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OBJECTIVES: Concerns about the increasing impact of severe COVID-19 in younger individuals in Brazil came after a recent synchronised country-wide wave of cases in Brazil. This communication analyses how hospitalisations due to COVID-19 changed in the age groups 18-49 years and ≥70 years. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal study based on secondary data. METHODS: Data from SIVEP-Gripe, a public and open-access database of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness records (including COVID-19 notifications), were used in this study. Statistical control charts examined changes in the magnitude and variation of younger (18-49 years) and older (≥70 years) adults who were hospitalised between 15th March 2020 and 19th June 2021. RESULTS: During the few first weeks of the pandemic in Brazil, the number of COVID-19 hospitalisations increased in older adults but decreased in younger adults. Subsequently, hospitalisations reached statistical control zones in epidemiological weeks (EW) 19-48 of 2020 (EW 19-48/2020) and EW 03-05/2021 (18-49 y, mean = 26.1%; ≥70 y, mean = 32.8%). Between EW 49/2020 and EW 02/2021, the number of hospitalisations of younger adults dropped to levels below the lower control limit. In contrast, the number of hospitalisations of older adults surpassed the upper limit of the corresponding statistical control zones. However, from EW 06/2021, numbers of hospitalisations changed from statistical control zones, with hospitalisations of younger adults increasing and reaching 44.9% in EW 24/2021 and hospitalisations of older adults decreasing until EW 19/2021 (14.1%) and reaching 17.3% in EW 24/2021. CONCLUSIONS: An increasing number of COVID-19 hospitalisations were observed in younger adults from EW 06/2021. This could be a result of the successful vaccination programme in older adults, who were initially prioritised, and possibly an increased exposure to highly transmissible variants of COVID-19 in younger adults who had to go to work in the absence of social protection (i.e. government financial support). Potential consequences of COVID-19 hospitalisations in younger adults could include a reduced life expectancy of the population and an increased number of people unable to perform daily activities due to post-COVID-19 conditions.
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COVID-19 , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Myofibroblasts (MF) and angiogenesis are important factors in the development and expansion of cystic lesions, where these cells secrete growth factors and proteases, stimulating angiogenesis, matrix deposition and cell migration, affecting the growth of these periapicopathies. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CD34 and α-SMA in radicular cysts (RC) and residual radicular cysts (RRC), with the purpose of contributing to a better understanding of the expansion and progression of these periapical lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study os a descriptive, quantitative and comparative analysis of positive CD34 and α-SMA immunohistochemical expressions in 30 RC and 30 RRC specimens. α-SMA expression was evaluated in the fibrous capsule of the lesions, at 100x magnification below the epithelial lining. A total of 10 higher immunostaining fields were selected and subsequently, positive cells were quantified at 400x magnification, averaged per field. Regarding the angiogenic index, immuno-labeled microvessel counts for the anti-CD34 antibody were performed in 10 fields at 200x magnification. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences regarding α-SMA immunostaining were observed (p = 0.035), as well as a correlation between α-SMA versus CD34 (p = 0.004) in RRC. However, the angiogenic index obtained by immunostaining for CD34 indicated no statistical difference between lesions. Intense inflammatory infiltrates were predominant in RC, while mild and moderate degrees were more commonly observed in RRC (p <0.001). Intense inflammatory infiltrates were also more often noted in larger RRC (p = 0.041). Inflammatory infiltrates showed no significant correlation with α-SMA and CD34 immunostaining. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the significant correlation found between the presence of MF and the angiogenic index are related to the repair process in RRC.
