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BACKGROUND: Although preventable, pressure injuries are commonly observed in the hospital setting and are estimated to be the third most costly condition, after cancer and cardiovascular disease. AIM: Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention and management of pressure injuries, however, published evidence on the effectiveness of educational interventions, directed specifically at nurses in the hospital environment, is scarce. METHOD: The authors retrieved published studies on the subject from selected databases (Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library) in a number of languages (Portuguese, English, French and Spanish). The search yielded randomised controlled trials, as well as quasi-experimental and comparative studies. FINDINGS: In total, 11 studies were selected. The outcomes analysed, following some type of educational intervention, included the attitudes and knowledge of the nursing professionals, as well as the incidence of pressure injuries. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that different educational strategies can help prevent pressure injuries in the hospital environment.

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Burn injuries are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the Brazilian population. We conducted this study in a tertiary hospital in Brazil to discover the epidemiological characteristics of patients with burn injuries. We conducted a cohort review of patients admitted to the burn unit of our institute during a 5-year period. For each patient, we collected data that included age, gender, total percentage of burned body surface area, burn location, burn mode, and burn cause. We analyzed the data using the R programming language. We included a total of 496 patients in our study. The mean age of the patients was 28 ± 14.7 years. The median length of hospital stay was 2 weeks. We found a significant correlation between the total percentage of burned body surface area and the length of hospitalization (p < .001) and the length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (p < .001). A total of 427 patients (86%) were discharged from the hospital after successful treatment. In contrast, 43 patients (8.67%) died. The mortality rate was highest in patients who had more than 70% of their total body surface area burned. The average length of hospitalization aligned with global and national statistics presented in the literature. The main causes of the burn injuries were thermal (e.g., fire, hot liquids). We found inhalation injuries present in more than one third of the patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit with thermal burns.

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The global spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern underscore an urgent need of simple deployed molecular tools that can differentiate these lineages. Several tools and protocols have been shared since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, but they need to be timely adapted to cope with SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Although whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the virus genetic material has been widely used, it still presents practical difficulties such as high cost, shortage of available reagents in the global market, need of a specialized laboratorial infrastructure and well-trained staff. These limitations result in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance blackouts across several countries. Here we propose a rapid and accessible protocol based on Sanger sequencing of a single PCR fragment that is able to identify and discriminate all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) identified so far, according to each characteristic mutational profile at the Spike-RBD region (K417N/T, E484K, N501Y, A570D). Twelve COVID-19 samples from Brazilian patients were evaluated for both WGS and Sanger sequencing: three P.2, two P.1, six B.1.1 and one B.1.1.117 lineage. All results from the Sanger sequencing method perfectly matched the mutational profile of VOCs and non-VOCs RBD's characterized by WGS. In summary, this approach allows a much broader network of laboratories to perform molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and report results within a shorter time frame, which is of utmost importance in the context of rapid public health decisions in a fast evolving worldwide pandemic.

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The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of complicated surgical wounds (CSWs) and to analyze the associated factors in hospitalized patients at an oncology institution. This was an epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study conducted in the intensive care and hospitalization units forming part of a large cancer hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from medical records and physical examinations of the skin. Associations between the dependent variable (presence of CSWs) and the independent variables were obtained by chi-square tests and odds ratio (OR) calculations with a 95% confidence interval. Logistic regression (LASSO) was used to verify the possible predictors of the outcome. The sample consisted of 341 patients, specifically individuals who are White (46.9%), married (53.4%), and men (58.1%) with an average age of 59.2 years. Complicated surgical wounds were present in 3.2% of patients, and the most frequent types of complications were dehiscence (40%), infection (26.7%), and fistula (20%) present in the abdominal (40%), cephalic (26.7%), and cervical (13.3%) regions. Senile purpura, diaper use, and infection were the clinical variables associated with the occurrence of CSWs (p = .044, p = .001, and p < .001, respectively). Based on the logistic regression, the presence of infection (p < .001; OR = 90.8; 95% CI [18.42, 538.79]) persisted as a predictor of the occurrence of CSWs. From these observations, recommendations regarding best practices for the prevention of CSWs are made, specifically for patients with cancer.

