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AIMS: To suggest microbial inoculation as a tool to shorten organic residues stabilization and increase rock phosphate (RP) solubilization through vermicomposting, thus increasing nutrient content in plants and making it more appealing to farmers. Two Trichoderma strains were inoculated alone or combined in a RP apatite-enriched vermicompost. Stability and plant-available phosphorus levels were monitored for 120 days. METHODS AND RESULTS: Observable higher total organic carbon reduction in the treatment with the combined Trichoderma strains, followed by the inoculation with T. asperellum and T. virens. Combined Trichoderma and inoculation with T. virens increased humic acids (HA) content in 38·2 and 25·0%, respectively; non-inoculated vermicompost with T. asperellum increased it by 15·0%. The combined Trichoderma strains and T. virens achieved the stability index based on the humic/fulvic acids (HA/FA) ratio after 120 days. T. asperellum, combined Trichoderma and T. virens increased the citric acid soluble-P content in 83·2, 62·2 and 49·5%, respectively, compared to the non-inoculated vermicompost. CONCLUSIONS: Inoculation with combined T. asperellum and T. virens efficiently accelerated vermicompost stabilization; T. asperellum increased the citric acid soluble-P in the final product. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Combined Trichoderma inoculation and RP enrichment improves the vermicompost quality, increasing HA and citric acid soluble-P, recycling organic waste nutrients and reducing agricultural dependence on phosphate fertilizers.
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Inoculantes Agrícolas/metabolismo , Compostagem/métodos , Fosfatos/metabolismo , Fósforo/farmacocinética , Trichoderma/metabolismo , Agricultura/métodos , Disponibilidade Biológica , Fertilizantes/análise , Fertilizantes/microbiologia , Substâncias Húmicas/análise , Nutrientes/análise , Fósforo/análiseRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oral resveratrol effects associated with diet and physical training changes on anthropometric and biochemical parameters. MAIN METHODS: 25 individuals aged from 30 to 60â¯years old; with Body Mass Index (BMI)â¯≥â¯30â¯kg/m2 were included in the study. Following the primary evaluation (anthropometric and clinical), the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) Placebo: Physical activity programâ¯+â¯Dietâ¯+â¯Placebo; (2) Resveratrol: Physical activity programâ¯+â¯Dietâ¯+â¯Resveratrol (RVS) (250â¯mg/day) for three months. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated at baseline and after the treatment period. KEY FINDINGS: The main findings showed that the resveratrol supplementation improved total cholesterol (TC), High-density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), Very-low density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), urea, creatinine and albumin serum levels. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings indicate that this polyphenol may be an option to potentiate the beneficial effects induced by dietary and physical activity programs in the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) treatment.
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Suplementos Nutricionais , Estilo de Vida , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/complicações , Resveratrol/administração & dosagem , Resveratrol/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Adulto , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , PlacebosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chagas disease (CD) continues to be a neglected infectious disease with one of the largest burdens globally. Despite the modest cure rates in adult chronic patients and its safety profile, benznidazole (BNZ) is still the drug of choice. Its current recommended dose is based on nonrandomized studies, and efficacy and safety of the optimal dose of BNZ have been scarcely analyzed in clinical trials. METHODS/DESIGN: MULTIBENZ is a phase II, randomized, noninferiority, double-blind, multicenter international clinical trial. A total of 240 patients with Trypanosoma CD in the chronic phase will be recruited in four different countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Spain). Patients will be randomized to receive BNZ 150 mg/day for 60 days, 400 mg/day for 15 days, or 300 mg/day for 60 days (comparator arm). The primary outcome is the efficacy of three different BNZ therapeutic schemes in terms of dose and duration. Efficacy will be assessed according to the proportion of patients with sustained parasitic load suppression in peripheral blood measured by polymerase chain reaction. The secondary outcomes are related to pharmacokinetics and drug tolerability. The follow-up will be 12 months from randomization to end of study participation. Recruitment was started in April 2018. CONCLUSION: This is a clinical trial conducted for the assessment of different dose schemes of BNZ compared with the standard treatment regimen for the treatment of CD in the chronic phase. MULTIBENZ may help to clarify which is the most adequate BNZ regimen in terms of efficacy and safety, predicated on sustained parasitic load suppression in peripheral blood. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03191162. Registered on 19 June 2017.
