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The present study investigated the bioaccessibility of minerals, bioactive compounds, and sensory acceptance of isotonic beverages formulated with Ricotta cheese whey (RCW) and passion fruit cv. BRS Sertão Forte. Three formulations were developed: I1 with 50% RCW and 5% passion fruit pulp, I2 with 50% RCW and 8.5% pulp, and I3 with 30% RCW and 12% pulp. I3 showed higher ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity, exhibited the highest scores in the consumer test, and maintained its physicochemical stability and microbiological safety during the storage at 7 °C for 56 days. (-)-Epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and cis-resveratrol were the main phenolic compounds quantified in the isotonic beverages. I1 and I3 exhibited high bioaccessibility of the minerals K, Na, and Mg (37-70%) compared to I2, which showed bioaccessibility between 31 and 40%. The beverages developed are innovative alternatives for the market of supplements for athletes, combining the use of a dairy industry by-product and a new variety of passion fruit to date little-explored economically. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05636-5.
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Acerola fruit has gained prominence for its high nutraceutical value, associated with high levels of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. The objectives of this study were to analyze the chemistry composition and antioxidant capacity in seven Brazilian varieties of acerola. All acerola genotypes were harvested at the red ripe maturity stage, and the fruit were subjected to metabolite analyses by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The varieties presented high levels of ascorbic acid and malic acid. The main sugars observed in acerola were glucose and fructose. Cyanidin-3-rhamnoside was the main phenolic compound in the fruit (149-682 mg/kg FW), which had higher concentration in the varieties BRS 235-Apodi, BRS 236-Cereja, and BRS 237-Roxinha. Other phenolic compounds also observed in the fruit were quercetin-3-glucoside, isorhamnetin, catechin, procyanidin A2, naringenin, hesperidin, chlorogenic acid, and trans-resveratrol. In conclusion, the observed wide range of acerola nutraceutical properties was related to the high genetic variability among genotypes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Brazil is the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of acerola, with commercial orchards distributed all over the country. According to the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, about eighteen registered varieties of acerola have been produced in the country. Among them are the varieties developed by Breeding Programs at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). Despite the great diversity of studies about acerola composition, only a few studies have focused on analyzing specific varieties. Therefore, limited information is currently available on the profile of metabolites of commercial interest in acerola varieties, such as sugars, organic acids and some phenolics. This study showed that acerola nutraceutical properties was highly dependent on the genotype.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of two new low-cost handheld NIR spectrometers for the determination of umbu fruit (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) quality. A third handheld spectrometer, representing a proven good performance for fruit quality analysis, was used as reference instrument. Multivariate calibration models were built using Partial Least Squares regression to determine dry matter (DM), soluble solids (SS), flesh firmness (FF) and skin color (SC). No significant statistical difference was found among the analytical performances of all three spectrometers. The average of the relative root mean square error of prediction (RMSEPr) obtained with the three spectrometers were 5.2 ± 0.9% for DM, 8.4 ± 1.5% for SS, 27.6 ± 2.0% for FF and 8.0 ± 0.6% for SC. According to these results, the new low-cost handheld NIR spectrometers can be used to monitor umbu fruit quality during ripening with suitable accuracy.
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Objetivo: Analisar a integração ensino-serviço através de tipologias de unidades docente-assistenciais (UDAs) na atenção básica. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo realizado em seis unidades básicas de saúde, de dois municípios do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, que possuem convênio e parceria com instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas, no período de agosto a novembro de 2015. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de três instrumentos: análise documental, observações no campo e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com posterior triangulação. Entrevistaram-se docentes, discentes e profissionais do serviço com atuação na atenção básica, totalizando 18 entrevistas, sendo 9 em cada município. Todos os docentes e estudantes participantes da pesquisa pertenciam aos cursos de enfermagem e medicina, por serem os únicos cursos presentes em todas as unidades selecionadas para a pesquisa. As entrevistas foram analisadas pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Identificaram-se 4 tipos de unidades docente-assistenciais: (1) supervisão e agenda compartilhada; (2) preceptoria e agenda compartilhada; (3) preceptoria e agenda própria e (4) supervisão e agenda própria. A análise documental revelou longevidade nas parcerias entre as instituições de ensino pública e privada com os cenários de prática e objetivos pedagógicos baseados nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos cursos. Considerações Finais: Quanto ao favorecimento à integração ensino-serviço, o tipo 1 e 2 são os que se pressupõe possuir maior força, seguido pelo tipo 3 e 4. Esta tipologia pode contribuir para o entendimento das relações ensino serviço, integração das atividades docente-assistenciais e efetividade.
