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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease whose transmission is linked to multiple factors involving the interface between animals, humans, and the environment. This disease is of great importance for public health, as it profoundly affects the health aspects of the population and animals. Considering the importance of non-human primates in this epidemiological chain, the objective of this research was to conduct a systematic literature review with meta-analysis, providing information on leptospirosis in non-human primates (NHPs) and an update on the infection situation in Brazil and other countries. Thus, a search was performed in five databases, initially finding 3332 studies, of which 32 met the eligibility criteria and were used for the systematic review. According to them, the most prevalent serogroup in non-human primates was Icterohaemorrhagiae, which is adapted to rodents as primary hosts. A wide distribution of the infection was found in the regions of both wild and captive animals. Through meta-analysis, the seroprevalence rate of leptospirosis in non-human primates was 27.21% (CI 17.97-38.95%). Cochran's Q test (p < 0.01) identified heterogeneity between studies, classified as high by the Higgins and Thompson test (I2 = 92.4%). Therefore, seroepidemiological and Leptospira isolation studies in non-human primates are important to investigate and monitor the suspected impact of these species as maintainers or transmitters of the pathogen to humans and other wild and domestic animals, in addition to demonstrating the need for standardization related to control and prevention measures.

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Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers embedded with borate glasses of 45B5 composition doped with Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2 +(46.1 B2O326.9-X CaO24.4 Na2O2.6 P2O5, X CoO/CuO/ZnO mol % (X = 0-5)) were produced by electrospinning for wound healing applications. Prior to their addition, the glasses exhibited two broad halos typical of a vitreous borate network, which were mainly composed of ring-type metaborate structural units. The particle distribution in the PHBV nanofibers embedded with 45B5 borate bioactive glasses is present in isolated and agglomerated states, being partially coated by a polymeric layer-except for the cobalt-doped glass, which resulted in a successful encapsulation with 100% embedding efficiency. The incorporation of the glasses reduced the PHBV crystallinity degree and its decomposition temperature, as well as its mechanical properties, including Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The neat PHBV fibers and those containing the cobalt-doped glasses demonstrated great cytocompatibility with human keratinocytes (HaCat), as suggested by the high cell viability after 7 days of exposure. Further studies are needed to fully understand the wound healing potential of these fibers, but our results significantly contribute to the area.

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Wheat bran is one of the most abundant by-products from grain milling, which can be used as substrate for solid-state fermentation (SSF) to obtain enzymes able to convert this agro-industrial waste into glucose syrup, which in turn can be applied for the production of different food products. The present study aimed to determine centesimal composition of wheat bran, obtain enzymatic extract that converts wheat bran into wheat glucose syrup (WGS), produce rice flakes cereal bars (RFCB), and evaluate their nutritional composition and the presence of functional compounds, as well as their antioxidant potential. Determination of centesimal composition of wheat bran demonstrated its nutritional potential. Enzymatic extract was obtained and it converted wheat bran into WGS, which were applied to rice flakes producing RFCB. These cereal bars proved to be a source of dietary fiber (1.8 g) and soluble protein (7.2 g) while RCFB produced with corn glucose syrup did not present these nutritional components. In addition, RFCB produced with WGS showed polyphenolic compounds, among them flavonoids, which exhibited antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging (47.46% and 711.89 µM Trolox Equivalent/g, respectively), and iron ion reduction (71.70 µM Trolox equivalent/g). Final product showed a decrease in caloric value and sodium content. Therefore, the present study showed that the bioprocess of SSF yields a nutritional, ecological, and functional food product, which might be of great interest for food industry, adding nutritional and functional value to a well-stablished product.

