RESUMO

Chromosomal polymorphism is a significant aspect of population genetics, influencing the adaptation and evolution of species. In Rineloricaria lanceolata, a Neotropical fish species, chromosomal polymorphism has been observed, yet the underlying mechanisms and evolutionary implications remain poorly understood. This article aims to investigate the chromosomal polymorphism in Rineloricaria lanceolata, focusing on elucidating the meiotic behavior of karyotypic variants and tracing the phylogenetic origins of this polymorphism within the genus. By employing molecular markers and cytogenetic techniques, we aim to uncover the mechanisms driving chromosomal rearrangements and their potential role in speciation and adaptation. Understanding the genetic basis of chromosomal polymorphism in R. lanceolata not only contributes to our knowledge of species evolution but also holds implications for the conservation of genetic diversity within this vulnerable group of Neotropical fishes.