RESUMO
Discrimination and stigma are significant barriers to healthcare for the LGBTQIAPN+ community, necessitating a deeper analysis of their sociocultural causes. There is a notable gap in the literature regarding the understanding of socio-discursive representations and their impact on the stigmatization and pathologization of sexual minorities in the context of communicable diseases. This study aims to discuss the understanding of the sociodiscursive aspects of the health-disease process, particularly in stigmatized infectious diseases affecting the LGBTQIAPN+ community. The focus is on examining how news articles, or the set of analyzed texts (corpus), shape these perceptions. We conducted documentary research with a qualitative and discursive approach using news articles retrieved from Google Newsâ about diseases affecting the LGBTQIAPN+ population from 2011 to 2022. The analysis was based on critical discourse analysis, processed using MAXQDA and IRAMUTEQ software. The identified representations predominantly align with biomedical ideology, manifesting in a discourse that normalizes and medicalizes (normative-curative discourse), and notable for its pathologizing and stigmatizing nature. Six classes were found: Ethical professional dilemmas facing stigma, infection and contamination of the LGBT+ population, prejudice and discrimination in the form of information, stigma related to sexual behavior/orientation, Vulnerability and stigma related to infectious diseases, and strategies for minimizing health risk/stigma for the LGBT+ public. The most relevant analytical categories were related to infectious diseases and sexual identity. These themes were identified, indicating that media representations reinforce stigma and maintain unequal health practices (verticalization) for the LGBT+ community. Understanding these patterns within a broader historical context is crucial for promoting health education and strategies that challenge internalized prejudice. The need to reformulate cultural norms and develop health information and education policies is urgent. These policies should be led by professionals with a comprehensive and humanized vision, addressing the diverse needs of the LGBT+ population.
RESUMO
Resumo Objetivo: este estudo visa compreender as experiências de mães estudantes internacionais acerca de engravidar e dar à luz longe do país de origem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada entrevista em profundidade com 11 estudantes internacionais em uma universidade federal na região do Maciço de Baturité, Ceará. Foram utilizados como referenciais teóricos os Modelos de Adaptação de Roy e o Modelo da Universalidade e Diversidade do Cuidado Cultural de Leinin-ger para a análise baseada na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Resultado: emergiram-se as seguintes categorias: os desafios em engravidar e estudar longe de seu país; empo-deramento e superação frente aos desafios; e os diferentes cuidados e o choque cultural, o qual abordou os aspectos relacionados ao contraste cultural a respeito dos cuidados. Conclusão: constata-se que a vida das mães estudantes oriundas de outros países é repleta de desafios. O olhar diferencial da equipe de saúde possibilitaria a adaptação de práticas para conservar a cultura de cada mãe.
Resumen Objetivo: este estudio pretende comprender las experiencias de madres estudiantes internacionales acerca de quedar embarazadas y dar a luz lejos del país de origen. Método: investigación cualitativa, once entrevistas realizadas en profundidad a estudiantes internacionales en una universidad federal en la región del Macizo de Baturité, Ceará (Brasil). Se utilizaron como referenciales teóricos los modelos de adaptación de Roy y el modelo de la universalidad y diversidad del cuidado cultural de Leininger para el análisis, basado en la teoría fundamentada en los datos. Resultados: emergieron las siguientes categorías: los retos en el embarazo y estudiar lejos de su país; empoderamiento y superación frente a los desafíos; y los diferentes cuidados y el choque cultural, que abordó los aspectos relacionados con el contraste cultural con respecto al cuidado. Conclusión: se constata que la vida de las madres estudiantes oriundas de otros países está repleta de desafíos. La mirada diferencial del equipo de salud posibilitaría la adaptación de prácticas para conservar la cultura de cada madre.
Abstract Objective: this study aims to understand the experiences of international student mothers about getting pregnant and giving birth far from the country of origin. Method: qualitative research, conducted in-depth interview with 11 international students at a federal university in the Baturité Massif region, Ceará (Brazil). The Royals' adaptation models and the Leininger cultural care universality and diversity model for the analysis based on the grounded theory were used as theoretical references. Result: the following categories emerged: the challenges of getting pregnant and studying away from their country; empowerment and overcoming challenges; and the different care and cultural shock, which addressed aspects related to cultural contrast regarding care. Conclusion: it is observed that the life of mothers students from other countries is full of challenges. The differential approach of the health team would allow the adaptation of practices to conserve each mother's culture.