - Campus de Alegre, Espírito Santo. O Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) foi utilizado para a geração de um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) a partir do melhor interpolador para a área do estudo. A partir da análise do melhor interpolador, foi gerada a imagem matricial de declividade que foi reclassificada com o objetivo de discriminar apenas o intervalo representativo da classe matricial de: a) relevo plano da área de estudo (0 a 4%), convertida do formato matricial para o formato vetorial de polígono. Sobre a composição colorida normal e falsa-cor da imagem do satélite Geoeye com resolução espacial de 50 cm, foram fotointerpretadas as classes vetoriais poligonais de: b) várzea, c) corpos d'água e d) pastagem. Sobre essas 4 imagens vetoriais poligonais foi aplicada a função distância em linha reta (straight line) e a padronização linear (função Fuzzy). Após a atribuição dos pesos estatísticos de cada classe vetorial poligonal, foi utilizada a função denominada calculadora matricial (raster calculator) para geração do modelo matemático estatístico: vulnerabilidade da ação ambiental à fasciolose. O interpolador Topo to Raster foi o mais adequado neste estudo para geração do MDE. O mapa de declividade permitiu demonstrar que as áreas de coletas estudadas estão inseridas em locais que apresentaram índices baixos de declividade. Percentuais de 25 e 31% foram encontrados em áreas de altíssimo-alto risco e de alto-médio risco, respectivamente.