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INTRODUCTION: The nose and throat are areas of high viral load, which could place otolaryngologists at an even higher risk for COVID-19 than other health-care workers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in otorhinolaryngologists in southern Brazil, its relationship to demographic data, professional practice and reported symptoms of COVID-19, and compare it with official data on other health-care workers of the state and the general population in the same period. METHODS: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, otolaryngologists actively practicing officially registered in Rio Grande do Sul were screened for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from August 1 to September 15, 2020. A questionnaire was also applied. RESULTS: We screened 358 (80.1%) of 447 actively practicing otolaryngologists (195 [54.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 47.77 [13.57] years; range, 26-84 years). Twenty-three were positive for IgM and/or IgG (6.4%). This result was significantly associated with reports of infected household contacts (19/315 negatives and 8/23 positives; p < 0.001). From 23 seropositive participants, 14 were asymptomatic (60.9%; p < 0.001). There were no significant associations between seroconversion and age, sex, number of patient appointments and surgical procedures, workplace (hospital or private practice), patients with or without respiratory symptoms, or level of personal protective equipment used. The rate of COVID-19 in all health-care workers in the state was 7.69% at the end of the same period. Data from state government seroprevalence was 5.26 (risk ratio [RR]; 95% CI 3.27-8.45) and 4.66 (RR; 95% CI 2.93-7.43) times higher in otolaryngologists than in the general population in August and September, respectively. CONCLUSION: Otolaryngologists had a higher seroconversion rate than the general population. Using personal protective equipment, the level of occupational exposure did not result in higher rates of infection than other health-care workers, but the presence of infected household contacts was associated with higher rates of seroconversion.

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INTRODUCTION: Fungal ball of the sinuses is a not invasive infection that if characterizes for its chronicity, being the majority related with previous endodontic treatment. Affect mainly the breasts to maxillary; even so all the breasts can be involved. The main etiological agent is the Aspergillus spp. The computed tomography, had to characteristic the radiological presentations, suggests the diagnosis that is carried through definitively through histopathological analyses. The treatment standard-gold is the sinus surgery with average meatal antrostomy. OBJECTIVE: Reporting two cases of fungal ball of the sinuses and to stand out important aspects of this pathology. Story of the Cases: Case 1) Patient of the feminine sex, 78 years old, presented itself with complaints of face pain has 6 months and previous history of endodontic treatment. To the physical examination it was evidenced purulent secretion presence in left average meatus. Ray X presented complete veiling of the breasts to maxillary left, while the computed tomography showed injury calcified in this place. Sinusotomy was become fulfilled that evolved well. Case 2) Patient of the feminine sex, 70 years old, looked attendance for history of sinusitis of repetition. To the physical examination no particularity was not perceived. The computed tomography, as well as the magnetic resonance, detected thickening of the mucous wall of the breasts to maxillary left, beyond a calcified mass. It was become fulfilled same sequence of treatment and the patient also evolved well. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The fungal infection must be considered in the patients who if present with chronic sinusitis, that they do not answer to the antibiotic use and that they possess history of endodontic manipulation.

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Sinusite é uma doença frequentemente diagnosticada na prática médica, e seu tratamento é realizado através de antibióticos. O excesso de diagnóstico e da antibioticoterapia sem indicaçäo ou sem critérios têm contribuído para o aumento da resistência bacteriana. Com o objetivo de verificar a indicaçäo imprópria de drogas nas "consultas farmacêuticas", realizaram-se visitas a 45 farmácias de Caxias do Sul, queixando-se de sintomas de sinusite aguda. Das farmácias consultadas, somente 17,8 por cento sugeriram consulta com um especialista, exclusivamente, enquanto que 44,4 por cento delas indicaram o uso de antibióticos e 37,8 por cento indicaram antiinflamatórios, descongestionantes tópicos e sistêmicos e consulta médica caso näo fosse obtida melhora. Os autores revisaram aspectos no tratamento e complicaçöes das sinusites, a fim de comparar a medicaçäo prescrita com a preconizada na literatura. Salientam também aspectos da resistência bacteriana, resultantes do uso indiscriminado de antibióticos nessas patologias.

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Os autores apresentam uma revisäo da literatura sobre síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono e ronco, através de uma breve descriçäo de sua fisiopatologia e suas possíveis complicaçöes. Além de enfocar os principais aspectos clínicos e métodos doagnósticos, esta pesquisa tem, ainda, como objetivo estabelecer, através de evidências científicas, os principais resultados e indicaçöes do tratamento clínico e cirúrgico dessas patologias.

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Os autores fazem uma análise da validade do método de punçao aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) no diagnóstico diferencial das lesoes das glândulas salivares através da revisao dos resultados publicados na literatura.

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O propósito desta revisao é o de estabelecer critérios de atualizaçao a respeito da Miocardiopatia Hipertrófica (MH), tema ainda bastante controvertido. As questoes polêmicas envolvem sua etiopatogenia, fisiopatologia, bem como a própria conduta terapêutica. Tratando-se de uma enfermidade grave, ressalta-se ainda mais a sua importância pelo fato de determinar morte súbita num apreciável número de casos.

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