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Objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the autolytic debridement promoted by hydrogel with sodium alginate enriched with fatty acids and vitamins A and E in the healing of foot wounds in diabetic patients. A clinical study was conducted at an outpatient clinic of medical specialties. The sample comprised 8 patients supervised for a 3-month period, from April to July 2017, by means of a clinical history, photographic record, planimetry, and classification of the wound severity by the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) system. Of the 8 patients supervised, 1 dropped out and 7 were followed up for 12 weeks. Only 2 had complete wound healing, but all presented a reduction of the lesion area of approximately 22.2% and PUSH score of 9.8 to 6.6. This study found that hydrogel showed good results for the treatment of diabetic feet, reducing the area and overall PUSH score of the wounds.

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BACKGROUND: The face is responsible for nonverbal communication. Facial nerve paralysis, which is the weakness or paralysis of the nerve responsible for the innervation of the muscles that perform these movements, is a condition that can raise serious physical, psychological, social, professional, aesthetic, and functional disorders. The physical aspect has a disastrous effect on the patient's self-image and emotional state. This study aimed to evaluate the self-image of patients with facial paralysis through the Body Image Quality Life Index (BIQLI), pre- and postclinical treatment with botulinum toxin. METHOD: A prospective, exploratory, comparative cohort was carried out, with quantitative analysis of the variables with 40 patients with facial paralysis treated by the Ambulatory of Plastic Surgery of Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo. The Sociodemographic and clinical instrument and the BIQLI were applied. Descriptive statistics and statistical inference were used to perform the analyses. RESULTS: It was found that the majority of the paralysis occurred in female individuals (55%), with an average age of 47,875 (DP), single and married (38.88%), and with secondary education completed (16.66%). CONCLUSION: The body image evaluation of patients with facial paralysis submitted to the botulinum toxin treatment showed an ability to identify the positive impact of therapy in the period between 15 and 180 days by the BIQLI.

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Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a disease that causes skin exfoliative lesions, characterized by fever, necrosis, and epidermal detachment. Biological skin substitutes may be considered interesting options for the treatment of this disease. This study aims at identifying in the literature the evidence on the current role of these biomaterials in the treatment of SJS and its related diseases. A systematic review with a search period between 2003 and 2017 was carried out, consulting the Lilacs, BVS, and PubMed databases. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Classification, for evaluating levels of evidence from the scientific publications. Ninety-five publications were found, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, they resulted in 9 articles. In total, 20 patients with 73.87% average of body surface affected received SJS skin treatment with some biological substitutes, among them are cutaneous allograft, amnion, and xenograft. Mortality rate was 10%, and in these situations, literature indicates mortality rates ranging from 25% to 70%. Effectiveness of the use of biological dressings may be a possible explanation for this finding. Findings indicate the use of these biomaterials may favor reepithelialization, reduce water loss, decrease the chance of infection, and, consequently, improve the survival of patients with SJS and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Biological skin substitutes have characteristics that make them very promising in the topical treatment of these wounds, but their use remains very restricted in the treatment of SJS.

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A dor e o sofrimento estão associados com queimaduras, trazem efeitos fisiológicos e emocionais adversos, principalmente em crianças. O controle adequado da dor é um fator importante na melhora dos resultados clínicos. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar na literatura os princípios ativos mais utilizados para a analgesia em crianças vítimas de queimaduras. Foi realizada uma revisão com um período de busca entre 2008 e 2018, consultando as bases de dados LILACS, Scielo e Medline/PubMed. Duzentas e vinte e cinco publicações foram encontradas e, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 12 artigos relatavam os princípios ativos medicamentosos utilizados para analgesia em crianças queimadas. Os medicamentos mais encontrados foram paracetamol, morfina, ketamina, propofol, AINEs e fentanil. Os profissionais de saúde precisam reconhecer o significado da dor relacionada às crianças queimadas e estar atualizados sobre as várias opções farmacológicas disponíveis. Assim, ter aprofundamento sobre dosagem e via de administração, bem como o conhecimento com queimaduras pediátricas, pode romper barreiras para beneficiar o paciente com o início precoce da administração de analgésicos.