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BACKGROUND: Enzymatic degradation mediated by beta-lactamases constitutes one of the primary mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria. This enzyme family comprises four molecular classes, categorized into serine beta-lactamases (Classes A, C, and D) and zinc-dependent metallo-beta-lactamases (Class B). Gram-negative bacteria producing beta-lactamase are of significant concern, particularly due to their prevalence in nosocomial infections. A comprehensive understanding of the evolution and dissemination of this enzyme family is essential for effective control of these pathogens. In this study, we conducted the prospecting, phylogenetic analysis, and in silico analysis of beta-lactamases and homologous proteins identified in 1827 bacterial genomes with phenotypic data on beta-lactam resistance. These genomes were distributed among Klebsiella pneumoniae (45%), Acinetobacter baumannii (31%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%), Escherichia coli (6%), and Enterobacter spp. (4%). Using an HMM profile and searching for conserved domains, we mined 2514, 8733, 5424, and 2957 proteins for molecular classes A, B, C, and D, respectively. This set of proteins encompasses canonical subfamilies of beta-lactamases as well as hypothetical proteins and other functional groups. Canonical beta-lactamases were found to be phylogenetically distant from hypothetical proteins, which, in turn, are closer to other representatives of the penicillin-binding-protein (PBP-like) and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) families. The catalytic amino acid residues characteristic of beta-lactamases were identified from the sequence alignment and revealed that motifs are less conserved in homologous groups than in beta-lactamases. After comparing the frequency of protein groups in genomes of resistant strains with those of sensitive ones applying Fisher's exact test and relative risk, it was observed that some groups of homologous proteins to classes B and C are more common in the genomes of resistant strains, particularly to carbapenems. We identified the beta-lactamase-like domain widely distributed in gram-negative species of the ESKAPEE group, which highlights its importance in the context of beta-lactam resistance. Some hypothetical homologous proteins have been shown to potentially possess promiscuous activity against beta-lactam antibiotics, however, they do not appear to expressly determine the resistance phenotype. The selective pressure due to the widespread use of antibiotics may favor the optimization of these functions for specialized resistance enzymes.

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In this work, iron-bearing mining reject was employed as an alternative and potential low-cost catalyst to degrade phenol in water by photo-Fenton strategy. Various techniques, including SEM-EDS, BET, FTIR, and XRD, were applied to evaluate the material's properties. Process parameters such as hydrogen peroxide concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH were studied to determine the optimum reaction conditions ([catalyst] = 0.75 g L-1, [H2O2] = 7.5 mM, and pH = 3). Phenol degradation and mineralization efficiencies at 180 and 300 min were 96.5 and 78%, respectively. These satisfactory results can be associated with the iron amount present in the waste sample. Furthermore, the material showed high catalytic activity and negligible iron leaching even after the fourth reuse cycle. The degradation behavior of phenol in water was well represented by a kinetic model based on the Fermi function. The iron-bearing mining reject can be considered a potential photo-Fenton catalyst for phenol degradation in wastewater.

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The development of bioactive membranes with bone repair properties is great interest in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, we aimed to fabricate and characterize a composite membrane composed of sol-gel synthesized bioceramics and electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers for bone tissue regeneration applications. The bioceramics were prepared using the sol-gel method with nitrate (N) and chloride (CL) as precursors. PCL and bioceramic solutions were electrospun to obtain ultrafine fiber mats. Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the materials. The results showed that both chlorinated and non-chlorinated bioceramics contained NBOs (non-bridge bonds) and crystallized the α-wollastonite phase, with the chlorinated version doing so at lower temperatures. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and mineralized matrix formation on the membranes. The composite membranes showed improved cell viability and promoted mineralization nodules formation. This study presents a promising approach for the development of bioactive membranes for bone tissue engineering, with potential applications in bone regeneration therapies.

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In this study, coal bottom ash from a thermoelectric plant was tested as an alternative Fenton catalyst for phenol degradation in water. The effect of operating parameters such as initial pH, catalyst dosage and H2O2 concentration were evaluated. The characterization results indicated that the material has a mesoporous structure, with active species (Fe) well distributed on its surface. Under the optimal reaction conditions (6 mM H2O2, 1 g L-1 of catalyst and pH = 3), 98.7% phenol degradation efficiency was achieved in 60 min, as well as 71.6% TOC removal after 150 min. Hydroxyl radical was identified as the main oxidizing agent involved on the cleavage of the phenol molecule. After four consecutive reuse cycles, phenol degradation efficiency was around 80%, indicating good reusability and stability of the catalyst. Therefore, the obtained results demonstrated that the bottom ash presents remarkable activity for application in the Fenton reaction towards phenol degradation.