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Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Negligenciadas/parasitologia , Nitroimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Tripanossomicidas/uso terapêutico , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Assistência ao Convalescente , Argentina/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Doença Crônica , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nitroimidazóis/farmacocinética , Carga Parasitária/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança , Espanha/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Tripanossomicidas/farmacocinética , Trypanosoma cruzi/genéticaRESUMO
A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy (STM/STS) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction study on clustered C3N4 nanoparticles (nanoflakes) is conducted on green-chemistry synthesized samples obtained from chitosan through high power sonication. Morphological aspects and the electronic characteristics are investigated. The observed bandgap of the nanoflakes reveals the presence of different phases in the material. Combining STM morphology, STS spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results one finds that the most abundant phase is graphitic C3N4. A high density of defects is inferred from the XRD measurements. Additionally, STM-electroluminescence (STMEL) is detected in C3N4 nanoflakes deposited on a gold substrate. The tunneling current creates photons that are three times more energetic than the tunneling electrons of the STM sample. We ponder about the two most probable models to explain the observed photon emission energy: either a nonlinear optical phenomenon or a localized state emission.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recent evidence suggests that the use of fluoxetine could reduce periodontal disease severity. However, the effect of fluoxetine on periodontal disease has not been tested in the context of conditioned fear stress (CFS). We hypothesized that inhibition of chronic stress by fluoxetine might decrease the levels of bone loss in periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of fluoxetine on bone loss in chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen Wistar rats were submitted to ligature-induced periodontal disease and divided into four groups (A-D). Groups A (n = 3) and B (n = 4) were not stressed, while Groups C (n = 3) and D (n = 4) were submitted to a CFS paradigm for 38 d. Daily fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) was administered to Groups B and D from day 20 to day 39, at which point the rats were submitted to an open field test and killed on day 40. Mandibles were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: Stress was associated with a higher level of bone loss in Group C compared with Group A. Additionally, no differences in bone loss were observed among Groups A, B and D. CONCLUSION: We showed that stress is associated with the progression of bone loss in a CFS model in rats and that fluoxetine treatment reduces the bone loss.
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Periodontite Crônica/prevenção & controle , Medo/psicologia , Fluoxetina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Perda do Osso Alveolar/psicologia , Animais , Ansiedade/psicologia , Periodontite Crônica/patologia , Periodontite Crônica/psicologia , Condicionamento Psicológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Reação de Congelamento Cataléptica/fisiologia , Interleucina-1beta/análise , Interleucina-6/análise , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Stress and anxiety have been associated with chronic periodontitis, but few studies examining the effects of psychotropic drugs on periodontal health have been performed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of diazepam on the progression of periodontitis in chronically stressed rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen Wistar rats were submitted to ligature-induced periodontal disease and were divided into four groups . Two groups were not stressed, whereas two groups were submitted to a conditioned fear stress paradigm for 38 d. Daily diazepam treatment (2 mg/kg, orally) was administered to one unstressed group and to one group submitted to a conditioned fear stress paradigm from day 2 to the day 39, at which point the rats were submitted to an open field test and were killed on day 40. Brains and mandibles were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: Animals exposed to conditioned fear stress presented an increase in freezing behavior, a decrease in locomotor activity, enhanced alveolar bone loss and higher levels of hippocampal interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), compared with the control group. Diazepam, at the dose used in the current study, had no effect on freezing behavior but reversed the decrease in locomotor activity provoked by stress. Additionally, the treatment reduced the levels of hippocampal IL-1ß and IL-6 and alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats. Neither conditioned fear stress nor diazepam treatment had an effect on periodontal IL-1ß or IL-6 levels in animals. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that diazepam treatment reduces bone loss in rats submitted to conditioned fear stress. In addition, diazepam treatment led to decreased IL-1ß and IL-6 levels in the hippocampus.
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Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Diazepam/uso terapêutico , Medo/fisiologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/análise , Interleucina-6/análise , Perda do Osso Alveolar/metabolismo , Animais , Ansiolíticos/administração & dosagem , Condicionamento Operante , Diazepam/administração & dosagem , Progressão da Doença , Medo/psicologia , Reação de Congelamento Cataléptica/fisiologia , Hipocampo/patologia , Locomoção/fisiologia , Masculino , Ligamento Periodontal/metabolismo , Ligamento Periodontal/patologia , Periodontite/prevenção & controle , Periodontite/psicologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
AIM: To identify and quantify mast cell (MC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in human periapical cysts and granulomas. METHODOLOGY: Archived samples of cysts (n = 40) and granulomas (n = 28) were sectioned and stained with toluidine blue. MCs were identified and counted. Immunohistochemical reactions were employed to evaluate the tissue expression of VEGF and vessels. MVD was estimated by determining the areas of tissue labelled with CD31 antibody. The data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: MCs were observed in the peripheral regions of both lesion types, whilst VEGF and MVD were distributed in the stroma. The presence of MCs was higher in cysts than in granulomas (P < 0.05). VEGF and MVD expression were similar in these lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The highest number of MCs was observed in cysts. Moreover, the identification of VEGF and MVD was consistent with the immune mechanisms involved in the lesions.
