RESUMO

There are more than 200 species and subspecies of Neotropical Primates of which more than 40% are listed as threatened by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Both in situ and ex situ conservation programs can benefit from the use of assisted reproductive technologies. The objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, cryopreservation techniques for Alouatta caraya semen. Semen samples were collected from five adult males, analyzed, and frozen in either Test-egg yolk or Test-soy lecithin-based extenders containing either 3 or 4% glycerol. Frozen-thawed samples were analyzed at 10, 40, and 80 min post-thaw. Egg yolk-based extenders were overall better than soy lecithin-based extenders. There was no significant difference between 3 and 4% glycerol in any of the parameters analyzed, however, 4% glycerol in egg yolk-based extender produced more favorable results for total motility, intact plasma membrane, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation index. This study brought novel information on semen characteristics and cryopreservation aspects for A. caraya, which can help shape future experiments to improve the outcome of frozen-thawed sperm for this and other species of Neotropical primates.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A female juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas), found alive in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was weak, dehydrated and cachectic, with a healed fracture in the caudal portion of the carapace. Despite supportive treatment, the animal died after 9 days. At necropsy the main lesions were pallor of visceral organs, arthritis and deposits of whitish granular material in the wall of large arteries and the trachea. Histopathological analysis revealed mild to severe deposition of crystals, consistent with calcium oxalate, in both kidneys and the spleen, heart, small intestine, pancreas, thymus and salt gland, as well as bacterial meningitis, septic arthritis, spirorchidiasis and a fibropapilloma on the nictitating membrane. The main pathological findings were suggestive of septic shock, mainly due to the bacterial meningitis and septic arthritis, with systemic oxalosis and spirorchidiasis as contributing lesions. Although renal oxalosis has been described in green turtles as an incidental finding, presumably due to ingestion of oxalate-containing plants, this turtle had an unusual systemic deposition of oxalate crystals.

Assuntos

RESUMO

River dolphins are a highly threatened polyphyletic group comprised of four odontocete families: Iniidae, Pontoporiidae, Lipotidae, and Platanistidae, the first two endemic to South America. To address the knowledge gap regarding infectious agents in this cetacean group, we surveyed the presence of herpesviruses by PCR in skin and/or blood samples of live-captured Amazon (Inia geoffrensis, n = 25) and Bolivian (Inia boliviensis, n = 22) river dolphins of the Amazon basin and in selected tissue samples of franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei, n = 27) stranded or bycaught in southeastern Brazil. Additionally, available franciscana tissue samples were examined by histopathology. Herpesvirus DNA was amplified in 13 Bolivian river dolphins (59.1%, 95% CI 38.5-79.6%) and 14 franciscanas (51.9%, 95% CI 33.0-70.7%). All Amazon river dolphins were herpesvirus-negative. Two different herpesviruses were found in Bolivian river dolphins: a previously known gammaherpesvirus detected in blood and/or skin samples of all positive individuals and a novel alphaherpesvirus in the skin of one animal. A new gammaherpesvirus was found in several franciscana samples-the first herpesvirus recorded in Pontoporiidae. Intranuclear inclusion bodies consistent with herpesvirus were observed in the lymph node of one franciscana. The high divergence among the obtained herpesviruses and those previously described can be explained by viral-host coevolution, and by the fact that these populations are fairly isolated.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) is an endangered Neotropical primate. Semen collection and description of its traits, as well as testicular morphometry, have never been reported for this species. METHODS: Testicles from five healthy adult captive southern muriqui were measured, and semen was collected by rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A solid coagulum was identified in all ejaculates, and none of them liquefied, spontaneously or non-spontaneously. It was possible to collect semen using RPE, and although solids coagula did not liquefy, we managed to describe ejaculates characteristics and also confirmed that southern muriqui have relatively large testes size. Further investigations are needed to improve coagulum handling, to achieve a better spermatozoa recovery aiming its application in assisted reproductive technologies.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim this study was to evaluate the efficiency of in natura coconut water solution at 37º C as seminal extender. Were analyzed fifteen ejaculates collected from 5 adult Cebus apella by electroejaculation. The means volumes of liquid and coagulated fractions were 0.26 + 0.06 mL and 0.98 + 0.02 mL, respectively. The sperm concentration in the liquid fraction (2.1 x 108 + 0.5 108 mL) was lower than liquefied fraction (1.6 x 109+ 0.9 109 mL) (p = 0.05). The mean percentage of live spermatozoa after 7 hours incubated at 37 C was 72 + 3%. Only in one sample was observed sperm motility (20%) and vigor (2). The results suggest that electroejaculation protocol using 100mA maximum amperage is efficient to obtain semen from adult Cebus apella. The coconut water extender can be used to maintain sperm viability for up to 7 hours at 37 C. However, studies are necessary to evaluate the sperm functionality extended in natura coconut water based solution.KEY WORDS: Cebus apella, electroejaculation water, extender, semen.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de um diluidor de sêmen à base de água de coco in natura a 37 C na dissolução da fração coagulada e conservação do sêmen de macacos-prego. Analisaram-se quinze ejaculados colhidos de cinco (n=5) machos adultos de Cebus apella através de eletroejaculação. Os volumes médios das frações líquida e coagulada foram 0,26 + 0,06 mL e 0,98 + 0,02 mL, respectivamente. A fração líquida apresentou baixa concentração média de espermatozoides (210. 106 + 50 106 mL) em relação à fração coagulada (1600. 106+ 900 106 mL) (p ? 0,05). O percentual médio de espermatozoides vivos após sete horas de incubação a 37C foi 72 + 3%. Em apenas uma amostra observaram-se 20% de motilidade e vigor 2. Os resultados sugerem que o protocolo de eletroejaculação utilizando amperagem máxima de 100 mA é eficaz para a obtenção de sêmen de Cebus apella e que o diluidor à base de água de coco pode ser utilizado para manter a viabilidade dos espermatozoides a 37 C  por até sete horas. Contudo, são necessários testes adicionais para avaliar a funcionalidade desses espermatozoides após a diluição do sêmen em água de coco in natura. Palavras chave: Água de coco, Cebus apella, diluidor, eletroejaculação, sêmen.

