RESUMO
The study aimed to carry out a comparative analysis between the lip print patterns in individuals with Down Syndrome and their nonsyndromic biological siblings. This was a cross-sectional blind study using an inductive approach and extensive direct observation procedures. A total of 68 cheiloscopic charts, named cheilograms, were divided into two groups (n=34), as follows: G1, including Down Syndrome individuals; and G2, including their nonsyndromic siblinggs. The convenience sample was selected in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. The following features were evaluated in eight labial regions called sub-quadrants: oral commissures (downturned, horizontal and upturned); lip thickness (thin, medium, thick and mixed); and labial grooves (I - complete vertical; I '- incomplete vertical; II - bifurcated; III - criss-cross; IV - reticular; or V - undefined). The data were analyzed by paired Student's t test and McNemar's Chi-square, with a 5% significance level. Most Down Syndrome individuals were found to have downturned oral commissures in 73.5% of cases, while their siblings showed a predominance of horizontal commissures in 73.5% of cases (p=0.009). There was no statistically significant difference for lip thickness between groups. In the analysis of labial groove patterns, Down Syndrome individuals (G1) showed a significant prevalence of the type I pattern (52.2%) as compared to their nonsyndromic siblings (30.1%) (p =< 0.001). Due to the tendency of having vertical labial groove patterns and downturned commissures, Down Syndrome individuals present cheiloscopic differences in relation to their nonsyndromic biological siblings, which suggests that syndromic genetics influences the development of these features. However, this may imply in a reduced potential of cheiloscopic identification due to the low divergence of labial phenotypes among Down Syndrome individuals.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Down , Irmãos , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , LábioRESUMO
The arterious venous oxygen difference (AVDO2) due to the close relationship with cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and cerebral blood flow shows metabolic alterations that occur in some pathological situations in the brain including subarachnoid haemorrhage. The AVDO2 was calculated by the Fick equation and the results evaluated by the Glasgow outcome scale. Measurements of arteriojugular oxygen difference were carried out in 30 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to rupture of intracranial aneurysms, as an attempt to monitor the relationship between changes in AVDO2, clinical picture, and evolution of the patients. The subarachnoid haemorrhage was diagnosed by CT scan in 17 patients and by lumbar punction in 13 and the diagnosis of arterial vasospasm was carried out by clinical evaluation and confirmed by four vessels angiogram in only eight patients. Eighteen patients were admitted with Hunt & Hess (H&H) I/II, seven with H&H III and five with H&H IV/V. Nineteen patients had AVDO2 normal and this group had three deaths; five patients had AVDO2 continuously low with three deaths; and six patients had AVDO2 continuously high with two deaths. The patients with normal AVDO2 had better prognosis and clinical evolution than the patients with abnormal values of AVDO2. In conclusion, AVDO2 measurements could not be correlated with the diagnosis of vasospasm, but was useful in the early identification of metabolic changes that occur after subarachnoid haemorrhage and could be used as an supplementary monitoring in the clinical evaluation of patients with this pathology.