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Cisto Radicular , Movimento Celular , Humanos , Microvasos , Miofibroblastos , Neovascularização PatológicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were (1) to identify attributes for patient safety at a primary healthcare level and (2) to analyze conceptions of patients, professionals, and managers about how these attributes are being addressed. STUDY DESIGN: This was a qualitative study. METHODS: Participants were recruited from three primary care settings in Brazil. A total of 37 subjects (four physicians, three nurses, three dentists, three managers, five community assistants, and 19 patients) participated on interviews about their perceptions of safety attributes at the primary care settings involved in the study. Some of these participants attended a focus group meeting. A thematic categorical analysis was carried out to interpret the interviews. RESULTS: The main attributes for patient safety were valued by the participants. However, barriers such as discontinuity of care, interruptions during consultations, breakdowns in the communication, and ineffective teamwork were reported as frequent sources of patient safety issues. Reports of patients left unattended for excessive time because of the lack of accurate information and disruptions that took up to 35 min show that there is still a long way to go for primary care to be safe and effective in the study settings. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary that the strategies meet the patient safety needs more effectively and efficiently. Further research is needed to understand the complex nature of the problems that affect patient safety in these settings so that appropriate decisions can be made.
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Avaliação das Necessidades , Segurança do Paciente , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Pessoal Administrativo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Brasil , Comunicação , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Relações Interprofissionais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of photodynamic inactivation mediated by eosin Y in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacteria (107 CFU per ml) were incubated with eosin Y at concentrations ranging from 0·1 to 10 µmol l-1 , irradiated by green LED (λmax 490-570 nm) for 5, 10 and 15 min and the cellular viability was determined. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was completely inactivated when treated with 10 µmol l-1 eosin Y for 10 min. Treatments reduced B. cereus and Salm. Typhimurium counts to 2·7 log CFU per ml and 1·7 log CFU per ml, respectively. Escherichia coli counts were slightly reduced. Staphylococcus aureus presented the highest sensitivity, being completely inactivated by eosin Y at 5 µmol l-1 and 5 min of illumination. The reduction of cellular viability of photoinactivated Staph. aureus was also demonstrated by flow cytometry and morphological changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Eosin Y in combination with LED produced bacterial inactivation, being a potential candidate for photodynamic inactivation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study evidenced the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation as a novel and promising alternative to bacterial control.
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Bactérias , Amarelo de Eosina-(YS)/farmacologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Viabilidade Microbiana , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/efeitos da radiação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos da radiação , Processos FotoquímicosRESUMO
O ultrassom intracoronário (USIC) é o método adjunto mais utilizado na Cardiologia Intervencionista, e sua análise depende de normas para a aquisição, mensuração e interpretação das imagens. Ao associar a caracterização tecidual, o artefato causado pelo fio-guia pode hiperestimaro porcentual de núcleo necrótico em determinadas lesões, levando à classificação equivocada defibroateroma. Descrevemos os efeitos quantitativos e na análise tecidual resultantes da subtração do efeitodo artefato do fio-guia nas lesões ateroscleróticas em pacientes com síndrome coronária aguda. Métodos: Foram avaliados 21 pacientes com infarto do miocárdio pós-trombólise com USIC em escala de cinzas e com a tecnologia iMAP®, totalizando 76 lesões.Resultados: O USIC em escala de cinzas mostrou que as lesões tinham extensão média de 21,01 ± 18,03 mm e apresentavam elevada carga de placa (52,07 ± 7,56%). A análise pelo iMAP® demonstrou que, após a subtração do artefato do fio-guia, houve redução de todos os componentes teciduais (necrótico, calcífico, lipídico e fibrótico), porém de maneira mais acentuada do núcleo necrótico (diferença média de 3,59%). Além disso, após a subtração do artefato, 12,4% das lesões que inicialmente apresentavam núcleo necrótico ≥ 10% passaram a não ser mais classificadas como fibroateroma.Conclusões: A análise da placa de ateroma pela tecnologia iMAP® mostrou que o artefato do fio-guia superestimou o componente tecidual do núcleo necrótico. Essa interferência pode mudar errônea e categoricamente as características fenotípicas de lesões mais benignas e estáveis (fibróticas) para lesões potencialmente instáveis, como os fibroateromas, na relação de um em cada dez pacientes...