Pain and suffering are associated with burns, they bring adverse physiological and emotional effects mainly on children. Adequate pain control is an important factor in improving clinical outcomes. This study aims to identify in the literature the active principles most used for analgesia in children victims of burns. A review was conducted with a search period between 2008 and 2018, consulting the LILACS, Scielo and Medline / PubMed databases. Two hundred and twenty five publications were found and, after the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles reported the active drug principles used for analgesia in burned children. The most commonly found drugs were paracetamol, morphine, ketamine, propofol, NSAIDs and fentanyl. Health professionals need to recognize the meaning of pain related to burned children and be up to date on the various pharmacological options available. Thus, having in-depth dosing and route of administration as well as knowledge with pediatric burns can break down barriers to benefit the patient with the early onset of analgesic administration.

El dolor y el sufrimiento están asociados con quemaduras, traen efectos fisiológicos y emocionales adversos principalmente en los niños. El control adecuado del dolor es un factor importante en la mejora de los resultados clínicos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar en la literatura los principios activos más utilizados para la analgesia en niños víctimas de quemaduras. Se realizó una revisión con un período de búsqueda entre 2008 y 2018, consultando las bases de datos LILACS, Scielo y Medline / PubMed. Se encontraron doscientas veinticinco publicaciones y, después de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, 12 artículos relataban los principios activos medicamentosos utilizados para la analgesia en niños quemados. Los medicamentos más encontrados fueron paracetamol, morfina, ketamina, propofol, AINES y fentanil. Los profesionales de la salud deben reconocer el significado del dolor relacionado con los niños quemados y estar al día sobre las diversas opciones farmacológicas disponibles. Así, tener profundización sobre dosificación y vía de administración, así como el conocimiento con quemaduras pediátricas pueden romper barreras para beneficiar al paciente con el inicio precoz de la administración de analgésicos.

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OBJECTIVE: The amniotic membrane has biological properties that are beneficial to the wound healing process of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Our aim is to analyse the scientific evidence found in literature on the use of the amniotic membrane to stimulate DFU healing. METHOD: A systematic review of amniotic membrane's influence was undertaken, using the search terms 'placenta' 'diabetic foot' 'amnion' and biological dressing', assessing the outcomes 'wound healing' and 'wound healing time', in DFU. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomised controlled trials (RCT) were identified, and the risk of bias was analysed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We conducted a meta-analysis of the two outcomes to evaluate the level of evidence. RESULTS: We identified six clinical trials, with a total of 331 patients. The most common risks of bias in the studies were selection, attrition, and detection biases. From the meta-analysis, the difference of the intervention group (amnion) in relation to the control group was statistically significant. We found that wound healing in the group treated with amniotic membrane occurs 2.32 times more often and is 32 days faster in comparison with the group that used conventional dressings. CONCLUSION: There is no statistical evidence to support the effectiveness of amniotic membrane in comparison with other conventional dressings. However, there is a clear tendency for the use of amniotic membrane treatment to result in a larger number of DFUs healing at a quicker rate.

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Maintaining oral function in patients undergoing glossectomy boosts interventions such as prosthetic rehabilitation. However, current literature still fails in the presentation of results of prosthetic rehabilitation in relation to speech or swallowing. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of prosthetic rehabilitation on voice, speech, and swallowing in patients undergoing glossectomy by performing a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of individual cases. Studies were identified by relevant electronic database and included all dates available. The criteria used were sample with any n; resection due to malignant tumors, restricted to tongue and/or floor of mouth; type of prosthetic rehabilitation; and description of the oral functions outcomes with prosthesis. For the meta-analysis of individual data, associations between the variables of interest and the type of prosthesis were evaluated. Thirty-three of 471 articles met the selection criteria. Results on speech and/or voice and swallowing were reported in 27 and 28 articles, respectively. There were improvement of speech intelligibility and swallowing in 96 patients and in 73 patients, respectively, with prosthesis. Based on the available evidences, this article showed that prosthetic rehabilitation was able to improve oral functions and can be a strategy used with surgical reconstruction in selected cases.

