RESUMO
Previously, we showed that oligofructose (10%) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation increased endotoxemia in 21-d-old pups. The present study evaluated the effect of 10% oligofructose diet supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in the presence or absence of hydrogenated vegetable fat on the pro-inflammatory status of 21-d-old offspring. On the first day of pregnancy, female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control diet (C), control diet supplemented with 10% oligofructose (CF), diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat (T) or diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat supplemented with 10% oligofructose (TF). Diets were maintained during pregnancy and lactation. Serum TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) was assessed using a specific kit. Protein expression was determined by Western Blotting, and the relative mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). We observed that 10% oligofructose supplementation during pregnancy and lactation increased offspring's IL-6R (interleukin-6 receptor) mRNA levels in the liver and RET (retroperitoneal white adipose tissue) and decreased ADIPOR2 (adiponectin receptor 2) and ADIPOR1 (adiponectin receptor 1) gene expression in liver and EDL (extensor digital longus)/ SOL (soleus) muscles of CF group. Additionally, TF group presented with increased serum TNF-α, protein expression of p-NFκBp65 (phosphorylated form of nuclear factor kappa B p65 subunit) in liver and IL-6R mRNA levels in RET. These findings were accompanied by decreased levels of ADIPOR1 mRNA in the EDL and SOL muscles of the TF group. In conclusion, supplementing the dam's diet with 10% of oligofructose during pregnancy and lactation, independent of hydrogenated vegetable fat addition, contributes to the increased pro-inflammatory status of 21-d-old offspring, possibly through the activation of the TLR4 (toll like receptor 4) pathway.
Assuntos
Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Inflamação/metabolismo , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/metabolismo , Lactação , Fígado/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Adiponectina/genética , Receptores de Adiponectina/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-6/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-6/metabolismoRESUMO
Prebiotics may increase intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic growing rats. The present study evaluated the effects of high-performance (HP) inulin and oligofructose on factors that regulate Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase. Male Wistar rats aged 21 d of age were fed AIN-93G ration without Fe for 2 weeks to induce Fe-deficiency anaemia. The rats were fed on day 35 a control diet, or a diet with 10 % HP inulin, or a diet with 10 % oligofructose, without Fe supplementation. The animals were euthanised after 2 weeks, and segments of the duodenum, caecum, colon and liver were removed. The expression levels of proteins in the intestinal segments were assessed using Western blotting. The levels of serum, urine and liver hepcidin and the concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α in the caecum, colon and liver were measured using the ELISA test. HP inulin increased the expression of the divalent metal transporter 1 protein in the caecum by 162 % (P= 0·04), and the expression of duodenal cytochrome b reductase in the colon by 136 % (P= 0·02). Oligofructose decreased the expression of the protein ferroportin in the duodenum (P= 0·02), the concentrations of IL-10 (P= 0·044), IL-6 (P= 0·036) and TNF-α (P= 0·004) in the caecum, as well as the level of urinary hepcidin (P< 0·001). These results indicate that prebiotics may interfere with the expression of various intestinal proteins and systemic factors involved in the regulation of intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase.
Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva/dietoterapia , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/metabolismo , Grupo dos Citocromos b/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Prebióticos , Regulação para Cima , Anemia Ferropriva/imunologia , Anemia Ferropriva/metabolismo , Anemia Ferropriva/patologia , Animais , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/agonistas , Ceco/imunologia , Ceco/metabolismo , Ceco/patologia , Colo/enzimologia , Colo/imunologia , Colo/metabolismo , Grupo dos Citocromos b/química , Grupo dos Citocromos b/genética , Duodeno/imunologia , Duodeno/metabolismo , Duodeno/patologia , Hepcidinas/sangue , Hepcidinas/metabolismo , Hepcidinas/urina , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Inulina/efeitos adversos , Inulina/uso terapêutico , Fígado/imunologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Oligossacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Oligossacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Tamanho do Órgão , Prebióticos/efeitos adversos , Ratos Wistar , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. METHODS: CWP (100 mg · kg · day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). RESULTS: HF-CWP reduced weight gain and serum lipid fractions and displayed reduced adiposity and insulin. Adiponectin was significantly higher in HF-CWP group when compared to the HF. The level of LPS in HF-W group was significantly higher when compared to HF-CWP. The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. CONCLUSION: CWP was able to modulate effects, possibly due to its high biological value of proteins. We observed a protective effect against obesity and improved the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue.