RESUMO
This research aimed to obtain a hematological and biochemical profile of buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) bred in a region of the Brazilian Legal Amazon. A total of 73 animals of mixed races, divided into three groups, were studied: group 1 (G1) comprised animals up to 11 months old; in group 2 (G2), subjects were 12 to 23 months old; and, in group 3 (G3), they were 24 months old and older. We performed the hematological analysis manually, and, for the biochemistry, we used biochemical analyzers. Age of the animals has influenced the monocyte count. The counting of these cells was higher (p > 0.05) in younger animals (G1). There was no difference (p > 0.05) in hematological parameters concerning sex. In regard to biochemistry, we found that age influenced results for albumin and urea. Animals from G1 had higher albumin values when compared to G2 and G3. Serum urea values were higher in animals from G3. Regarding the serum mineral parameters, there were no significant results when the different age groups and both sexes were compared. Thus, the hematological and biochemical values obtained can work as a reference for the bubaline species of animals bred in the studied region, under the same management and breeding conditions. Sex and age of the animals are necessary for the interpretation of the tests.
Assuntos
Bison , Hematologia , Animais , Brasil , Búfalos , Feminino , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Paratuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, and incurable disease that affects ruminants, causing enteritis and chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis, characterized by malabsorption syndrome, its agent is the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and characterize MAP in buffalo herds slaughtered in Baixada Maranhense region. Samples of intestines, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileocecal valves were collected from 115 buffaloes slaughtered at Baixada Maranhense slaughterhouses to perform the diagnosis by histopathological examination using staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Ziehl-Neelsen, bacterial isolation, and real-time PCR. In the histopathology by H&E staining, there was evidence suggestive of paratuberculosis in 30% (31/115) of the buffaloes. With Ziehl-Neelsen staining, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were visualized in 27% (26/115) of the tissue samples analyzed. MAP was isolated in 4.3% (5/115) of the fecal samples subjected to bacterial culture. The samples inoculated in HEYM with mycobactin J produced colonies identified with MAP according to their own morphological characteristics such as round, white, smooth and slightly rough, alcohol-acid staining, and slow growth with 8 weeks of incubation and mycobactin dependence. The agent confirmation was performed in five bacterial isolates (4.3%) and 15 (13%) fragments of jejunum, ileum, and mesenteric lymph node by the IS900 real-time PCR technique. The results of the present study demonstrate the subclinical occurrence of paratuberculosis in flocks of buffalo slaughtered in slaughterhouses of Baixada Maranhense.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Paratuberculose/microbiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Búfalos/microbiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , DNA Bacteriano/química , Fezes/microbiologia , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/classificação , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/fisiologia , Paratuberculose/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Paratuberculosis is an incurable disease in ruminants with great worldwide economic impact, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The objective of this study was to carry out a study of the molecular epidemiology of the MAP using the restriction enzyme analysis (REA) technique of IS1311 MAP region in biological samples of feces, intestinal tissue, and mesenteric lymph nodes of cattle and buffaloes from six Brazilian states. In total, 109 samples of feces and tissues of cattle and buffaloes were collected from animal paratuberculosis suspected. Twenty-five samples were positive in the detection of the DNA of the IS900 region of MAP and it was possible to type 18 strains in the analysis of the region IS1311, being 100% of them identified as belonging to subtype Bison MAP strain. This is the first epidemiological molecular study of MAP in Brazil. The results indicate that paratuberculosis is widespread in cattle and in buffaloes in several regions of Brazil, and the subtype Bison MAP strain was the only one identified in the samples analyzed in this study, demonstrating the similarity between the strains from different states tested. These results provide the necessary support for the implementation of paratuberculosis control strategies in cattle and buffaloes in Brazil.