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is the most widely used ancillary method in Interventional Cardiology, and its analysis depends on standards for acquisition, measurement and interpretation of the images. By associating tissue characterization, the artifact caused by the guidewire may overestimate the percentage of necrotic core in certain lesions, leading to misclassification of fibroatheroma. In this paper we described quantitative and tissue analysis effects resulting from subtracting the effect of guidewire artifact on atherosclerotic lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: Twenty-one patients with post-thrombolysis myocardial infarction were evaluated with grayscale IVUS and iMAPTM technology, totaling 76 lesions. Results: Grayscale IVUS showed that the lesions had a mean length of 21.01 ± 18.03 mm and revealed highplaque burden (52.07 ± 7.56%). The analysis by iMAPTM demonstrated that, after subtracting the guidewire artifact, there was a reduction of all tissue (necrotic, calcific, lipid and fibrotic) components, but more markedly in necrotic core (mean difference: 3.59%). In addition, after artifact subtraction 12.4% of the lesions that initially exhibited a necrotic core ≥ 10% ceased to be classified as fibroatheroma.Conclusions: An atheroma analysis by iMAPTM technology showed that the guidewire artifact over estimated the tissue component of the necrotic core. This interference may change, in an erroneous and categoric alway, the phenotypic characteristics of more stable and benign (fibrotic) lesions to potentially unstable lesions, for example, fibroatheromas, in a ratio of one out of ten patients...
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto/métodos , Pacientes , Tratamento Farmacológico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Fatores de Risco , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico , Placa Aterosclerótica/terapia , Terapia Trombolítica/métodosRESUMO
Introdução: Atualmente, existe grande debate acerca da fisiopatologia do infarto agudo do miocárdio e da composição tecidual e morfológica das lesões responsáveis por eventos isquêmicos. Entretanto, poucos estudos investigaram a aplicabilidade da tecnologia iMAP® na caracterização tecidual desses pacientes. Avaliamos pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST pós-fibrinolítico com ultrassom intravascular em escala de cinzas e com a tecnologia iMAP®, a fim de descrever a composição tecidual das lesões culpadas pelo infarto agudo do miocárdio. Métodos: Foram avaliadas três artérias coronárias epicárdicas com ultrassom intravascular em escala de cinzas e com a tecnologia iMAP® de 25 pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST pós-trombólise, com critérios de reperfusão. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 51 ± 11,5 anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (72%). A artéria mais frequentemente envolvida foi a coronária direita (48%). O ultrassom intravascular mostrou que as lesões culpadas eram longas (extensão de 31,0 ± 17,2 mm) e com elevado porcentual de volume de placa (58,5 ± 5,1%). No ponto de maior obstrução, ou seja, na área luminal mínima, a carga de placa foi de 82,5 ± 7,5%. Além disso, o índice de remodelamento médio foi ...
Background: Currently, there is a great debate about the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction and tissue composition and morphology of lesions responsible for ischemic events. However, few studies have investigated the applicability of tissue characterization using iMAPTM technology in these patients. We evaluated patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after thrombolytic therapy with grayscale intravascular ultrasound and iMAPTM technology to describe the tissue composition of the culprit lesions. Methods: Twenty-five ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with successful reperfusion had the three major epicardial coronary arteries evaluated by grayscale intravascular ultrasound and iMAPTM technology. Results: Mean age was 51 ± 11.5 years with a prevalence of males (72%). The artery most often involved was the right coronary artery (48%). Intravascular ultrasound showed that the culprit lesions were long (mean extension 31.0 ± 17.2 mm) with a high percent of plaque volume (58.5 ± 5.1%). At the point of highest obstruction (minimal luminal area), the plaque burden was 82.5 ± 7.5%. Furthermore, the mean remodeling index was 1.4 ± 1.0, indicating positive remodeling. iMAPTM analysis of the lesion and minimal luminal area showed a prevalence of fibrotic and necrotic components when compared to other components. Conclusions: In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients, the culprit lesion showed ...