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Comparative anatomy the basis for studies of evolution, and radiographic and tomographic aspects, as auxiliary methods in the investigation of anatomical particularities, reinforce evolutionary research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the vertebrae, sternum, and ribs of the capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) by means of anatomical dissection and radiographic and tomographic images. To this purpose, four cadavers were used in the anatomical analysis and five living animals for the imaging exams. The bones were described and compared with data from other primates species found in literature. Student's t-test for independent samples was performed. The vertebral column of the comprises seven cervical, 13 or 14 thoracic, five or six lumbar, two or three sacral, and 23 or 24 caudal vertebrae. The atlas is characterized by three foramina on the wing. The seventh cervical vertebra had a transverse foramen in one specimen. The anticlinal vertebra is always the penultimate thoracic one, the ninth pair of ribs is always the last sternal pair, and the last two are buoyant. The sternal was composed of five or six sternebrae. The lumbar vertebrae showed a bifurcated spinous process. Three different sacral morphologies were observed. The structures identified macroscopically could be well determined through radiographic and tomographic images. S. libidinosus presented anatomical characteristics more similar to those of man and of platirrinos monkeys. The knowledge obtained by macroscopic anatomy and tomographic and radiological exams contributes significantly to comparative evolutionary studies.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify associations with voice disorders in elementary school teachers of a Brazilian municipality STUDY DESIGN: This was a quantitative cross-sectional and analytical study with probability sampling carried out in the 2016 school year METHOD: Self-report of vocal complaints was used for the dependent variable vocal disorder. The independent variables were sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, working conditions that generate discomfort, habits and behaviors, mental health and self-perception of health. For the evaluation of the Burnout Syndrome (BS), the questionnaire Cuestionário para la Evaluación del Syndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) was used and, for depression, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale instrument. Multiple fit models were used applying the Binary Logistic Regression RESULTS: A total of 634 teachers participated in this study. There was a predominance of women (85.3%) with mean age 40.6 years (SD ±9.5); 62.1% were married, 70.2% had children and a mean teaching time of 12.9 years (SD ±8.4); 19.3% had voice disorders; 14.5% experienced BS and 24.0% depression. Voice disorders were associated with women (OR=2.30) working longer weekly hours (OR=1.75), with psycho-emotional problems, with burnout (OR=1.95) and depressive symptoms (OR=1.70), and were also associated with women who reported negative self-perception of health (OR= 1.97) CONCLUSION: Voice disorders appear to be strongly associated with mental health problems, mainly in women, in those with a longer working week and those who reported a negative perception of health. Public policies are required to prevent psycho-emotional problems and for vocal health promotion of the teaching category.

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The development of nanoscale biomaterials associated with polymers has been growing over the years, due to their important structural characteristics for applications in biological systems. The present study aimed to produce and test polymeric scaffolds composed of polylactic acid (PLA) fibers associated with a 58S bioglass doped with therapeutic ions for use in tissue engineering. Three 58S Bioglass was obtained by the sol-gel route, pure and doped with 5% strontium and cobalt ions. Solutions of 7% PLA was used as control and added the three different bioglass, 4% of 58S bioglass (PLA-BG), 4% bioglass-doped strontium (PLA-BGSr) and 4% bioglass-doped cobalt (PLA-BGCo). Scaffolds were produced through electrospinning process, and was characterized chemical and morphologically. The in vitro tests were performed using mesenchymal cells cultures from femurs of nine rats, grown in osteogenic supplemented total culture medium. After osteoblastic differentiation induction cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content quantification, and visualization of mineralization nodule tests were performed. Analysis of normal distribution used the Shapiro-Wilk test (nanofibers diameter and biological assay). Data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (p = 0.05). The bioglasses produced proved to be free of nitrate, chlorinated and nano-sized, with effective incorporation of therapeutic ions in their structure. All materials showed cell viability (>70%), total protein production, and alkaline phosphatase activity. It was possible to develop polylactic acid scaffolds associated with 58S bioglass doped with therapeutic ions without cytotoxicity. Scaffolds characteristics appear to sustain its application in bone tissue engineering.