Objective: To analyze the teaching-service integration through typologies of teaching- care units (TCUs) in primary health care. Methods: Qualitative study performed in six primary care units of two municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, which have an agreement and partnership with public and private higher education institutions, in the period from August to November 2015. The research was conducted by means of three instruments: documentary analysis, field observations and semi-structured interviews, with subsequent triangulation. The interviewees were teachers, students and health professionals working in primary care, totaling 18 interviews, 9 in each municipality. All the teachers and students participating in the research belonged to the nursing and medicine courses, as these were the only courses present in all the units selected for the research. The interviews were analyzed through the content analysis technique. Results: Four types of TCUs were identified: (1) supervision and shared schedule; (2) preceptorship and shared schedule; (3) preceptorship and own schedule and (4) supervision and own schedule. Documentary analysis revealed longevity in the partnerships between the public and private educational institutions with practice scenarios and pedagogical objectives based on the National Curricular Guidelines of the courses. Final considerations: With regard to favoring the teaching-service integration, types 1 and 2 are those assumed as more powerful, followed by types 3 and 4. This typology can contribute to the understanding of teaching-service relationships, the integration of teaching-care activities and their effectiveness.
Objetivo: Analizar la integración educación-servicio a través de tipologías de unidades docente-asistenciales (UDAs) de la atención básica. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo realizado en seis unidades básicas de salud de dos municipios del estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, que tienen convenio y sociedad con instituciones de educación superior públicas y privadas en el periodo entre agosto y noviembre de 2015. La investigación fue realizada con tres instrumentos: el análisis documental, la observación de campo y las entrevistas semi-estructuradas con triangulación a posteriori. Se entrevistaron a los docentes, los discentes y profesionales del servicio que actúan en la atención básica en un total de 18 entrevistas siendo 9 en cada municipio. Todos los docentes y estudiantes participantes de la investigación eran de los cursos de enfermería y medicina ya que eran los únicos cursos presentes en todas las unidades elegidas para la investigación. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas a través del análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se identificaron a 4 tipos de unidades docente-asistenciales: (1) supervisión y agenda compartida; (2) preceptoría y agenda compartida; (3) preceptoría y agenda propia e (4) supervisión y agenda propia. El análisis documental reveló la longevidad de las sociedades entre las instituciones de educación pública y privada con los escenarios de práctica y objetivos pedagógicos basados en las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales de los cursos. Conclusión: Los tipos 1 y 2 favorecen la integración educación-servicio y son los que se supone tener más fuerza siendo seguidos de los tipos 3 y 4. Esa tipología puede contribuir para la comprensión de las relaciones de educación y servicio, la integración de las actividades docente-asistenciales y la efectividad.
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Serviços de Integração Docente-Assistencial , Saúde Pública , Desenvolvimento de PessoalRESUMO
A 10-year-old female presented with a palpable mass occupying the entire abdomen. Computerized tomography scan showed a large expansive lesion measuring 22 cm × 20 cm × 13 cm. The mass was resected and the diagnosis of leiomyoma was made from immunehistochemical findings. Mesenteric leiomyoma is an uncommon tumor among gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
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Spasticity is one of the main causes of contracture, muscle weakness and subsequent functional incapacity. The passive static stretching can be included as having the purpose of increasing musculoskeletal flexibility, however, it also can influence the muscle torque. The objective is to verify the immediate effect of passive static stretching in the muscle strength of healthy and those who present spastic hemiparesis. There were assessed 20 subjects, 10 spastic hemiparetic (EG) and 10 healthy individuals (CG), including both sexes, aged between 22 and 78 years. The torque of extensor muscles of the knee was analyzed using isokinetic dynamometer. Results have shown that EG has less muscle torque compared to CG ( p < 0.01). In addition, EG presented a decrease in significance of muscle torque after stretching ( p < 0.05), however, it has not shown significant alteration in muscle torque of CG after performing the program that was prescribed. Immediately after the passive stretch, a significant torque decrease can be seen in hypertonic muscle; it is believed that this reduction may be associated with the physiological overlap between actin and myosin filaments and so preventing the muscle to develop a maximum contraction.
