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Objective: To describe cases of parafoveal chondral lesion of the femoral head in patients with femoroacetabular impingement, correlating the clinical and imaging data. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive case series of parafoveal chondral lesion of the femoral head in 21 patients who underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance arthrography scans of the hip, having then received an imaging-based diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement. Results: Of the 21 patients evaluated, 15 (71%) had cam-type femoroacetabular impingement, whereas five (24%) had mixed-type impingement, and one (5%) had pincer-type impingement. Twelve patients (57%) had a low frequency of physical activity, which was significantly associated with the presence of cam-type impingement (p = 0.015). Although the extent of the lesion correlated significantly with the acetabular coverage angle (p = 0.04), it did not correlate significantly with the alpha angle or femoral head-neck offset value (p = 0.08 and p = 0.06, respectively). We also found no correlation between the extent of the lesion and the other main parameters that define the femoroacetabular impingement types. Conclusion: This was one of the largest case series of parafoveal chondral lesion of the femoral head in patients with imaging findings of femoroacetabular impingement. The extent of such lesions does not appear to correlate with the parameters of femoroacetabular impingement, with the exception of the acetabular coverage angle.
Objetivo: Descrever casos de lesão condral parafoveal da cabeça femoral em pacientes com impacto femoroacetabular, correlacionando dados clínicos e de imagem. Materiais e Métodos: Esta foi uma série de casos descritiva retrospectiva de lesão condral parafoveal da cabeça femoral em 21 pacientes submetidos a tomografia computadorizada e artrorressonância magnética do quadril e que receberam diagnóstico por imagem de impacto femoroacetabular. Resultados: Dos 21 pacientes avaliados, 15 (71%) tiveram impacto femoroacetabular do tipo cam, enquanto cinco (24%) tiveram impacto do tipo misto e um (5%) teve impacto do tipo pincer. Doze pacientes (57%) apresentaram baixa frequência de atividade física, sendo esta significativamente associada a impacto do tipo cam (p = 0,015). Houve correlação significativa entre a extensão da lesão e o ângulo de cobertura acetabular (p = 0,04), porém, não se correlacionou significativamente com o ângulo alfa ou com o valor do deslocamento cabeça-colo femoral (p = 0,08 e p = 0,06, respectivamente). Também não encontramos correlação entre a extensão da lesão e os outros principais parâmetros que definem os tipos de impacto femoroacetabular. Conclusão: Esta foi uma das maiores casuísticas de lesão condral parafoveal da cabeça femoral em pacientes com achados de imagem de impacto femoroacetabular. A extensão dessas lesões não parece se correlacionar com os parâmetros do impacto femoroacetabular, com exceção do ângulo de cobertura acetabular.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to understand interconnected influences on adolescents' intended pregnancy based on particularities of the affective-relational sphere with partners. Method: this is a qualitative-interpretive study, carried out with 16 pregnant adolescents living in a neighborhood with a low socioeconomic level in a capital in the center-west of Brazil. Data were collected in 2019 through in-depth interviews, with complementary use of self-portrait, relational map and photo-elicitation resources, subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: adolescents' intention-action towards becoming pregnant was based on status assessment and romantic relationship quality with their partners in terms of marriage/union, bond-commitment, partnership-financial protection and good interaction-love. They expressed needs for emotional bonding and material security, psychological particularities of their stage of development, in addition to social representations built on the conjugal and loving relationship and being a man and a woman in the family. Connectedly, it reflected on social conditions and family relationships experienced as well as absorptions of the cultural ideal of romantic and gender love. Conclusion: in adolescents' reproductive health, it is essential to consider the affective influences on being pregnant, without detaching them from their social and family insertions as well as their ways of exercising agency over their affective-sexual trajectories.
RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender influencias interconectadas sobre la intención de embarazo de adolescentes a partir de particularidades del ámbito afectivo-relacional con la pareja. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo-interpretativo, realizado con 16 adolescentes embarazadas que viven en un barrio de bajo nivel socioeconómico, en una capital del centro-oeste de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en 2019 a través de entrevistas en profundidad, con uso complementario de recursos de autorretrato, mapa relacional y fotoecitación, sometidos a análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: la intención-acción de las adolescentes para quedar embarazada se basó en la evaluación del estado y la calidad de la relación sentimental con sus parejas en términos de matrimonio/unión, vínculo-compromiso, sociedad-protección financiera y buena interacción-amor. Estos expresaron necesidades de vinculación afectiva y seguridad material que vivieron, particularidades psíquicas de su etapa de desarrollo, además de representaciones sociales construidas sobre la relación conyugal, amorosa y el ser hombre y mujer en la familia. De manera relacionada, reflexionaron sobre las condiciones sociales y las relaciones familiares vividas, así como sobre la absorción del ideal cultural del amor romántico y de género. Conclusión: en la salud reproductiva de las adolescentes, es fundamental considerar las influencias afectivas sobre el embarazo, sin desvincularlas de sus inserciones sociales y familiares, así como de sus formas de ejercer la agencia en sus trayectorias afectivo-sexuales.