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The objective was to synthesize and characterize fine polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers associated with a new 58S bioglass obtained by the precipitated sol-gel route, produced by the electrospinning process in order to incorporate therapeutic ions (Mg and Li). In PCL/acetone solutions were added 7% pure bioglass, bioglass doped with Mg(NO3 )2 and Li2 CO3 and were subjected to electrospinning process. The fibers obtained were characterized morphologically, chemically and biologically. The results showed the presence of fine fibers at the nanometric scale and with diameters ranging from 0.67 to 1.92 µm among groups. Groups containing bioglass showed particles both inside and on the surface of the fibers. The components of the polymer, bioglass and therapeutic ions were present in the fibers produced. The produced fibers showed cell viability and induced the formation of mineralization nodules. It was observed the applicability of that methodology in making an improved biomaterial, which adds the osteoinductive properties of the bioglass to PCL and to those of therapeutic ions, applicable to guided bone regeneration.

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Macroscopic bone analysis and evaluation through imaging methods are essential in the recognition of natural and altered structures. Therefore, this study aimed at describing the osteology the thoracic limb of Sapajus libidinosus in bone pieces, identifying them in radiographic and tomographic images. For this, four cadavers were used in the macroscopic analysis and five animals for the imaging exams, of which four were euthanized and added to the macroscopic stage. For imaging exams, the animals were kept anesthetized. All bones were documented, structures described, and compared with literature data from human and nonhuman primates. There was no statistical difference between males and females regarding the length of the forelimb bones. Most of the bone structures of the scapula were well identified in the imaging methods, being more restricted in the ventrodorsal projection. The clavicle presented very limited visualization. The humerus, as well as the radius and ulna, were not well portrayed in their proximal and distal epiphyses by radiography. However, they were well identified on tomography. All structures described in the macroscopic image of the carpal and metacarpal bones could be identified through radiography and tomography, and the radiographic examination of this region is an excellent method for identifying fractures. The glenoid notch of the scapula was not visualized by any imaging method. S. libidinosus presented anatomical characteristics more similar to those of neotropical primates and man, being a great indicator of an experimental model for studies in these species.

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The knowledge of anatomy and imaging exams emerges as an important tool in the study of evolutionary processes of a species, in the elaboration of diagnosis, and the successful choice of the appropriate clinical and surgical procedures. Therefore, this study aims to describe the osteology of the hind limb of Sapajus libidinosus by means of gross, radiographic, and tomographic images. Four cadavers were used in the macroscopic analysis and five animals for the imaging exams, of which four were eventually euthanized and added to the macroscopic study. For imaging exams, they were kept anesthetized. All bones of the hind limb were documented, their structures were described, and compared with data in the literature from human and nonhuman primates. We have performed Student's t test for independent samples. There was no statistical difference between the sexes regarding the length of the hind limb bones. The coxal bone was largely well described using imaging methods. A small penile bone was present at the tip of the penis and it could be identified by all analysis methods. The femur, as well as the tibia and fibula, were not well portrayed in their proximal and distal epiphyses by radiography (Rx). However, they were well identified on tomography. No third trochanter was observed in the femur and the patella had a triangular shape. All the structures described by gross anatomy of the tarsus and metatarsus could be identified by Rx and tomography. More subtle structures, such as the popliteal notch on the tibia, and the gluteal tuberosity pectineal line and facies aspera on the coxal bone, were not identified by medical imaging. S. libidinosus presented anatomical characteristics that were similar to those of larger New World and Old World monkeys, including man. This suggests it's value as an experimental model for studies in recent primates.