RESUMO

The aim this study was to evaluate the efficiency of in natura coconut water solution at 37º C as seminal extender. Were analyzed fifteen ejaculates collected from 5 adult Cebus apella by electroejaculation. The means volumes of liquid and coagulated fractions were 0.26 + 0.06 mL and 0.98 + 0.02 mL, respectively. The sperm concentration in the liquid fraction (2.1 x 108 + 0.5 108 mL) was lower than liquefied fraction (1.6 x 109+ 0.9 109 mL) (p = 0.05). The mean percentage of live spermatozoa after 7 hours incubated at 37 C was 72 + 3%. Only in one sample was observed sperm motility (20%) and vigor (2). The results suggest that electroejaculation protocol using 100mA maximum amperage is efficient to obtain semen from adult Cebus apella. The coconut water extender can be used to maintain sperm viability for up to 7 hours at 37 C. However, studies are necessary to evaluate the sperm functionality extended in natura coconut water based solution.KEY WORDS: Cebus apella, electroejaculation water, extender, semen.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de um diluidor de sêmen à base de água de coco in natura a 37 C na dissolução da fração coagulada e conservação do sêmen de macacos-prego. Analisaram-se quinze ejaculados colhidos de cinco (n=5) machos adultos de Cebus apella através de eletroejaculação. Os volumes médios das frações líquida e coagulada foram 0,26 + 0,06 mL e 0,98 + 0,02 mL, respectivamente. A fração líquida apresentou baixa concentração média de espermatozoides (210. 106 + 50 106 mL) em relação à fração coagulada (1600. 106+ 900 106 mL) (p ? 0,05). O percentual médio de espermatozoides vivos após sete horas de incubação a 37C foi 72 + 3%. Em apenas uma amostra observaram-se 20% de motilidade e vigor 2. Os resultados sugerem que o protocolo de eletroejaculação utilizando amperagem máxima de 100 mA é eficaz para a obtenção de sêmen de Cebus apella e que o diluidor à base de água de coco pode ser utilizado para manter a viabilidade dos espermatozoides a 37 C  por até sete horas. Contudo, são necessários testes adicionais para avaliar a funcionalidade desses espermatozoides após a diluição do sêmen em água de coco in natura. Palavras chave: Água de coco, Cebus apella, diluidor, eletroejaculação, sêmen.

RESUMO

This study sought to assess anatomopathological aspects of a case of testicular atrophy in a specimen of Alouatta caraya kept in captivity at the Centro Nacional de Primatas - CENP/SVS/MS. Semen and biometrical exams were performed for the testicles. The results demonstrated that the animal presented azoospermia and in the biometric exam the right testicle presented an average volume of 0.438cm and the left one 0.407cm, values considerably below of those recorded in the literature for normal males of the species. Upon inspection, both testicles presented a firmer consistency that usual and the parenchyma cut was darker. The histopathological exam revealed a marked reduction in the number of seminiferous tubules; some were totally atrophied and hyalinized. In others there was an absence of the germinative epithelium and presence of vacuolized Sertoli cells while the interstitial (Leydig) cells were found proliferated. It is concluded that gonadopathy was the result of a degenerative process, with the lesion at a stage of chronicity. Keywords: Alouatta caraya, testicular atrophy, reproduction.

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar aspectos anatomopatológicos de um caso de atrofia testicular em Alouatta caraya mantido em cativeiro no Centro Nacional de Primatas - CENP/SVS/MS. Foi realizado exame de sêmen e biométrico dos testículos. Os resultados demonstraram que o animal apresentava azoospermia e no exame biométrico, o testículo direito apresentou volume médio de 0,438cm e o esquerdo 0,407cm, valores bastante inferiores aos registrados na literatura para machos normais da espécie. Na inspeção ambos os testículos apresentavam consistência mais firme que a habitual e ao corte o parênquima mostrou-se mais escuro. No exame histopatológico foi verificada redução acentuada no número de túbulos seminíferos, alguns se encontravam totalmente atrofiados e hialinizados, outros com ausência do epitélio germinativo e presença de células de Sertoli vacuolizadas enquanto que as células intersticiais (Leydig) se apresentavam proliferadas. Conclui-se que a gonadopatia resultou de processo degenerativo, estando a lesão num estágio de cronicidade. Palavras-Chave: Alouatta caraya, atrofia testicular, reprodução.