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Introdução: Úlceras de origem venosas são lesóes cutâneas que geralmente acometem o terço inferior das pernas. O tratamento dessas feridas é dinâmico e depende da evolução das fases da reparação tecidual. Esse tratamento inclui métodos clínicos e cirúrgicos, sendo a terapia compressiva o método não cirúrgico mais frequentemente utilizado. Dentre as terapias compressivas, destacam-se as bandagens inelásticas e elásticas, meias elásticas e pressão pneumática intermitente. Objetivo: O presente estudo pretendeu identificar o perfil da produção científica nacional e internacional que descrevesse terapia compressiva e úlcera venosa classificando-o de acordo com: cronologia de publicação, procedência, periódicos em que estão publicadas, avaliação do "Qualis" - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), distribuição da abordagem metodológica, análise do conteúdo das publicaçóes e comparar, quando possível, os dados apresentados nessa revisão. Método: Estudo bibliométrico realizado nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e CINAHL no qual se utilizaram os descritores "Varicose Ulcer/therapy", "Compression Bandages", "Wound Healing" e o operador booleano AND entre os anos de 2009 a 2013. Resultados: Foram selecionados 47 artigos; a maioria publicada em 2012 (n = 12; 25,53%), nos Estados Unidos (n = 14; 29,78%) e Reino Unido (n = 14; 29,78%), em revistas de especialidade vascular (n = 19; 40,42%), com avaliaçóes A2 (n = 13; 27,65%) e B1 (n = 13; 27,65%). A maior parte da metodologia utilizada nos estudos selecionados era tipo "estudos clínicos" (n = 30; 63,82%). Dentre os estudos clínicos e metanálises, apenas 30% (n= 14) apresentavam como objetivo principal avaliação da terapia compressiva e pretenderam estudar comparativamente eficácia de bandagens elásticas, inelásticas, meias elásticas, pressão pneumática intermitente e ausência de terapia compressiva no tratamento de úlceras venosas. Conclusão: Há preocupação da comunidade científica com a busca do tratamento eficaz para as úlceras venosas, porém a distribuição mundial de publicaçóes é desigual. Evidenciou-se que a terapia compressiva não é o objeto principal na maioria dos trabalhos selecionados, o que leva ao interesse em terapias adjuvantes ou complementares a essa. Ficou evidente a necessidade da terapia compressiva, porém não há consenso sobre qual pressão deva ser utilizada para se obter melhores resultados na cicatrização; portanto, são necessários mais estudos que avaliem as interferências das diversas pressóes sobre o processo de reparo tecidual. Também há carência de estudos que comprovem a ação da pressão pneumática intermitente com associaçóes ou não de bandagens elásticas.