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Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, WAGLER 1831) have been studied in captivity as a potential source of meat for rural populations in Brazil, as a way of providing low-cost protein and easing hunting pressures in local communities. However, little is known about their physiological blood markers, which are crucial for animal husbandry and effective welfare management. This study provides hemogasometric and ionic venous parameters for female agoutis raised in captivity in the drylands of Brazil. Venous blood samples were collected from six females and analyzed for dissolved gases and ions in the blood. Hemogasometric parameters, especially base excess and anion gap were generally heterogenous, while ions varied little among individuals. Moreover, we observed high chlorine values and negative base excess values, which suggest that some animals might be implementing compensatory mechanisms for ion imbalances. We provide a preliminary note on agouti venous gases and ions, while reiterating the importance of the clinical context and in-house parameter definition to maximize accuracy.

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BACKGROUND: Callithrix jacchus, it is a species highly targeted by wild animal traffickers and, when apprehended, they need veterinary care. For safe therapeutic procedures, knowledge of anatomy is essential, as well as for diagnostic by imaging, good radiographic positioning is essential. METHODS: The anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and the radiographic projections was described using 10 carcasses of common marmosets. Radiographs were taken in two panoramic views of their head: profile and frontal-naso. For the anatomical study, paramedian and transverse macroscopic sections and microscopic transverse sections were performed. RESULTS: On the radiographs, it was possible to identify the frontal recess and maxillary sinuses in profile and frontal-naso incidences. In the anatomical study, the frontal recess and maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid paranasal sinuses were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The ethmoidal sinus could be observed only microscopically and the sphenoidal sinus difficult to see on the radiography due to the overlapping adjoining structures.

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This study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with abdominal obesity in climacteric women assisted at Family Health Strategy units of the city of Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional analytical study. The women were selected by probabilistic sampling from August 2014 to August 2015. A questionnaire containing information referring to sociodemographic and economic characteristics, behavioral characteristics and clinical data was used. To estimate abdominal obesity, the measure of circumference ≥ 88 cm was considered. To analyze the association between abdominal obesity and the independent variables, a bivariate analysis was performed by means of Pearson's chi-square test (p≤0.25). Subsequently, a multiple Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed, through which prevalence ratios with level of significance of 5% (p<0.05) were obtained. A total of 805 women were evaluated, aged 40 to 65 years, and the prevalence of women with abdominal obesity was 62.4%. The mean and median of abdominal circumference were 93.0 cm. The associated variables were being sedentary (PR = 1.44) or irregularly active (PR = 1.39), presenting altered total cholesterol (PR = 1.21), and being hypertensive (PR = 1.31). The abdominal obesity in climacteric women was associated with physical inactivity, total cholesterol and arterial hypertension. The measurement of abdominal circumference must be valued and adopted in the routine of professionals who work in Primary Care.

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INTRODUCTION: The morphological study of wild animals serves as a base for more advanced studies in clinical medicine, surgery, and pathology. Due to an urgent need and demand for professionals specialized in this area, studies of this nature have become indispensable and so the objective of the present study was to describe the heart morphology of Callithrix jacchus. METHODS: Ten anatomic pieces of common marmoset were used. The hearts were removed and dissected for better visualization and thus to makes a detailed description of the structures of the organ of the C jacchus species. RESULTS: The C jacchus heart is similar to that of other mammals, with small anatomical modifications such as division of the apex by the interventricular grooves, shallow fossa ovalis, and less salient intervenous tubercle. CONCLUSIONS: This study may serve as taxonomic base for research and also as a basis for clinical and surgical procedures with the C jacchus.

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BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to study the anatomy of the respiratory system of Sapajus libidinosus. METHODS: Ten corpses of adult animals were used. To analyze the bronchial tree, transparent acetic silicone was injected and then dissected. RESULTS: The trachea presented a mean of 32 rings. These spaces were delimited for tracheostomy and tracheotomy between the 1st and 3rd ring or between the 9th and 11th ring, and for thoracocentesis at the 7th or 8th intercostal space. For tracheostomy and tracheotomy, the best access point was in the ventral region of the neck and transverse incision of the rings. For thoracocentesis, cranioventral insertion of the catheter is recommended in the 8th intercostal space. CONCLUSIONS: The trachea and lung anatomy applied to clinical and surgical procedures the robust capuchin monkey is similar to both wild and domestic carnivores.