Assuntos
Búfalos/microbiologia , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/genética , Paratuberculose/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Búfalos/genética , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Variação Genética , Geografia , Epidemiologia Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Mapeamento por RestriçãoRESUMO
Serological studies have characterized the presence of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in water buffalo herds worldwide. However, the molecular characterization of BVDV strains circulating in this animal species is uncommon. The aim of this study was to identify young water buffalo with acute infection and characterize the subgenotype of the infecting wild-type BVDV strain. Two dairy water buffalo herds from Northeastern Brazil were selected based on the results of virus neutralization test which showed high titers of anti-BVDV antibodies. To identify viremic animals, the BVDV RNA was assessed by RT-PCR assay in serum samples from 44 asymptomatic young water buffalos, where 31 serum samples from herd A and 13 from herd B. Amplicons with 288 bp of BVDV 5'UTR region were obtained in 7 (15.9%) serum samples (herd A, n = 5; herd B, n = 2). One good-quality amplicon from each herd was selected for nucleotide sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the two BVDV wild-type strains clustered with BVDV strains of the subgenotype 1b. This study identified for the first time the active infection by BVDV subgenotype 1b in two dairy water buffalo herds from Brazil. These results highlight the importance of that, as well as in cattle herds, also in water buffalo herds prophylaxis measures to control BVDV infection should be intensified, mainly because these species clearly coexist in buffalo farms within Brazil.
Assuntos
Búfalos/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/genética , Regiões 5' não Traduzidas , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Sequência de Bases , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Análise por Conglomerados , Diarreia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/imunologia , Genótipo , Filogenia , ViremiaRESUMO
Forty male and female animals, aged between 2.5 and 16 years were clinically and radiographically examined in order to study the occurrence of lesions of the distal phalanx of forelimbs in cart horses. The clinical examination showed that 20% of the animals had grade 2 lameness, due, mainly, to hoof irregularity, sole damage and frog destruction. Radiographic exam showed 100% of pedal osteitis, 22.5% of phalanx fracture and 17.5% of phalanx rotation. Despite the severe level of injury in the third phalanx, animals did not show clinical signs consistent with the radiographic findings, concluding that donkeys are very resistant and that the lesions observed in the distal phalanx affect to a lesser extent the carrying out of these animal"s activities.KEY WORDS: Cart; horses; musculoskeletal; physical examination; radiograph.
Com o objetivo de estudar a ocorrência de lesões na falange distal dos membros torácicos de asininos usados em veículos de tração animal foram avaliados clínica e radiograficamente 40 animais, machos e fêmeas, com idade entre 2,5 a 16 anos. O exame clínico demonstrou que 20% dos animais apresentaram claudicação grau 2, decorrente principalmente de irregularidade de casco, lesão de sola e destruição da ranilha. Radiograficamente verificou-se 100% de osteíte podal, 22,5% de fratura de falange e 17,5% de rotação de falange. Apesar do nível severo das lesões na terceira falange, os animais não apresentaram sinais clínicos compatíveis com os achados radiográficos, concluindo-se que os asininos apresentam grande resistência e rusticidade e que as lesões observadas na falange distal interferem em menor grau no desempenho das atividades desses animais.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aparelho locomotor; carroças; equídeos; exame físico; radiografia.
RESUMO
Forty male and female animals, aged between 2.5 and 16 years were clinically and radiographically examined in order to study the occurrence of lesions of the distal phalanx of forelimbs in cart horses. The clinical examination showed that 20% of the animals had grade 2 lameness, due, mainly, to hoof irregularity, sole damage and frog destruction. Radiographic exam showed 100% of pedal osteitis, 22.5% of phalanx fracture and 17.5% of phalanx rotation. Despite the severe level of injury in the third phalanx, animals did not show clinical signs consistent with the radiographic findings, concluding that donkeys are very resistant and that the lesions observed in the distal phalanx affect to a lesser extent the carrying out of these animal"s activities.KEY WORDS: Cart; horses; musculoskeletal; physical examination; radiograph.
Com o objetivo de estudar a ocorrência de lesões na falange distal dos membros torácicos de asininos usados em veículos de tração animal foram avaliados clínica e radiograficamente 40 animais, machos e fêmeas, com idade entre 2,5 a 16 anos. O exame clínico demonstrou que 20% dos animais apresentaram claudicação grau 2, decorrente principalmente de irregularidade de casco, lesão de sola e destruição da ranilha. Radiograficamente verificou-se 100% de osteíte podal, 22,5% de fratura de falange e 17,5% de rotação de falange. Apesar do nível severo das lesões na terceira falange, os animais não apresentaram sinais clínicos compatíveis com os achados radiográficos, concluindo-se que os asininos apresentam grande resistência e rusticidade e que as lesões observadas na falange distal interferem em menor grau no desempenho das atividades desses animais.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aparelho locomotor; carroças; equídeos; exame físico; radiografia.