Introducción: úlceras de origen venosas son lesiones cutáneas que generalmente acometen el tercio inferior de las piernas. El tratamiento de estas heridas es dinámico y depende de la evolución de las fases de la reparación del tejido. Este tratamiento incluye métodos clínicos y quirúrgicos, y la terapia compresiva es el método no quirúrgico más utilizado. Entre las terapias compresivas, se destacan los vendajes inelásticos y elásticos, medias elásticas y presión neumática intermitente. Objetivo: este estudio buscó identificar el perfil de la producción científica nacional e internacional que describiera la terapia compresiva y la úlcera venosa para clasificarla de acuerdo con: cronología de publicación, procedencia, periódicos en que están publicadas, evaluación del "Qualis" - coordinación de perfeccionamiento de personal de nivel superior (Capes), distribución del abordaje metodológico, análisis del contenido de las publicaciones y comparar, cuando fuera posible, los datos presentados en esta revisión. Método: estudio bibliométrico realizado en las bases de datos Medline, Lilacs y CINAHL en el que se utilizaron los descriptores "Varicose Ulcer/therapy", "Compression Bandages", "Wound Healing" y el operador booleano AND entre los años de 2009 a 2013. Resultados: se seleccionaron 47 artículos; la mayoría de ellos publicados en 2012 (n = 12; 25,53%), en Estados Unidos (n = 14; 29,78%) y Reino Unido (n = 14; 29,78%), en revistas de especialidad vascular (n = 19; 40,42%), con evaluaciones A2 (n = 13; 27,65%) y B1 (n = 13; 27,65%). La parte más grande de la metodología utilizada en los estudios seleccionados fue tipo "estudios clínicos" (n= 30; 63,82%). Entre los estudios clínicos y metanálisis, apenas 30% (n= 14) presentaban como objetivo principal evaluación de la terapia compresiva y estudiaban comparativamente eficacia de vendajes elásticos, inelásticos, medias elásticas, presión neumática intermitente y ausencia de terapia compresiva en el tratamiento de úlceras venosas. Conclusión: hay preocupación de la comunidad científica sobre la búsqueda del tratamiento eficaz para las úlceras venosas; sin embargo, la distribución mundial de publicaciones es desigual. Se evidenció que la terapia compresiva no es el objeto principal en la mayoría de los trabajos seleccionados, lo que lleva al interés en terapias adyuvantes o complementarias a esta. Quedó evidente la necesidad de la terapia compresiva, pero no hay consenso sobre cuál presión deba ser utilizada para obtener mejores resultados en la cicatrización; por lo tanto, son necesarios más estudios que evalúen las interferencias de las diversas presiones sobre el proceso de reparación del tejido. También hay carencia de estudios que comprueben la acción de la presión neumática intermitente con asociaciones o no de vendajes elásticos.

Introduction: Venous ulcers are skin lesions, which usually affect the lower third of the legs. The treatment of these wounds is dynamic and depends on the tissue repair process. Clinical and surgical procedures are included among those therapies, and the therapeutic compressive most often used non-surgical method. Inelastic and elastic bandages, elastic stockings and intermittent pneumatic pressure are the most common compressive therapy used. Objective: This study aimed to identify the national and international scientific literature profile describing compression therapy and venous ulcers and classify that profile according to: chronology of publication, country, periodicals that are published review of 'Qualis' - CAPES, distribution of the methodological approach, analysis of the publications content and compare, where possible, the data presented. Method: bibliometric study conducted in the Medline, Lilacs and CINAHL databases using the keywords "Varicose Ulcer / therapy", "Compression Bandages", "Wound Healing" and boleyn word AND between the years 2009-2013. Results: 47 articles were selected, the major part was published in 2012 (n = 12, 25.53 %), the United States (n = 14, 29.78 %) and the United Kingdom (n = 14, 29.78%), in vascular surgery specialized magazines (n = 19, 40.42%), Qualis A2 (n = 13, 27.65 %) and B1 (n = 13, 27.65 %). Much of the methodology used in the selected studies was "clinical studies" type (n = 30, 63.82 %). Only 30 % ( n = 14 ) had as main objective assessment of compressive therapy and intended study compared the effectiveness of elastic bandages, inelastic, elastic stockings , intermittent pneumatic pressure and absence compression therapy for the treatment of venous ulcers. Conclusions: There is a concern, in the scientific community, about the research for effective treatment for venous ulcers. However, the worldwide distribution of publications is uneven. It was evident that compression therapy is ...

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Fundamento: A prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) tem apresentado valores significantes na adolescência, principalmente quando associada a outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Objetivos: O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo preventivo e epidemiológico de HA associada a fatores de risco, como dislipidemias, diabetes e obesidade, em escolares da rede pública, com faixa etária de 14 a 17 anos, no Colégio Estadual DomPedroII, em Umuarama ­ Paraná. Material e métodos:Foram avaliados 150 adolescentes, submetidos a dosagens bioquímicas de colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TGC), glicose e exames físicos, como pressão arterial (PA) e índice de massa corpórea (IMC). Resultados:Osresultados das análisesdemonstraram uma prevalência de HA neste grupo estudado de 6,7%. Dos indivíduos com IMC elevado, 4 apresentaram associada a PA alterada, representando 21,1%. Em relação ao perfil lipídico alterado, 3 (18,8%) apresentaram CT e PA alterados, e 4 (17,4%) demonstraram TGC e PA elevados. Dos indivíduos com hiperglicemia, 2 (66,7%) também apresentaram PA alterada. Conclusão:Concluiu-se que é de extrema importância e necessidade a criação de medidas preventivas e profiláticas, proporcionando uma vida mais saudável, a fim de evitar que adolescentes da atualidade se tornem adultos hipertensos

Background: The prevalence of hypertension blood has made significant values in adolescence, especially when associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: The present study aimed to perform an epidemiological prevention study of hypertension blood associated with risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes and obesity, among public school pupils, aged from 14 to 17 years in Colégio Estadual Dom Pedro II, in Umuarama­ Paraná. Materials and methods:Weevaluated 150adolescents who underwent biochemical levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGC), glucose and physical examinations, such as blood pressure (PA) andbody mass index (BMI). Results: The results showed a prevalence of hypertension blood in this study group of 6.7%. Of those individuals with high BMI, 4 were associated with elevated blood pressure, representing 21.1%. In relation to the altered lipid profile, 3 (18.8%) had altered blood pressure and TC, and 4 (17.4%) showed elevated GCT and blood pressure. Among individuals with hyperglycemia, 2 (66.7%) also had abnormal blood pressure. Conclusion:Itwas concluded that it is extremely important and necessary to develop preventive and prophylactic measures, in orderto prevent teenagers becoming, hypertensive adults, providing a healthier life.

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Introdução: O câncer de esôfago cervical em estádio avançadopode incluir como conduta terapêutica a remoção cirúrgica dafaringe, laringe e esôfago. A reabilitação vocal teoricamentemais indicada para estes casos seria a Laringe Eletrônica. Noentanto, pode haver outra forma de reabilitação vocal para essespacientes, devido à neuroplasticidade funcional que possibilitaao organismo uma nova adaptação para as funções vocais e/ou fala. Objetivo: Apresentar o caso de um paciente submetidoà faringolaringoesofagectomia total com reconstrução gástricaque desenvolveu voz estomacal como forma de comunicaçãooral. Relato de caso: Participou deste estudo um indivíduodo sexo masculino, raça negra, 43 anos, que foi submetido àpelveglossectomia parcial devido carcinoma espinocelular depelve lingual (T3 N0 M0) em 2007 e faringolaringoesofagectomiapor carcinoma epidermóide no esôfago cervical (T2 N0 M0) comreconstrução com tubo gástrico em 2009. Foi encaminhadopara o serviço de fonoaudiologia sendo reabilitado quanto àcomunicação oral por meio de exercícios para o desenvolvimentoda voz gástrica, adquirida após 2 meses de treinamento.Atualmente o paciente apresenta inteligibilidade e fluência de falaadequadas. Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou que é possívela reabilitação vocal por meio da voz gástrica como alternativade comunicação oral em um paciente submetido às ressecçõesassociadas de esôfago, faringe e laringe.

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OBJECTIVE: To expand norms for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) for the Brazilian middle-age and elderly populations. METHODS: The DRS was administered to 502 individuals without cognitive deficits, 312 women and 190 men, aged 50 years or over and with educational level ranging from 0 to 13 years or more. The sample was composed of subjects who participated in other studies, from Caeté (Minas Gerais state), Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo state) and São Paulo (São Paulo state). Participants were divided into four schooling groups (illiterate, 1 to 4 years, 5 to 12 years and 13 years or more). The subjects were divided into four groups according to age (50 to 60, 61 to 70, 71 to 80, and 80 years or over). RESULTS: Normative data for DRS scores are expressed as percentile values. The group with lowest schooling and subjects older than 80 years had the worst scores. CONCLUSION: As expected, age and education were strongly correlated with DRS scores. Illiterates and older old individuals performed worse than the other groups. These data might help to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia in Brazilian middle-age and elderly populations.

