RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether manual hyperinflation maneuvers can cause aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions in patients under mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Adult patients under mechanical ventilation in whom a dye was injected in the oropharyngeal cavity and had their tracheal secretion aspirated after 30 minutes (min) participated in this study. In the event of dye slid, the patient was eliminated. The other patients were divided in Control Group: patients in whom tracheal secretions were aspirated after 30, 60, 120, and 180 min, and Experimental Group: after 30 min, manual hyperventilation maneuvers were performed and secretions were aspirated on the established intervals. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were enrolled in this study. In 13, dye slippage was observed after 30 min, before allocating them into two groups. In the remaining 29 patients, 226 secretion samples were collected. In only two samples the presence of dye in the secretion was observed after manual hyperinflation maneuvers in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Manual hyperinflation maneuvers did not cause aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions in patients under mechanical ventilation.
Assuntos
Secreções Corporais , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/efeitos adversos , Respiração Artificial , Aspiração Respiratória/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Orofaringe/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The Nursing education is still strongly related to the biomedical model, although there were efforts to structure a Nursing perspective in this context. This paper aims to describe an experience of teaching, which used the case study to discuss Nursing process, care and use of standardized language. This experience was developed with 35 students at the fifth semester of nursing undergraduate at a public university in São Paulo, Brazil. This teaching strategy had limitations and challenges related to students' participation, but it was more interesting for them when compared to lectures because it have made them feel like subjects in the teaching-learning process and co-responsible for own formation.
Assuntos
Educação em Enfermagem/métodos , Processo de Enfermagem , Vocabulário ControladoRESUMO
PURPOSE: to identify the microbial charge present in reusable trocars used in gynecological laparoscopies. METHODS: a descriptive exploratory study. An amount of 57 trocars, 30 with 10 mm of diameter and 27 with 5 mm, have been collected from the surgical unit, immediately after the surgery and placed in a sterilized recipient, in which 250 mL of sterile distilled water was added. Then, the trocars were agitated for the drainage of particles and to obtain a wash-out fluid to be analyzed. After being filtered through 0.22 microm cellulose membrane, the residue was placed on blood agar plates with a sterilized forceps. Following incubation, microbiological analysis has been done to count the number of colonies and further identify the microorganisms, using standard laboratorial techniques. RESULTS: microbial charge was recovered from 47.4% of the trocars analyzed. Among those, 45.6% presented 1 to 100 growing colonies. Fourteen types of microorganisms have been identified, among which the more frequently isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (28%) and Bacillus sp (21%), Aeromonas hydrophila, Alcaligenes sp, Candida parapsilosis, and enterobacteries were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: the study has demonstrated that the microbial challenge faced by the technician responsible for the cleaning and sterilization of trocars is low, as compared to the challenge imposed by biological markers. Nevertheless, it may be not inferred that the risks for infectious complications for patients are minimal.