RESUMO
This study was performed in order to determine the frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and the main factors related to the frequency of the infection in dairy cows not vaccinated against BVDV from Maranhense Amazon region. Serum samples were submitted to an indirect ELISA test for detection of BVDV antibodies. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied for each herd to investigate variables that could beassociated with this infection. Serum samples were collected from 40 farms, with or without clinical signs of BVDV infection. From 400 serum samples examined, 61.5% (n=246) in 95% (n=38) of the herds were positive for ELISA. Variables identified as risk factors such as milk production (1-5L), absence of veterinary assistance, use of natural breeding or natural breeding associated with artificial insemination. These risk factors presented statistical significance (P 0.05) associated to BVDV infection. These results indicate that BVDV infection is high in the studied region and that factors related to the herd characteristic and management were associated with the risk of infection by BVDV.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência e os fatores de risco para a infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) em fêmeas bovinas leiteiras na região amazônica maranhense. Amostras de soro de animais não vacinados contra o BVDV e provenientes de 40 propriedades foram submetidas à técnica de ELISA indireto. Em cada propriedade avaliada, aplicou-se ainda um questionário epidemiológico para investigar os fatores de risco que poderiam estar associados à infecção pelo vírus. As amostras foram coletadas de animais que apresentavam ou não sinais clínicos sugestivos da infecção pelo BVDV. Das 400 amostras de soro analisadas, 61,5% (n=246) foram reagentes com a detecção de bovinos sorologicamente positivos em 95% (n=38) das propriedades. Dentre os fatores de risco avaliados, produção de leite (1-5L), ausência de assistência veterinária, uso de monta natural e monta natural associada à inseminação artificial apresentaram significância estatística (P 0,05) associada à infecção pelo BVDV. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a frequência de anticorpos contra o BVDV foi elevada na região amazônica maranhense e que os fatores relacionados às características das propriedades e ao manejo foram associados ao risco de infecção pelo BVDV.
RESUMO
This study was performed in order to determine the frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and the main factors related to the frequency of the infection in dairy cows not vaccinated against BVDV from Maranhense Amazon region. Serum samples were submitted to an indirect ELISA test for detection of BVDV antibodies. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied for each herd to investigate variables that could beassociated with this infection. Serum samples were collected from 40 farms, with or without clinical signs of BVDV infection. From 400 serum samples examined, 61.5% (n=246) in 95% (n=38) of the herds were positive for ELISA. Variables identified as risk factors such as milk production (1-5L), absence of veterinary assistance, use of natural breeding or natural breeding associated with artificial insemination. These risk factors presented statistical significance (P 0.05) associated to BVDV infection. These results indicate that BVDV infection is high in the studied region and that factors related to the herd characteristic and management were associated with the risk of infection by BVDV.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência e os fatores de risco para a infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) em fêmeas bovinas leiteiras na região amazônica maranhense. Amostras de soro de animais não vacinados contra o BVDV e provenientes de 40 propriedades foram submetidas à técnica de ELISA indireto. Em cada propriedade avaliada, aplicou-se ainda um questionário epidemiológico para investigar os fatores de risco que poderiam estar associados à infecção pelo vírus. As amostras foram coletadas de animais que apresentavam ou não sinais clínicos sugestivos da infecção pelo BVDV. Das 400 amostras de soro analisadas, 61,5% (n=246) foram reagentes com a detecção de bovinos sorologicamente positivos em 95% (n=38) das propriedades. Dentre os fatores de risco avaliados, produção de leite (1-5L), ausência de assistência veterinária, uso de monta natural e monta natural associada à inseminação artificial apresentaram significância estatística (P 0,05) associada à infecção pelo BVDV. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a frequência de anticorpos contra o BVDV foi elevada na região amazônica maranhense e que os fatores relacionados às características das propriedades e ao manejo foram associados ao risco de infecção pelo BVDV.