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Mastócitos/patologia , Microvasos/patologia , Granuloma Periapical/patologia , Cisto Radicular/patologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , Adulto , Capilares/patologia , Contagem de Células , Corantes , Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/análise , Cloreto de TolônioRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: It was evaluated epidemiological aspects of primary lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its associations with clinicopathological factors. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective, cross-sectional study analysed a socio-demographic, clinical, and morphological data of HNSCC in a Brazilian population (n=30). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses using the chi-square and Fisher 's exact tests to compare the variables. RESULTS: The LSCC represented 10.8% of all oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Lip malignant disease was more prevalent in elderly men, with male-to-female ratio of 5:1. Lower lip was more affected. It was observed high rates of chronic solar exposure, and tobacco and alcohol drinking habits. Clinically, early TNM staging, small tumour lesions, and non-metastatic disease were predominant findings. It was identified a high frequency of well differentiated tumor samples. Worse Karnofsky performance status was associated with cervical metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that LSCC patients exhibited similar epidemiological and clinical profiles as noted in other studies. Still, the occurrence of metastatic disease was associated with a worse physical performance status of the LSCC patients during diagnosis.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Labiais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Labiais/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
This study evaluated 724 primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in young and old patients, with regard to clinical profile and immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein. Associations among age, epidemiological and clinicopathological parameters, and survival analysis were evaluated. HNSCC in young people occurred in 14.5% (median age 40.7years; male-to-female ratio 5.9:1). A statistical association was demonstrated between age and family history of cancer, and between age and anatomical site. Among older patients, a higher presence of disease was noted in posterior sites. Expression of p53 was found in 71.7% of the samples and a higher expression was noted in lesions of young patients. Survival analysis showed that the age parameter is not a reliable prognostic factor for HNSCC. Among young patients, cervical metastasis was associated with worse survival. The presence of a family history of cancer in young patients could indicate genetic susceptibility and molecular disturbances in the p53 pathway in HNSCC of young and older patients seem to be distinct.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: The present paper reports a case of peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF) (WHO type) in a newborn. The differential diagnosis and treatment were discussed. BACKGROUND: POF is well described in the literature, but this is the first report in a newborn. PATIENT: A 4-month-old female newborn was referred to our department because of an exophytic, sessile, firm, and well-delimited lesion on the right upper alveolar ridge. The covering mucosa was apparently normal. The lesion measuring 10 x 3 mm was present since birth. The clinical diagnosis of congenital granular cell tumour (congenital epulis) or dental lamina cyst of the newborn was made. A conservative excisional biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia, and the specimen was submitted to histopathological examination. RESULTS: The microscopic examination revealed a pattern of POF (WHO type). Normal primary incisors teeth eruption, and no signs of recurrence were noted on 16 months follow-up. CONCLUSION: Despite the rarity of POF in a newborn, this lesion should be included as a possible diagnosis to focal gingival growth.
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Processo Alveolar/patologia , Fibroma/patologia , Neoplasias Maxilares/patologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/patologia , Processo Alveolar/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Fibroma/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Neoplasias Maxilares/cirurgia , Tumores Odontogênicos/cirurgiaRESUMO
Chondrosarcoma is a rare flat bone neoplasm. Herein, we present the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings of a case affecting the periodontum. A 16-year-old girl presented a painless reddish mass in the lower anterior gingiva. Radiographs showed bone affected by vertical and horizontal loss and enlargement of periodontal space. The histopathological features showed atypical cartilage arranged in lobules compatible with chondrosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells were immunoreactive for the anti-vimentin and S-100 antibodies. Moreover, no tumor cells had been immunostained by anti-p53. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy, followed by radical surgery and postsurgery treatment with an association of radio and chemotherapy. After one year, no signs of recurrence have been observed.
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Condrossarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias Gengivais/patologia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patologia , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Condrossarcoma/diagnóstico , Condrossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Condrossarcoma/radioterapia , Condrossarcoma/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Neoplasias Gengivais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gengivais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gengivais/radioterapia , Neoplasias Gengivais/cirurgia , Humanos , Ifosfamida/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Mandibulares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mandibulares/radioterapia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/cirurgia , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Indução de RemissãoRESUMO
We present a setup of optical tweezers combined with linear and nonlinear microspectroscopies that enhances the capabilities of capture and analysis of both techniques. We can use either a continuous-wave (cw) Ti:sapphire laser for Raman measurements or a pulsed femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser that permitted the observation of nonlinear results such as hyper-Raman, hyper-Rayleigh, and two-photon luminescence. Only the high peak intensity of the femtosecond laser allows the observation of all these nonlinear spectroscopies. The sensitivity of our system also permitted the observation of morphology-dependent resonance (MDR) modes of a single stained trapped microsphere of 6 microm. The possibility of performing spectroscopy in a living microorganism optically trapped in any desired neighborhood would mean that one can dynamically observe the chemical reactions and/or mechanical properties changing in real time.
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Cutaneous horn is a relatively uncommon lesion consisting of keratotic material resembling that of an animal horn. This kind of lesion is more common in Caucasians and in older age groups. The primary lesion underlying the horny material may be benign, premalignant or malignant. The treatment of choice is an excisional biopsy with a narrow margin, because of the possibility of malignancy. The material must be submitted for histopathological evaluation. The first reported case of cutaneous horn arising on the vermillion border of the lower lip in a black child is presented.
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Granuloma Piogênico/diagnóstico , Ceratose/diagnóstico , Doenças Labiais/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Epitélio/patologia , Tecido de Granulação/patologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between histological epithelial dysplasia, the immunolocalization of p53 and glutathione S-transferase pi on the immunolocalization of the CD57 antigen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy biopsies were included in the study and the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used to detect the antigens. RESULTS: The results demonstrated a significant relationship between p53, GST-pi positive staining with moderate/severe epithelial dysplasia. There was no relationship between p53 and GST-pi. The mean number of CD57+ lymphoid cells was higher in the lesions with increased epithelial dysplasia and positive for GST-pi. No difference was found regarding CD57 immunolocalization in leukoplakias positive and negative for p53. CONCLUSIONS: As the presence of CD57+ lymphoid cells are indicative of immunosuppression, our study suggests that the severity of epithelial dysplasia and positive immunolabelling for GST-pi are associated with local immune response alterations in oral leukoplakias. Our data also give support to the idea that GST-pi and p53 are not time-point related during oral cancer development.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Antígenos CD57/análise , Glutationa Transferase/análise , Isoenzimas/análise , Leucoplasia Oral/diagnóstico , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/análise , Antígenos CD57/imunologia , Epitélio/química , Epitélio/patologia , Glutationa S-Transferase pi , Glutationa Transferase/imunologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Isoenzimas/imunologia , Leucoplasia Oral/química , Leucoplasia Oral/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/química , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/imunologiaRESUMO
The immunohistochemical expression of PCNA and Ki-67 proteins and the histochemical expression of AgNORs were studied in 20 odontogenic keratocysts in order to assess the relationship between epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation within the capsule. Immunostained cells were quantified by conventional methods, and both quantitative and morphometric analyses of AgNORs were performed by TV image analysis. Non-inflamed odontogenic keratocysts showed a typical epithelial lining and inflamed odontogenic keratocysts were lined also by hyperplastic non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. A statistically significant increase of PCNA+ and Ki-67+ cells and of AgNOR numbers was detected in the linings of inflamed odontogenic keratocysts compared to non-inflamed lesions. The results suggest the existence of greater proliferative activity in the epithelial cells of inflamed odontogenic keratocysts, which may be associated with the disruption of the typical structure of odontogenic keratocyst linings.
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Inflamação/patologia , Cistos Odontogênicos/patologia , Biomarcadores , Divisão Celular , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Queratinas , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Região Organizadora do Nucléolo/patologia , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/análise , Coloração pela PrataRESUMO
Cysticercosis is a condition in which a human acts as the intermediate host of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Although cysticercosis is a common disease in some regions of the world and can occur in any body site, oral lesions are rare. This paper reviews the natural history of the disease and reports on seven cases of oral cysticercosis.