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Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Espasticidade Muscular/fisiopatologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Paresia/fisiopatologia , Torque , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertonia Muscular/fisiopatologia , Força Muscular , Dinamômetro de Força Muscular , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of chemical-mechanical procedures of two endodontic protocols for septic content reduction of root canals from primary teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion. Twenty-four primary root canals with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion were divided into two treatment groups (n=12): multiple-visit and single-visit protocols. Samples were collected using sterile paper points before and after endodontic cleaning followed by microbiological identification through checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Statistical analysis was performed using Proportion Test for score=0 comparing the findings before and after treatment for each group (Wilcoxon's test) as well as the differences in scores between protocols (Mann-Whitney's test) (p<0.05). Data were expressed as prevalence (presence or absence) and estimate of the average count (x10(5) cells) of each species. Differences in proportions of score=0 prior to treatment were non-significant (p=0.415), demonstrating equivalence between groups. A significant increase in score=0 was detected after treatment for both groups (p<0.0001). Single-visit protocol achieved a significantly greater reduction in mean scoring following endodontic treatment (p=0.024). Both protocols were capable of significantly reducing septic content in root canals of primary teeth with periradicular lesion. Moreover, single-visit protocol showed greater efficacy in reducing endodontic infection.
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Polpa Dentária/microbiologia , Dente Decíduo/microbiologia , Bactérias/classificação , Criança , Polpa Dentária/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Necrose , Dente Decíduo/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the microbial content of root canals of human primary teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion. METHODS: Microbial samples were collected from 24 canals of children treated at a pediatric dentistry clinic. Microbiological identification was performed using checker-board DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 different bacteria. Data were analyzed per canal based on the mean count and frequency of each bacterial species. RESULTS: Detectable levels of bacterial species were observed for 35 probes (88%). The most frequent bacteria were Fusobacterium nucleatum sp. nucleatum, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella intermedia. Facultative species were identified in 20 root canals (83%), anaerobic species were identified in 24 root canals (100%), and aerobic species in 18 root canals (75%). Black-pigmented bacilli were found in 23 samples (96%). The number of different bacterial species detected per canal ranged from five to 33. CONCLUSION: Endodontic infection in primary teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion is multimicrobial, including aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic micro-organisms.
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Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/microbiologia , Periodontite Periapical/microbiologia , Dente Decíduo , Criança , Sondas de DNA , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , PulpectomiaRESUMO
The mechanisms regulating Ca(2+) partitioning and allocation in plants and fruit remain poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to determine Ca(2+) partitioning and allocation in tomato plants and fruit in response to whole-plant and fruit-specific abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, as well as to analyse the effect of changes in Ca(2+) partitioning and allocation on fruit susceptibility to the Ca(2+) deficiency disorder blossom-end rot (BER) under water stress conditions. Tomato plants of the cultivar Ace 55 (Vf) were grown in a greenhouse and exposed to low Ca(2+) conditions during fruit growth and development. Starting 1 day after pollination (DAP), the following treatments were initiated: (i) whole plants were sprayed weekly with deionized water (control) or (ii) with 500mg l(-1) ABA; or fruit on each plant were dipped weekly (iii) in deionized water (control) or (iv) in 500mg l(-1) ABA. At 15 DAP, BER was completely prevented by whole-plant or fruit-specific ABA treatments, whereas plants or fruit treated with water had 16-19% BER incidence. At 30 DAP, BER was prevented by the whole-plant ABA treatment, whereas fruit dipped in ABA had a 16% and water-treated plants or fruit had a 36-40% incidence of BER. The results showed that spraying the whole plant with ABA increases xylem sap flow and Ca(2+) movement into the fruit, resulting in higher fruit tissue and water-soluble apoplastic Ca(2+) concentrations that prevent BER development. Although fruit-specific ABA treatment had no effect on xylem sap flow rates or Ca(2+) movement into the fruit, it increased fruit tissue water-soluble apoplastic Ca(2+) concentrations and reduced fruit susceptibility to BER to a lesser extent.