RESUMO
This study was performed in order to determine the frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and the main factors related to the frequency of the infection in dairy cows not vaccinated against BVDV from Maranhense Amazon region. Serum samples were submitted to an indirect ELISA test for detection of BVDV antibodies. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied for each herd to investigate variables that could beassociated with this infection. Serum samples were collected from 40 farms, with or without clinical signs of BVDV infection. From 400 serum samples examined, 61.5% (n=246) in 95% (n=38) of the herds were positive for ELISA. Variables identified as risk factors such as milk production (1-5L), absence of veterinary assistance, use of natural breeding or natural breeding associated with artificial insemination. These risk factors presented statistical significance (P 0.05) associated to BVDV infection. These results indicate that BVDV infection is high in the studied region and that factors related to the herd characteristic and management were associated with the risk of infection by BVDV.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência e os fatores de risco para a infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) em fêmeas bovinas leiteiras na região amazônica maranhense. Amostras de soro de animais não vacinados contra o BVDV e provenientes de 40 propriedades foram submetidas à técnica de ELISA indireto. Em cada propriedade avaliada, aplicou-se ainda um questionário epidemiológico para investigar os fatores de risco que poderiam estar associados à infecção pelo vírus. As amostras foram coletadas de animais que apresentavam ou não sinais clínicos sugestivos da infecção pelo BVDV. Das 400 amostras de soro analisadas, 61,5% (n=246) foram reagentes com a detecção de bovinos sorologicamente positivos em 95% (n=38) das propriedades. Dentre os fatores de risco avaliados, produção de leite (1-5L), ausência de assistência veterinária, uso de monta natural e monta natural associada à inseminação artificial apresentaram significância estatística (P 0,05) associada à infecção pelo BVDV. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a frequência de anticorpos contra o BVDV foi elevada na região amazônica maranhense e que os fatores relacionados às características das propriedades e ao manejo foram associados ao risco de infecção pelo BVDV.
RESUMO
The predominance and clinical classification of the hoof diseases was studied in dairy cows at Itapecuru Mirim dairy basin, MA. The observations were done during the visits to the milk farms previously registered. The animals were identified by individual questionnaires for detection of claudication. The animal with difficulty in the locomotion were contended for digit cleaning and subsequent evaluation, considering the affected podal area. Data were grouped and submitted to the statistical analysis. The predominance in cows was of 5.08% and exclusively among the lactating cows, of 17.50%. Higher frequency of females with hoof illnesses was detected from 3 to 7 years. Out of all hoof affections, the sole bump (17.12%), claw deformity (14.71%), sole ulcer (14.11%) and heel erosion (12.61%) were the most incident. The anatomical region of the digits more attacked was to sole (30.74%). The digits of the subsequent members were the most affected, mainly the lateral. The lateral digits of the subsequent members also presented higher frequency of outstanding/grave/grave with infection scores regarding the other digits. Injuries digital represent a problem of great importance and high prevalence in the properties of the basin milk Itapecuru Mirim and the environmental characteristics are decisive for establishing diagnosis and controlling diseases.
Objetivou-se relatar a prevalência e classificar clinicamente as afecções podais em fêmeas bovinas destinadas à produção de leite na bacia leiteira do município de Itapecuru Mirim-MA. As observações foram realizadas durante visitas a propriedades leiteiras previamente cadastradas, registrando-se os animais em fichas individuais, avaliando-os posteriormente quanto à claudicação. Os bovinos portadores de lesões podais foram contidos para limpeza dos dígitos e posterior avaliação, considerando a região podal comprometida. Os dados foram agrupados e submetidos à análise estatística. A prevalência em fêmeas bovinas foi de 5,08% e exclusivamente entre as lactantes, de 17,50%. Observou-se maior freqüência de fêmeas com enfermidades podais entre 3 e 7 anos. Dentre as lesões podais, o hematoma de sola (17,12%), a deformidade da unha (14,71%), a pododermatite circunscrita (14,11%) e a erosão do estojo córneo (12,61%) apresentaram maior freqüência. A região anatômica dos dígitos mais acometida foi a sola (30,74%) e os dígitos dos membros posteriores foram os mais acometidos, principalmente os laterais, apresentando também maior freqüência de escores marcante/grave/grave com infecção, em relação aos demais dígitos. As lesões digitais representam um problema de grande importância e elevada prevalência nas propriedades da bacia leiteira de Itapecuru Mirim e que as características ambientais