OBJETIVO: Expandir normas para o Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) na população brasileira de meia idade e idosa. MÉTODOS: A MDRS foi aplicada em 502 indivíduos, 312 mulheres e 190 homens, com idade de 50 anos ou mais e escolaridade de 0 a 13 anos ou mais anos. A amostra foi composta de sujeitos que participaram de outros estudos: Caeté (Minas Gerais), Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo) e São Paulo (São Paulo). Participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos de escolaridade (analfabetos, 1 a 4 anos, 5 a 12 anos e 13 anos ou mais). Os sujeitos foram divididos em quatro grupos de idade (50 a 60, 61 a 70, 71 a 80 e acima de 80 anos). RESULTADOS: Dados normativos dos escores da MDRS são apresentados em percentis. O grupo com menos escolaridade e sujeitos acima de 80 anos apresentaram escores mais baixos. CONCLUSÃO: Como esperado, idade e escolaridade foram fortemente correlacionados aos escores da MDRS. Analfabetos e indivíduos muito idosos apresentaram pior desempenho que os outros grupos. Os dados podem ajudar a melhorar a acurácia para o diagnóstico de prejuízo cognitivo e demência na população brasileira de meia-idade e idosos.

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INTRODUCTION: Chronic renal failure has alarming incidence all over the world in this century. Among the modalities of dialytic treatment, peritoneal dialysis has a major spot. This method of dialytic treatment may present complications, and among those is peritoneal fibrosis. It occurs in patients submitted to peritoneal dialysis along years. It's most dangerous form is sclerosing encapsulant peritonitis, wich leads to a need of change in modality and many times lead to death. OBJECTIVE: Study the influence of using captopril on the peritoneal fibrosis induced in rats using solution with glucoses 4.25%. METHODS: Prospective controlled study in 20 non-uremic Wistar rats. The animals received a peritoneal infusion of 10 ml/100g of peritoneal dialysis solution glucose 4.25% on a daily basis. The animals were divided in two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group received captopril 30 mg/kg/d, by a gastric tube. The control group did not receive any drug. The follow-up was 21 and 49 days. At the end, one surgical procedure was performed to get histological samples of visceral and parietal peritoneum. The samples were analyzed using Hematoxylin Eosin and Sirius Red, to evaluate the severity of the fibrosis. RESULTS: The analysis showed that the intensity of the fibrosis, the peritoneal thickness and the cell number in experimental and control groups were not statistically significant different in experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that captopril do not decrease the intensity of fibrosis on the peritoneal membrane that happens on rats on peritoneal dialysis.

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The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted organism associated with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer, the second main cause of malignancy in women worldwide. The virus itself, however, is not enough to cause lesions on the cervix. Several studies suggest that some polymorphic sites changes the cytokines levels and influence the cancer development in HPV infected patients. In this study, we evaluated the presence of functional polymorphisms at +874 (T/A) IFNG and +1188 (A/C) IL-12B genes in cervical smears samples from 76 healthy women and 162 women, HPV positive, with CIN lesion--CIN I (45), CIN II (55), CIN III (53) and cervical cancer (9)--in Brazilian population. There was no significant differences in genotype (p = 0.4192) and allele (p = 0.370; OR = 1.20) distributions between CIN patients and control groups on IFNG allelic polymorphism. Moreover, for IL-12B gene, there was a significant difference in genotype (p = 0.015) and allele distribution (p = 0.014; OR = 0.5754) between the groups. When samples were stratified according to grade of cervical lesion, the AA genotype and A allele were less frequent in the group with low-grade cervical lesions than in group with high-grade cervical lesions (p = 0.0036 and p = 0.0010; OR = 0.3819, respectively), suggesting that the C allele (mutant) may protect against the emergence of CIN lesions and its progression.