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Ácido Abscísico/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Solanum lycopersicum/efeitos dos fármacos , Transporte Biológico , Cálcio/análise , Desidratação , Flores , Frutas/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/fisiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/fisiologia , Caules de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Caules de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caules de Planta/fisiologia , Xilema/efeitos dos fármacos , Xilema/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Xilema/fisiologiaRESUMO
Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is an exotic non-climacteric fruit that reaches its best eating quality when harvested ripe, decreasing thereafter during storage. Our objectives were to determine the best combination of storage temperature and use of perforated plastic bags to maintain the postharvest quality of the fruit. Fruits were stored at 5, 7, or 10 ºC with and without a perforated plastic bag for 20 days, followed by five days at 20 ºC without the bag for shelf-life determination. Storage at 5 ºC, followed by 7 ºC maintained better visual appearance of the pitaya fruit after 20 days, by reducing decay incidence and severity, and maintaining greener bracts compared with fruit stored at 10 ºC. Pitaya fruit stored at 5 ºC without a perforated plastic bag showed no decay after storage and shelf-life. In general, higher temperatures and the use of a perforated plastic bag increased decay incidence, as well as decay severity after storage and shelf-life conditions. At all temperatures, fruit stored in a perforated plastic bag had lower weight loss during storage. After shelf-life, weight loss was highest in fruit stored at higher temperatures. Storage of fruits at 5 ºC resulted in minor chilling injury symptoms in the outer flesh tissue, close to the peel. Storage at 5 ºC without a perforated plastic bag was the best condition to maintain the postharvest quality of the pitaya fruit.
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Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is an exotic non-climacteric fruit that reaches its best eating quality when harvested ripe, decreasing thereafter during storage. Our objectives were to determine the best combination of storage temperature and use of perforated plastic bags to maintain the postharvest quality of the fruit. Fruits were stored at 5, 7, or 10 ºC with and without a perforated plastic bag for 20 days, followed by five days at 20 ºC without the bag for shelf-life determination. Storage at 5 ºC, followed by 7 ºC maintained better visual appearance of the pitaya fruit after 20 days, by reducing decay incidence and severity, and maintaining greener bracts compared with fruit stored at 10 ºC. Pitaya fruit stored at 5 ºC without a perforated plastic bag showed no decay after storage and shelf-life. In general, higher temperatures and the use of a perforated plastic bag increased decay incidence, as well as decay severity after storage and shelf-life conditions. At all temperatures, fruit stored in a perforated plastic bag had lower weight loss during storage. After shelf-life, weight loss was highest in fruit stored at higher temperatures. Storage of fruits at 5 ºC resulted in minor chilling injury symptoms in the outer flesh tissue, close to the peel. Storage at 5 ºC without a perforated plastic bag was the best condition to maintain the postharvest quality of the pitaya fruit.
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PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of using the medial canthal region (MCR) as an external reference point to determine the vertical dimension during maxillary repositioning as planned in model surgery and predictive tracing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analyzed group consisted of 43 consecutive patients who underwent maxillary or bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Before downfracture, the vertical height was established from the distance of the MCR to the incisal edge of the right upper central incisor (UCI). The vertical dimension was obtained with frequent measurements by use of calipers as desired during cephalometric tracing and model surgery. After rigid fixation, the vertical height was verified again. The UCI was traced from the postoperative cephalogram and predictive tracing onto a preoperative tracing. Repositioning of the maxilla and postsurgical movements of the UCI were registered at the horizontal and vertical planes. Comparison was made between the predicted maxillary position on the cephalometric tracing and the actual position, as well as between the planned maxillary position in model surgery and the actual position. RESULTS: The mean difference between the planned UCI position on predictive tracing and postsurgical position was 0.30 mm (SD, 0.21 mm; P > .05) in the vertical plane. The variation between the planned maxillary position in model surgery and the actual position was 0.37 mm (SD, 0.31 mm; P > .05) in the vertical plane. CONCLUSIONS: Good surgical accuracy in positioning the mobilized maxilla can be achieved by use of the MCR as an external reference point.