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The objective was to determine whether exposure of Gir (Bos indicus) cows to heat-stress (HS) causes immediate and delayed deleterious effect on follicular dynamics, hormonal profile and oocyte competence. The cows were kept in tie-stalls for an adaptive thermoneutral period of 28 days (Phase I, Days -28 to -1). In Phase II (Days 0-28) cows were randomly allocated into control (CG, n=5) and HS (HS, n=5) treatments. The HS cows were placed in an environmental chamber at 38 degrees C and 80% relative humidity (RH) during the day and 30 degrees C, 80% RH during the night for 28 days. The CG group was maintained in shaded tie-stalls (ambient temperature) for 28 days. During Phase III (Days 28-147) animals were placed in tie-stalls (Days 28-42) followed by pasture (Days 42-147) under thermoneutrality. In each phase, weekly ovum pick up (OPU) sessions were to evaluate follicular development, morphology of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), and developmental competence after in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture. Serum concentrations of progesterone (P(4)) and cortisol were evaluated by radioimmunoassay. Exposure of Gir cows to HS had no immediate effect on reproductive function, but exerted a delayed deleterious effect on ovarian follicular growth, hormone concentrations, and oocyte competence. Heat-stress increased the diameter of the first and second largest follicles from Days 28 to 49. Indeed, HS increased the number of >9 mm follicles (characterized as follicular codominance) during this phase. Cows exposed to HS had longer periods of non-cyclic activity (P(4)<1 ng/mL), as well as shorter estrous cycles. However, HS did not affect cortisol concentration as compared to CG. Although HS had no significant effect on cleavage rate, it reduced blastocyst development during Phase III. In conclusion, long-term exposure of B. indicus cattle to HS had a delayed deleterious effect on ovarian follicular dynamics and oocyte competence.
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Bovinos/fisiologia , Fertilização in vitro/veterinária , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterinária , Oócitos/fisiologia , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Animais , Ciclo Estral/fisiologia , Feminino , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/sangue , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/patologia , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Masculino , Gravidez , Progesterona/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Radiographic evaluation of periodontal conditions is a difficult process because of the many limitations inherent to this complementary examination and the lack of image specificity for different types of bone defects. The objectives of this study are to utilize digitized imaging resources to describe the radiographic features of different types of periodontal bone defects produced artificially in dry mandibles. METHODS: 14 dry mandibles were utilized, in which periodontal bone defects were produced. Digital photographs and conventional radiographs of each site were obtained in a standardized manner, before and after producing these defects. The radiographs were then digitized, displayed on the screen and evaluated by three examiners. RESULTS: Most of the bone defects presented distinct imaging characteristics that allowed them to be identified, with the exception of one-, two- and three-wall infrabony defects. The defects that were most easily interpreted were horizontal and vertical defects and the most difficult were defects in the radicular septum. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the importance of imaging diagnoses in reaching clinical decisions regarding treatment, such diagnoses for different types of periodontal bone defects are extremely difficult to make. In the present study, the utilization of digital tools for interpreting digitized radiographic images facilitated the process.
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Perda do Osso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador , Radiografia Dentária Digital , Cadáver , Humanos , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Variações Dependentes do ObservadorRESUMO
Chemical safety is recognized in Agenda 21(UNCED--Rio 92), as one of the most serious problems to be faced worldwide being a problem not just of governability, restricted more to the role of states and governments, but of governance at the national and international levels. It poses greater challenges for countries like Brazil where the issues of democracy, security, sustainability and equity, which are fundamental to governance, are merely incipient and still far from solved. Taking as references the analysis of four cases in the Brazilian context, we illustrate the situation from less densely populated areas (as in the cases of mercury use by gold miners in the Amazon and pesticides in agricultural producing areas), through medium-sized towns (as in the accident with cesium 137 in Goiânia), to the major urban and industrial centers (as in the cases of lead from battery renovators and benzene in the oil and steel industries and oil refineries). What can be seen is a situation where problems connected with chemical safety have grown in intensity and extent far more than the capacity to deal with them. In industrializing countries, the formulation of chemical safety policies must take into account not only the complexity and uncertainties involved in understanding the problems, but also the aspects relating to the different modes and levels of vulnerability. This is necessary in order to attempt to build better contextualized and more participatory knowledge and decision-making processes at the local and global levels, which we take as basic prerequisites for governance.