RESUMO Objetivo: compreender influências interconexas no engravidar intencionado de adolescentes a partir de particularidades da esfera afetivo-relacional com o parceiro. Método: estudo qualitativo-interpretativo, realizado com 16 adolescentes grávidas residentes em um bairro de baixo nível socioeconômico, em uma capital do centro-oeste brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados em 2019 mediante entrevistas em profundidade, com uso complementar dos recursos autorretrato, mapa relacional e foto-elicitação, submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: a intenção-ação das adolescentes voltada ao engravidar sustentou-se na apreciação do status e da qualidade da relação amorosa com o parceiro quanto aos aspectos casamento/união, vínculo-compromisso, parceria-proteção financeira e boa interação-amor. Estas exprimiram necessidades de vínculo afetivo e de segurança material por elas vividas, particularidades psíquicas da sua fase de desenvolvimento, além de representações sociais construídas sobre a relação conjugal, amorosa e do ser homem e mulher na família. De forma conexa refletiram sobre condições sociais e relações em família vividas, além de absorções do ideal cultural do amor romântico e de gênero. Conclusão: na saúde reprodutiva de adolescentes, é indispensável considerar as influências afetivas no engravidar, sem descolá-las das inserções sociais e em família daquelas, bem como dos seus modos de exercer a agência de suas trajetórias afetivo-sexuais.
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RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a experiência do uso da simulação em saúde no ensino de graduação em Enfermagem na situação de Hemorragia Pós-Parto. Método: estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, sobre a aplicação da simulação em saúde no ensino em Enfermagem com base na estratégia - Zero Morte Materna por Hemorragia Pós-Parto (0MMxH) da OPAS/OMS. A simulação foi realizada no primeiro semestre de 2020, com 15 discentes da Disciplina Sexualidade e Reprodução Humana, ministrada no sexto período do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem de uma Universidade Federal do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Resultados: o uso da simulação em saúde nesta experiência possibilitou a participação dos alunos de graduação em enfermagem em um cenário de hemorragia pós-parto, promovendo o desenvolvimento profissional por meio de vivência na prática clínica. Conclusão: a inserção de simulação em saúde no ensino promove o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades importantes para a prática assistencial da enfermagem no contexto do cuidado às mulheres com quadros de hemorragia pós-parto.
RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la experiencia del uso de la simulación en salud en la enseñanza de pregrado en Enfermería en la situación de Hemorragia Postparto. Método: estudio descriptivo, del tipo relato de experiencia, sobre la aplicación de la simulación en salud en la enseñanza en Enfermería con base en la estrategia - Cero Muerte Materna por Hemorragia Postparto (0MMxH) de la OPAS/OMS. La simulación fue realizada en el primer semestre de 2020, con 15 estudiantes de la Asignatura Sexualidad y Reproducción Humana, ministrada en el sexto período del Curso de Pregrado en Enfermería de una Universidad Federal del Centro-Oeste brasileño. Resultados: el uso de la simulación en salud en esta experiencia posibilitó la participación de los alumnos de pregrado en enfermería en un escenario de hemorragia postparto, promoviendo el desarrollo profesional por medio de vivencia en la práctica clínica. Conclusión: la inserción de simulación en salud en la enseñanza promueve el desarrollo de competencias y habilidades importantes para la práctica asistencial de la enfermería en el contexto del cuidado a las mujeres en caso de hemorragia posparto.