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Objetivo: Conhecer as dificuldades que o idoso apresenta após mudança de moradia e que influenciam para os sintomas de depressão. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 14 idosos, em 2018, residentes em um conjunto habitacional para idosos localizado na cidade de Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brasil. Empregou-se entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta de dados, sendo os depoimentos decompostos e organizados por meio do processo metodológico do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, emergindo três ideias centrais, descritas a seguir: conflitos familiares; dificuldade nas relações interpessoais e isolamento social como desencadeador da depressão. Resultados: Os participantes desta pesquisa possuem uma rede social escassa e poucas relações significativas. Além disso, retratam dificuldades nas relações interpessoais e conflitos com seus familiares. Conclusão: No presente estudo, pode-se ver sentimentos que podem resultar no surgimento da sintomatologia depressiva, como sentimento de solidão, dificuldades de convivência e isolamento social, apesar do programa habitacional oferecer assistência à saúde e espaços de convivência para a interação social e lazer.

Objective: To know the difficulties faced by older adults after moving house that influence depression symptoms. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study was carried out in 2018 with 14 older adults living in a housing complex for older adults located in the city of Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and the accounts were decomposed and organized following the Collective Subject Discourse methodological process, which resulted in the emergence of three core ideas as follows: family conflicts; difficulties in interpersonal relationships; and social isolation as a trigger of depression. Results: The research participants had poor social networks and few meaningful relationships. In addition, they reported difficulties in interpersonal relationships and conflicts with their families. Conclusion: The present study revealed feelings that can result in the onset of depression symptoms, such as feelings of loneliness, difficulties in co-living, and social isolation, although the housing program offers health care and spaces for social interaction and leisure.

Objetivo: Conocer las dificultades de la persona mayor después del cambio de vivienda que influyen en los síntomas de la depresión. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cualitativo realizado en 2018 con 14 mayores que vivían en un conjunto habitacional para mayores localizado en la ciudad de Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brasil. Para la recogida de datos se ha realizado la entrevista semiestructurada y los relatos han sido organizados a través del proceso metodológico del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo del cual ha emergido tres ideas centrales que están descritas a continuación: conflictos familiares; dificultad de las relaciones interpersonales y aislamiento social como el provocador de la depresión. Resultados: Los participantes de la investigación tienen una red social escasa y pocas relaciones significativas. Además, retratan dificultades de las relaciones interpersonales y conflictos con sus familiares. Conclusión: En el presente estudio se puede ver los sentimientos que pueden resultar en la aparición de la sintomatología de la depresión como el sentimiento de la soledad, las dificultades de convivencia y el aislamiento social pese a que el programa habitacional ofrezca la atención a la salud y espacios de convivencia para la interacción social y el ocio.

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BACKGROUND: Tiletamine-zolazepam is a widely used as an alternative chemical immobilization method in non-human primates, with a safe application pathway and necessary relaxation. In order to determine the electrocardiographic parameters of Sapajus libidinosus after intramuscular tiletamine-zolazepam administration at the dose of 5 mg/kg, nine animals were submitted to anesthesia. METHODS: The interpretation of the electrocardiogram determined: heart rate in bpm and heart rhythm, P wave, P-R interval, R wave, QRS complex, T wave, Q-T interval, corrected QT interval and electrical axis. The mean HR was 206 ± 32 bpm. RESULTS: The majority of the monkeys showed normal sinus rhythm, but one animal showed sinus tachycardia. The most commonly observed electrical axis was between +30° and +90°. Two animals presented bigger alterations in the tracing such as low amplitude QRS and T wave bigger than 1/4 of the R wave. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of tiletamine-zolazepam was safe and efficacious, with minimal cardiovascular effects.

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