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Indústria Química/normas , Gestão da Segurança , Brasil , Indústria Química/legislação & jurisprudência , Tomada de Decisões , Planejamento em Desastres , Humanos , Gestão da Segurança/legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of numeric anomalies in the permanent dentition of patients with Down syndrome by means of panoramic radiographs. The sample consisted of panoramic radiographs from 70 subjects. We examined the radiographs to detect hypodontia as well as supernumerary teeth. Our results confirm the high prevalence of hypodontia among patients with Down syndrome (60%), mostly with mild expression. The teeth most often missing were the upper lateral incisors, usually bilaterally, followed by the lower second premolars and upper second premolars. Supernumerary teeth were seen in 6% of the subjects, and the concomitant occurrence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth occurred in one patient.
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Síndrome de Down/complicações , Anormalidades Dentárias/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Anodontia/complicações , Anodontia/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Pré-Molar/anormalidades , Dente Pré-Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dente Canino/anormalidades , Dente Canino/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Incisivo/anormalidades , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Dente Molar/anormalidades , Dente Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Panorâmica , Anormalidades Dentárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Supranumerário/complicações , Dente Supranumerário/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The objective of this paper is to show the development program about health and environment in an institution of academic research and teaching, technological development and services. We analyse data from the register of projects in health and environment in the development process as the thematic axis for this program. We show the sectors which the projects are related, the key words of research and teaching, the construction of thematic axis that should guide and the different approach of interdisciplinary. At the end we show the challenges and perspectives for an interdisciplinar work about health and environment in an academic research and teaching institution.
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Meio Ambiente , Fundações , Programas Médicos Regionais , BrasilRESUMO
The parasitic specificity of larval, nymph and adult Amblyomma cajennense on six different host species: Oryctolagus cuniculus, Rattus norvegicus, Gallus gallus domesticus, Anas platyrhynchus, Coturnix coturnix and Streptopelia decorata is described. In terms of the numbers of larvae and nymphs recovered, O. cuniculus was the best host species. The modal day for drop-off of larvae and nymphs was day three for the mammal hosts, but variable in the birds. We conclude that adult A. cajennense have a strong degree of specificity due to the fact that the tick failed to complete its life cycle on any of the evaluated hosts. The immature stages, on the other hand, showed a low level of specificity, most especially in the larval stage, indicating the existence of secondary hosts which probably serve as dispersers in the wild. The results also indicated a variable drop-off rhythm for larvae and nymphs in two periods, diurnal (6-18 hr) and nocturnal (18-6 hr), which differed depending upon the host.
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Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/fisiologia , Carrapatos/fisiologia , Adulto , Animais , Aves/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Larva/fisiologia , Ninfa/fisiologia , Coelhos/parasitologia , Ratos/parasitologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Accidents in the chemical industry, such as those that took place in Seveso (1976) and Bhopal (1984), may kill or injure thousands of people, cause serious health hazards and irreversible environmental damage. The aim of this paper is to examine the ever-increasing risk of similar accidents becoming a frequent ocurrence in the so-called industrializing countries. Using figures from some of the worst chemical accidents in the last decades, data on the Bhopal disaster, and Brazil's social and institutional characteristics, we put forward the hypothesis that present social, political and economic structures in industrializing countries make these countries much more vulnerable to such accidents and create the type of setting where--if and when these accidents occur--they will have even more catastrophic consequences. The authors argue that only the transformation of local structures, and stronger technical cooperation between international organizations, industrialized and industrializing countries could reduce this vulnerability.
