RESUMO
La glándula mamaria y la composición química de los componentes de la leche en animales mestizos lecheros y su inter-relación con la aparición de problemas clínicos y productivos fueron evaluados en 10 vacas primíparas mestizas (Girolando), pertenecientes a una hacienda, situada en el municipio de Sabinópolis, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Un examen clínico, la prueba de Califórnia Mastitis (CMT), el contaje celular somático (CCS) y la determinación de las concentraciones de los componentes de la leche a los días 17; 37; 54; 78; 110; 130 y 153 después del parto fueron realizados. En el examen clínico se detectaron lesiones de baja severidad en los pezones y al CMT, un 77,86% de los cuartos fueron negativos. El promédio y desviación estandar para el CCS fue de 167.857,1 (± 585.859,5) y para grasa, proteínas, lactosa y sólidos totales de 3,17 (± 0,74); 3,05 (± 0,29); 4,65 (± 0,22) y 10,38 (± 0,80) por ciento, respectivamente, valores estos semejantes a los reportados en la literatura. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos fueron un buen indicador de la calidad de la leche producida y que la composición química de los componentes de la misma en vacas primíparas mestizas lecheras fue diferente del día 17 al 153 de la lactación.
To evaluate the mammary gland and the milk chemical composition in crossbreed milking primiparus cows and their interrelationship with clinical problems, 10 crossbreed primiparus cows (Girolando) from one farm, located in Sabinópolis Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brasil were used to perform clinic evaluation of the mammary gland, California Mastitis Test (CMT), Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and determination of the concentration of the milk components, on days 17; 37; 54; 78; 110; 130 and 153 after calving. The clinical evaluation showed low percentage of injury in the teats, and the CMT was negative in 77.86% of the quarters. The mean values (±SD) for SCC were 167,857.1 (± 585,859.5) and for the milk components fat, protein, lactose and total solid 3.17 (± 0.74); 3.05 (± 0.29); 4.65 (±0.22) and 10.38 (± 0.80)%, respectively, alike values to reported in the literature. In conclusion, the results showed to be a good indicator of the milk quality and satisfactory to follow the milk chemical composition in crossbreed milking primiparus cows, which were different from day 17 to day 153 of lactation.
Assuntos
Bovinos , Animais , Leite/química , Mamilos , Indústria de Laticínios , Medicina VeterináriaRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to evaluate, by light and transmission electron microscopy, the efficacy of a single intratesticular injection of a novel zinc-based solution, as a contraceptive for male dogs. Fifteen mongrel dogs were assigned to three groups (five dogs/group). Group 1, the control group, which consisted of animals ranging from 8 mo to 4 yr, was injected with saline solution. Group 2, which consisted of animals ranging from 8 mo to 1 yr old and Group 3, animals ranging from 2 to 4 yr old, were injected with a zinc-based solution (0.2-1.0mL; volume based on testicular width). There were no histopathological changes detected in testes from control dogs. Histological examination of treated groups revealed degeneration, vacuolation, fewer germ cells, formation of multinucleated giant cells, and a lack of elongated spermatids in atrophic seminiferous tubules. Leydig cells had varying degrees of lipid degeneration and necrosis. The majority of seminiferous tubules in all zinc-treated dogs were lined only by Sertoli cells, which were vacuolated. Ultrastructure of testis of treated groups had degenerate Sertoli and Leydig cells, characterized by numerous mitochondria with the lack of a matrix and agglomeration of lysosomal bodies. The cytoplasm of elongated spermatids was characterized by tubules of hyperplastic and hypertrophic smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous Golgi apparati. Round spermatids in Golgi phase had lysis of acrosomal vesicles. The degree of histological changes suggested irreversibility. In conclusion, intratesticular injection of a zinc-based solution effectively impaired spermatogenesis.