RESUMO
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomised sample of 405 children aged 6-71 months in Brazil to investigate the association between nutritional status, environmental and socio-economic factors and Giardialamblia infection. Data collection entailed an interview, anthropometric measurements and the collection of faeces and venous blood samples. The analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence rate for G. lamblia was 26.3%. Nutritional status evaluation showed that 7.9% of the children had chronic malnutrition and 11.1% had acute malnutrition. The risk factors associated with infection by G. lamblia were an age of 2 years or older [odds ratio (OR)=2.4], living in a two-bedroom house or smaller (OR=2.3), living among a family of five or more people (OR=2.4) and living in a house without access to a sewerage system (OR=2.1). Non-participation in the social service programme was associated with a lower risk of infection (OR=0.2). The model adjusted for age, including only biochemical and nutritional variables, showed weak associations with G. lamblia infection for two variables: inadequate animal protein intake according to the Dietary Reference Intake recommendation and low haemoglobin concentration. The sociodemographic and environmental risk factors classically described were associated with G. lamblia infection, but nutritional variables were only weakly associated with it.
Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Antropometria , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Giardíase/sangue , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Desnutrição/sangue , Prevalência , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Evidences suggest that lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, literature has been controversial in confirming its role as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the association between serum levels of Lp(a) and ischemic heart disease as well as other cardiovascular risk factors in a population-based study conducted on a local cohort of the Brazilian population. Lp(a) serum levels were measured in 400 individuals selected from a larger sample of a populational survey carried out in Ouro Preto, a city in the southeast of Brazil. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, anthropometric and clinical parameters were analyzed. Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with the presence of ischemic heart disease. In relation to other cardiovascular risk factors, it was verified that Lp(a) levels were statistically associated with age, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and percentage of body fat determined by bioelectric impedance. Lp(a) was also highly associated with the Framingham risk score (p=0.003). In a multivariate analysis two significant interactions were revealed; one involving ischemic heart disease, sex and age and other associating ischemic heart disease, age and total cholesterol. In summary, in the present analysis Lp(a) serum levels were correlated with the occurrence of ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular risk factors.