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PURPOSE: A review of the literature reveals a lack of consensus regarding local management of skin graft donor sites. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of 3 different dressings on healing of donor sites and patient discomfort related to donor sites. DESIGN: This study is a comparison cohort study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: We recruited 34 burn patients scheduled for partial-thickness skin grafts; their mean age was 36 ± 18 years (mean ± SD, range 20 to 54 years), and 63% were male. All subjects were managed at Burn Unity Care, located in Sao Paulo, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups: (1) a study group (group A) whose donor sites were dressed with a bovine collagen calcium-alginate dressing covered with transparent polyurethane film; (2) a second intervention group (group B), whose donor sites were dressed only with transparent polyurethane film dressing; and (3) a control group whose donor sites were dressed with rayon soaked in 0.9% saline (group C). Two independent observers assessed donor site wounds for epithelialization, scabbing, quantity and characteristics of exudate, and complications. Pain was measured using the visual analog scale, the brief pain inventory, and Index of Pain Management. RESULTS: Subjects managed with the bovine collagen calcium-alginate dressing covered with transparent polyurethane film (group A) achieved the greatest epithelialization (6.3 vs 8.2 for thin film dressing only P < .02 and 6.3 vs 11.7 days for control group P < .01). Patients managed with the bovine collagen calcium-alginate dressing covered with transparent polyurethane film also reported less pain that subjects allocated to the control (group C) or thin film only group (group B), (P < .05). Ninety percent of subjects allocated to the calcium alginate covered with thin film dressing reported mild pain intensity on the Visual Analog Scale, 85% of did not report pain localized to the donor site on the brief pain inventory, and scores on the Index of Pain Management ranged from 23 to 11. CONCLUSION: Study findings suggest that use of a collagen calcium-alginate dressing with a transparent film covering reduces the time for complete epithelialization and may reduce pain related to skin graft donor sites.

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Sickle-cell disease is the most prevalent genetic disease in the Brazilian population. Lower limb ulcers are the most frequent cutaneous complications, affecting 8% to 10% of the patients. These ulcers are usually deep and may take many years to heal. Evidence about the effectiveness of systemic or topical treatment of these wounds is limited, apart from stabilization of the anemia. A 28-year old woman with sickle-cell disease was admitted for treatment of three deep chronic lower leg ulcers. All wounds had tendon exposure and contained firmly adherent fibrin slough. Following surgical debridement and before grafting, the wounds were managed with three different dressings: a rayon and normal saline solution dressing, a calcium alginate dressing covered with gauze, and negative pressure therapy. All three wounds healed successfully and their grafts showed complete integration; only the rayon-dressed wound required a second debridement. The alginate and rayon-dressed wounds recurred after 9 months and required additional skin grafts. Helpful research on managing ulcers in patients with sickle-cell disease is minimal, but the results of this case study suggest that topical treatment modalities may affect outcomes. Research to explore the safety and effectiveness of NPT in patients with sickle-cell wounds is warranted.

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Los errores de medicación son nuo de los indicadores de calidad de salud prestada a los pacientes hospitalizados. El objeto de este estudio fue analizar las situaciones que condujeron a los profesionales de enfermería a cometer errores en la administración de medicamentos con base en sus propios relatos. el lugar de estudio fue un hospital en le interior del Estado de Sao Paulo. Fueron entrevistados siete enfermeros, un técnico de enfermería y veintitrés auxiliares de enfermería. El referencial metodológico adoptado fue una adaptación de la técnica del incidente crítico. Del análisis de los relatos fueron identificadas 56 situaciones agrupadas en cuatro categorías: 1) falla en el cumplimiento de políticas y procedimientos; 2) falla en el sistema de distribución y preparación de los medicamentos por parte de la farmacia; 3) falla en la comunicación y 4) falla en el conocimiento. Ofrecer un ambiente seguro con disponibilidad de recursos humanos y físicos se hace necesario para la prevención de futuros errores de medicación, así como también la inversión en capacitación sobre administración de medicamentos para los profesionales de enfermería.

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The purpose of this study was to analyzed the consequences for the patients and professionals involved in medication. The author adopted as the methodological reference the Critical Incident Technique modificated. The study was developed at a University Hospital at the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews with 7 nurses, 4 nursing technicians and 23nursing auxillaries. The analysis enabled the identification consequences for the patient and consequences for the professional involved.

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