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Cefalometria/métodos , Pálpebras/anatomia & histologia , Maxila/patologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos/métodos , Dimensão Vertical , Adolescente , Adulto , Placas Ósseas , Parafusos Ósseos , Transplante Ósseo , Feminino , Humanos , Incisivo/patologia , Masculino , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Maxila/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Anatômicos , Osteotomia/métodos , Osteotomia de Le Fort/métodos , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Contenções , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A survey of the green lacewings associated with the melon agroecosystem was carried out with the aim of including lacewings into the integrated management program of melon pests. Three species of this predator were found: Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen), Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Chrysoperla genanigra Freitas. A key to these species is presented.
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Cucurbitaceae/parasitologia , Insetos/fisiologia , Animais , Insetos/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
The lacewings (Ceraeochrysa cincta) are important predators found associated to many pests in several agroecosystems. Eggs of Sitotroga cerealella and Anagasta kuehniella are used traditionally for massal rearing of these predators. Other foods can be used in substitution to the traditional ones, but little is known about the biology of lacewings and other alternative foods. So, this work was carried out to evaluate the effect of different diets on the post-embryonic development of C. cincta in laboratory. After been individualized in glass tubes, each larva was fed with S. cereallella and Diatraea saccharallis. It was evaluated the larvae duration, weight and viability in each instar, the duration, weight and viability of the pupa and pre-pupa stages and the duration of the post-embryonic period. It was adopted a completely randomized design with ten replications per treatment, each consisting of five eggs or larvae of C. cincta. Larvae were weighed 48 hours after hatching and 48 hours after each molt, and pre-pupae and pupae, 48 hours after starting these stages. There was no effect of the kind of food provided on the parameters evaluated. Therefore, D. saccharallis eggs can be used to feed C. cincta.
Os crisopídeos são importantes predadores encontrados associados a diversos artrópodes-praga em diversos agroecossistemas. Para a criação massal desses predadores são utilizados tradicionalmente ovos de Sitotroga cerealella e de Anagasta kuehniella. Outros alimentos podem ser utilizados em substituição aos tradicionais, mas pouco se conhece sobre a biologia de crisopídeos e outros alimentos alternativos. Assim, este trabalho objetivou verificar o efeito de diferentes dietas sobre o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário dessa espécie em laboratório. Após a individualização em tubos de vidro, cada larva foi alimentada com ovos de S. cerealella e Diatraea saccharallis. Avaliou-se a duração, o peso e a viabilidade das larvas em cada ínstar, a duração o peso e viabilidade das fases de pré-pupa e pupa e a duração do período pós-embrionário. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições por tratamento, cada uma constituída por cinco ovos ou larvas de C. cincta. As larvas foram pesadas 48 horas após a eclosão e 48 horas após cada ecdise, e as pré-pupas e pupas, 48 horas após iniciarem esses estágios Não houve interferência do tipo de alimento fornecido sobre os parâmetros avaliados. Desta forma, ovos de D. saccharallis podem ser utilizados para alimentação de C. cincta.
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The purpose of this study was to consider the criteria for establishing the need for prosthesis, by comparing the need perceived subjectively by a patient (self-perception) with that assessed by an examiner according to the WHO diagnosis criteria. The proposed domiciliary sample comprised 270 elderly (aged 60 years or older) residents in a municipality in southern Brazil. The interviews and oral examinations were conducted by two dentists following a period of training and calibration. The criteria used conformed to the WHO and FDI standards. Statistical treatment of data included bivariate and multivariate analysis using SPSS 10.0. Only five patients identified the need for a prosthesis when not identified by the examiner. In the case of 172 elderly subjects, there was agreement in the self-perceived and observed treatment needs. The need for prosthesis was found in 93 elderly subjects who did not perceive any need for prosthetic treatment. The multivariate analysis showed that the variables age, gender, residential area and form of service most sought after during their lives were significantly associated with a better self-perception of oral health. The professional criteria based on WHO guidelines differed from the self-perceived need. Elderly male subjects who lived in a rural area and were 70 years of age or more, who did not participate in third age groups, and who had not sought dental services for most of their lives were the least likely to perceive the need for prosthetic treatment, thereby underestimating their oral health needs.