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Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , Indústria Química , Risco , Acidentes de Trabalho/economia , Indústria Química/economia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Política , Meio SocialRESUMO
Chemical accidents involving explosions, large fires and leakages of hazardous substances occurring during transport, storage and industrial production of chemicals constitute a real challenge to health, environmental and industrial safety professionals. The aim of this article is to discuss the main questions that this kind of accident provokes, in terms of public health, particularly in developing countries such as Brazil. The paper defines and characterises these accidents and the various health risk they involve excluding the leakages of hazardous substances during "normal" production in industry--through the combination of quantitative and qualitative information drawn from the international literature on the subject. From some examples of chemical accidents such as occurred in Bhopal (India), Vila Socó (Brazil), São Paulo (México) and data of the World Health Organization (WHO), the authors seek to show that these events present a worsening, in terms of immediate deaths and injuries, in developing countries. The statistics of chemical accidents which occurred during the last ten years (1984 to 1993) in the State of Rio de Janeiro are used taken as a frame reference for the purpose of bringing to light the great number of occurrences made with no registration of basic information regarding assessment or surveillance. The complexity of causes and consequences, together with the structural problems of developing countries, present public health professionals and institutions, with some important tasks especially those of health risk assessment and the formulation of strategies to prevent and control future major chemical accidents.
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Acidentes de Trabalho , Indústria Química , Poluição Ambiental , Prevenção de Acidentes , Brasil , HumanosRESUMO
The authors report a case of pheochromocytoma in which the echocardiographic features suggested obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The angiographic study and the computed tomography showed the tumor and its arterial supply. One month after resection of the tumor the echocardiographic features showed a tendency to normalization. The preoperative echocardiographic aspect was probably due to excessive production of catecholamines by the tumor.
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Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/complicações , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/diagnóstico por imagem , Feocromocitoma/complicações , Adulto , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/etiologia , Feocromocitoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Taquicardia/etiologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The diagnosis and the effects of treatment of anemia were assessed in children aged 6-71 months. A total of 1,161 preschool children from a health center of INAMPS (Instituto Nacional de Assistência Médica e Previdência Social) in Recife, Pernambuco, was studied. Hemoglobin was determined by the method described by Hainline. WHO criteria were used to identify anemia. According to their age, nutritional status and family income, the children were divided into groups, and those with anemia were treated with ferrous sulphate and an anti-helminthic (mebendazole). Anemia prevalence was substantially higher in children aged 2 years, and a statistically significant association (0.01 level) was found between anemia and nutritional status and family income. After treatment, hemoglobin values were normal in 40% of the anemic children; simultaneously, mean hemoglobin values increased from 9.11 to 10.3 g/dl which was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). This investigation is part of a collaborative study performed in four Brazilian states to offer "know-how" to a national program for combating iron deficiency anemia.
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Anemia/epidemiologia , Anemia/sangue , Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia Hipocrômica/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia Hipocrômica/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Seguimentos , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Renda , Lactente , Ferro/uso terapêutico , Mebendazol/uso terapêutico , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The nutritional status according to anthropometric data was assessed in 756 schoolchildren from 5 low-income state schools and in one private school in the same part of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The prevalence of stunting and wasting (cut-off point: less than 90% ht/age and less than 80% wt/ht) ranged in the public schools from 6.2 to 15.2% and 3.3 to 24.0%, respectively, whereas the figures for the private school were 2.3 and 3.5%, respectively. Much more obesity was found in the private school (18.0%) than in the state schools (0.8-6.2%). Nutritional problems seem to develop more severely in accordance with the increasing age of the children. Therefore it appears advisable to assess schoolchildren within the context of nutritional surveillance system.
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Antropometria , Estado Nutricional , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Brasil , Criança , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
The authors present a clinical case of adhesive prosthesis on posterior teeth, where it is proposed an alternative technique based upon the retentive principles of removable parcial prosthesis, diminishing the elimination of enamel.