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Assistência Odontológica para Idosos/psicologia , Prótese Dentária/psicologia , Avaliação das Necessidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Bucal , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Prótese Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos , Dentaduras/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Boca Edêntula/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
The egg parasitoid Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) is one of the main natural enemies of lace bug Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae), together with the green lacewings and the fungus Sporothrix insectorum (Hoog e Evans). Studies about insect-pest distribution and their natural enemies in rubber tree are scarce. The objective of this research was to verify the sazonal horizontal distribution and population fluctuation of the parasitoid E. tingitiphagus in commercial blocks of rubber tree of the clones RRIM 600, PR 255, PB 217, PB 235 and GT 1, from october of 2005 to february of 2006, period of occurrence of L. heveae in the studied area. The samplings were performed in the North, South, East and West quadrants of five blocks, Ripe leaves of the inferior third of the canopy of five marked trees, from the edge towards the interior of the blocks, were collected. The leaves were taken to the laboratory, washed in sodium hypochlorite solution (1.5%), rinsed and dried under absorbent paper. The petioles of each leaflet were inserted in plastic tubes containing water, sealed, conditioned in identified plastic bags (12 x 30 cm), filled with an air compressor and closed in electric stamp. The material was suspended in clothes lines in an acclimatized room at 25 ± 1 ºC and 12 hours of photoperiod. After five days, the bags and leaflets were observed under stereos
O parasitóide de ovos Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) é um dos principais inimigos naturais do percevejo-de-renda, Leptopharsa heveae Drake e Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae), juntamente com os crisopídeos e o fungo Sporothrix insectorum (Hoog e Evans). Estudos sobre a distribuição de insetospraga e seus inimigos naturais em seringueira são escassos. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a distribuição horizontal sazonal e a flutuação populacional do parasitóide E. tingitiphagus em talhões comerciais dos clones de seringueira RRIM 600, PR 255, PB 217, PB 235 e GT 1, no período de outubro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006, período de ocorrência de L.heveae na região estudada. As amostragens foram realizadas nos quadrantes Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste de cinco talhões, em folhas maduras coletadas no terço inferior da copa de cinco árvores marcadas, da bordadura em direção ao interior dos talhões. As folhas foram levadas ao laboratório, lavadas em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (1,5%), enxaguadas e secadas sobre papel absorvente. Os pecíolos de cada folíolo foram inseridos em tubos plásticos contendo água, lacrados, acondicionados em sacos plásticos (12 x 30 cm) identificados, inflados com auxílio de um compressor de ar e fechados em seladora elétrica. O material foi pendurado em varais em sala climatizada a 25 ± 1 ºC com fotofase de 12 horas. Após cinco dias, os sacos e folí
RESUMO
Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a predator found in several agricultural ecosystems and it preys on small and soft body insects. Its high reproductive potential and forage capacity makes it able of preying eggs and larvae of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) internally hidden on cabbage head, where other natural enemies usually do not reach. These characteristics are important when choosing this predator to be used within biological control programs. This search evaluated the C. claveri development, reproduction, as well as the consumption of P. xylostella eggs and larvae under laboratory conditions. Therefore, it was evaluated the following diets: 1) eggs; 2) larvae of second ínstar; 3) eggs + larvae of second ínstar. The development and the viability of the immature forms of C. claveri were better in the diets containing eggs of P. xylostella. Also, the egg laying and adult longevity were greater with these diets, independently of the larvae presence. However, the diet type did not affect the sexual rate and the weight of the larvae after eight days of living. On average, each C. claveri larva was able of preying 1611 eggs or 135 second-ínstar larvae of P. xylostella during its development. The predator was able to increase its population 218 times after 42 days, feeding exclusively on P. xylostella eggs. Based on these results, this predator presents a great potential of being used within biological control programs of P. xylostella.
Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) é um predador encontrado em vários agroecossistemas, predando insetos pequenos e de tegumento mole. Seu alto potencial reprodutivo e elevada capacidade de busca o tornam capazes de predar ovos e larvas de Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) nas partes mais internas da cabeça do repolho, onde outros inimigos naturais não conseguem. Essas características podem favorecer a utilização desse predador no controle biológico dessa praga. Neste trabalho, o objetivo é avaliar o desenvolvimento, reprodução e capacidade de predação de C. claveri, quando ovos e larvas de P. xylostella foram ofertados em condições de laboratório. Foram avaliadas as seguintes dietas: 1) ovos; 2) larvas de segundo ínstar; 3) ovos + larvas de segundo ínstar. O desenvolvimento e a viabilidade das formas imaturas de C. claveri foi melhor nas dietas que continham ovos da presa. A oviposição e longevidade também foram maiores nessas dietas, independentemente da presença de larvas. Contudo, o tipo de dieta não afetou a razão sexual e o peso das larvas no oitavo dia de vida. Em média, cada larva de C. claveri foi capaz de predar 1611 ovos ou 135 larvas de segundo ínstar de P. xylostella durante seu desenvolvimento. O predador foi capaz de aumentar a população 218 vezes a cada 42 dias, alimentando-se, exclusivamente, de ovos da presa. Concluiu-se que o predador apresenta potencial para ser utilizado no controle biológico de P. xylostella.
RESUMO
The egg parasitoid Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) is one of the main natural enemies of lace bug Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae), together with the green lacewings and the fungus Sporothrix insectorum (Hoog e Evans). Studies about insect-pest distribution and their natural enemies in rubber tree are scarce. The objective of this research was to verify the sazonal horizontal distribution and population fluctuation of the parasitoid E. tingitiphagus in commercial blocks of rubber tree of the clones RRIM 600, PR 255, PB 217, PB 235 and GT 1, from october of 2005 to february of 2006, period of occurrence of L. heveae in the studied area. The samplings were performed in the North, South, East and West quadrants of five blocks, Ripe leaves of the inferior third of the canopy of five marked trees, from the edge towards the interior of the blocks, were collected. The leaves were taken to the laboratory, washed in sodium hypochlorite solution (1.5%), rinsed and dried under absorbent paper. The petioles of each leaflet were inserted in plastic tubes containing water, sealed, conditioned in identified plastic bags (12 x 30 cm), filled with an air compressor and closed in electric stamp. The material was suspended in clothes lines in an acclimatized room at 25 ± 1 ºC and 12 hours of photoperiod. After five days, the bags and leaflets were observed under stereos
O parasitóide de ovos Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) é um dos principais inimigos naturais do percevejo-de-renda, Leptopharsa heveae Drake e Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae), juntamente com os crisopídeos e o fungo Sporothrix insectorum (Hoog e Evans). Estudos sobre a distribuição de insetospraga e seus inimigos naturais em seringueira são escassos. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a distribuição horizontal sazonal e a flutuação populacional do parasitóide E. tingitiphagus em talhões comerciais dos clones de seringueira RRIM 600, PR 255, PB 217, PB 235 e GT 1, no período de outubro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006, período de ocorrência de L.heveae na região estudada. As amostragens foram realizadas nos quadrantes Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste de cinco talhões, em folhas maduras coletadas no terço inferior da copa de cinco árvores marcadas, da bordadura em direção ao interior dos talhões. As folhas foram levadas ao laboratório, lavadas em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (1,5%), enxaguadas e secadas sobre papel absorvente. Os pecíolos de cada folíolo foram inseridos em tubos plásticos contendo água, lacrados, acondicionados em sacos plásticos (12 x 30 cm) identificados, inflados com auxílio de um compressor de ar e fechados em seladora elétrica. O material foi pendurado em varais em sala climatizada a 25 ± 1 ºC com fotofase de 12 horas. Após cinco dias, os sacos e folí
RESUMO
Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a predator found in several agricultural ecosystems and it preys on small and soft body insects. Its high reproductive potential and forage capacity makes it able of preying eggs and larvae of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) internally hidden on cabbage head, where other natural enemies usually do not reach. These characteristics are important when choosing this predator to be used within biological control programs. This search evaluated the C. claveri development, reproduction, as well as the consumption of P. xylostella eggs and larvae under laboratory conditions. Therefore, it was evaluated the following diets: 1) eggs; 2) larvae of second ínstar; 3) eggs + larvae of second ínstar. The development and the viability of the immature forms of C. claveri were better in the diets containing eggs of P. xylostella. Also, the egg laying and adult longevity were greater with these diets, independently of the larvae presence. However, the diet type did not affect the sexual rate and the weight of the larvae after eight days of living. On average, each C. claveri larva was able of preying 1611 eggs or 135 second-ínstar larvae of P. xylostella during its development. The predator was able to increase its population 218 times after 42 days, feeding exclusively on P. xylostella eggs. Based on these results, this predator presents a great potential of being used within biological control programs of P. xylostella.
Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) é um predador encontrado em vários agroecossistemas, predando insetos pequenos e de tegumento mole. Seu alto potencial reprodutivo e elevada capacidade de busca o tornam capazes de predar ovos e larvas de Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) nas partes mais internas da cabeça do repolho, onde outros inimigos naturais não conseguem. Essas características podem favorecer a utilização desse predador no controle biológico dessa praga. Neste trabalho, o objetivo é avaliar o desenvolvimento, reprodução e capacidade de predação de C. claveri, quando ovos e larvas de P. xylostella foram ofertados em condições de laboratório. Foram avaliadas as seguintes dietas: 1) ovos; 2) larvas de segundo ínstar; 3) ovos + larvas de segundo ínstar. O desenvolvimento e a viabilidade das formas imaturas de C. claveri foi melhor nas dietas que continham ovos da presa. A oviposição e longevidade também foram maiores nessas dietas, independentemente da presença de larvas. Contudo, o tipo de dieta não afetou a razão sexual e o peso das larvas no oitavo dia de vida. Em média, cada larva de C. claveri foi capaz de predar 1611 ovos ou 135 larvas de segundo ínstar de P. xylostella durante seu desenvolvimento. O predador foi capaz de aumentar a população 218 vezes a cada 42 dias, alimentando-se, exclusivamente, de ovos da presa. Concluiu-se que o predador apresenta potencial para ser utilizado no controle biológico de P. xylostella.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) of children and adolescents with and without HIV infection and to determine associations among independent socio-demographic, clinical or cardiovascular variables and cIMT in HIV-infected children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a matched case-control study comparing 83 HIV-infected and 83 healthy children and adolescents. Clinical and laboratorial parameters, cIMT and echocardiogram were measured. RESULTS: The cIMT was higher in HIV-infected individuals (median 480 microm; interquartile range 463-518 microm) compared with controls (426 microm; range 415-453 microm, P<0.001). In addition, the HIV-infected group showed higher levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (medians 1.0 mg/l vs. 0.4 mg/l, P<0.001), glycated hemoglobin (6.1+/-0.9 vs. 5.7+/-0.8%, P=0.028) and triglycerides (medians 0.9 vs. 0.8 mmol/l, P=0.031). Finally, this group showed lower levels of total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. After multivariate analysis, increased cIMT was positively associated with stavudine use [odds ratio (OR): 18.9, P=0.005], left atrial/aorta index (OR: 15.6, P=0.019), suprailiac skinfold (OR: 7.9, P=0.019), tachypnea (OR: 5.9, P=0.031), CD8 lymphocyte count (OR: 5.7, P=0.033) and CD4 T-lymphocyte count (OR: 5.5, P=0.025). cIMT increment was negatively associated with total cholesterol (OR: 0.2, P=0.025) and with CD8 zenith (OR: 0.1, P=0.007). CONCLUSION: In this sample of children and adolescents, having HIV infection was associated with increased cIMT and elevated prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. These findings suggest that this group should be included in cardiovascular prevention programs.