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the experience of using health simulation in undergraduate nursing education in the situation of postpartum hemorrhage. Method: descriptive study of the type experience report on the application of health simulation in nursing education based on the strategy - Zero Maternal Death due to Postpartum Hemorrhage (0MDxH) of PAHO/WHO. The simulation was carried out in the first half of 2020, with 15 students from the Sexuality and Human Reproduction Discipline, taught in the sixth semester of the Undergraduate Course of Nursing at a Federal University of the Midwest of Brazil. Results: the use of health simulation in this experience enabled the participation of undergraduate nursing students in a postpartum hemorrhage scenario, promoting professional development through experience in clinical practice. Conclusion: the inclusion of health simulation in teaching promotes the development of important skills for nursing care practice in the context of care for women with postpartum hemorrhage.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Docentes , Enfermeiras e EnfermeirosRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To describe cases of parafoveal chondral lesion of the femoral head in patients with femoroacetabular impingement, correlating the clinical and imaging data. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive case series of parafoveal chondral lesion of the femoral head in 21 patients who underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance arthrography scans of the hip, having then received an imaging-based diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement. Results: Of the 21 patients evaluated, 15 (71%) had cam-type femoroacetabular impingement, whereas five (24%) had mixed-type impingement, and one (5%) had pincer-type impingement. Twelve patients (57%) had a low frequency of physical activity, which was significantly associated with the presence of cam-type impingement (p = 0.015). Although the extent of the lesion correlated significantly with the acetabular coverage angle (p = 0.04), it did not correlate significantly with the alpha angle or femoral head-neck offset value (p = 0.08 and p = 0.06, respectively). We also found no correlation between the extent of the lesion and the other main parameters that define the femoroacetabular impingement types. Conclusion: This was one of the largest case series of parafoveal chondral lesion of the femoral head in patients with imaging findings of femoroacetabular impingement. The extent of such lesions does not appear to correlate with the parameters of femoroacetabular impingement, with the exception of the acetabular coverage angle.
Resumo Objetivo: Descrever casos de lesão condral parafoveal da cabeça femoral em pacientes com impacto femoroacetabular, correlacionando dados clínicos e de imagem. Materiais e Métodos: Esta foi uma série de casos descritiva retrospectiva de lesão condral parafoveal da cabeça femoral em 21 pacientes submetidos a tomografia computadorizada e artrorressonância magnética do quadril e que receberam diagnóstico por imagem de impacto femoroacetabular. Resultados: Dos 21 pacientes avaliados, 15 (71%) tiveram impacto femoroacetabular do tipo cam, enquanto cinco (24%) tiveram impacto do tipo misto e um (5%) teve impacto do tipo pincer. Doze pacientes (57%) apresentaram baixa frequência de atividade física, sendo esta significativamente associada a impacto do tipo cam (p = 0,015). Houve correlação significativa entre a extensão da lesão e o ângulo de cobertura acetabular (p = 0,04), porém, não se correlacionou significativamente com o ângulo alfa ou com o valor do deslocamento cabeça-colo femoral (p = 0,08 e p = 0,06, respectivamente). Também não encontramos correlação entre a extensão da lesão e os outros principais parâmetros que definem os tipos de impacto femoroacetabular. Conclusão: Esta foi uma das maiores casuísticas de lesão condral parafoveal da cabeça femoral em pacientes com achados de imagem de impacto femoroacetabular. A extensão dessas lesões não parece se correlacionar com os parâmetros do impacto femoroacetabular, com exceção do ângulo de cobertura acetabular.
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The rapid and disorderly urbanization in the Amazon has resulted in the insertion of forest fragments into cities, causing the circulation of arboviruses, which can involve hematophagous arthropods and free-ranging birds in the transmission cycles in urban environments. This study aimed to evaluate the circulation of arboviruses in free-ranging birds and hematophagous arthropods captured in an Environmental Protection Area in the Belem metropolitan area, Brazil. Birds were captured using mist nets, and hematophagous arthropods were collected using a human protected attraction technique and light traps. The birds' sera were subjected to a hemagglutination inhibition test to detect antibodies against 29 arbovirus antigens. Arthropod macerates were inoculated into C6/36 and VERO cell cultures to attempt viral isolation and were tested using indirect immunofluorescence, subsequent genetic sequencing and submitted for phylogenetic analysis. Four bird sera were positive for arbovirus, and one batch of Psorophora ferox was positive for Flavivirus on viral isolation and indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, the Ilheus virus was detected in the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The presence of antibodies in sera from free-ranging birds and the isolation of Ilheus virus in Psorophora ferox indicate the circulation of arboviruses in forest remnants in the urban center of Belem.
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Infecções por Arbovirus , Arbovírus , Artrópodes , Culicidae , Animais , Humanos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Nematóceros , Filogenia , Aves , Florestas , Ecossistema , Infecções por Arbovirus/veterináriaRESUMO
Host plant selection by herbivores is driven by a complex array of cues, including leaf traits and previous leaf damage. Herbivore-associated cues to host selection at the plant and leaf scale aid understanding of mechanisms responsible for host preference that might translate into increased performance, as well as processes structuring herbivore populations mediated by interactions. We investigated how changes induced by a galling insect in the tropical fern Cyathea phalerata act as repellent or attractant cues for sawfly feeding and the effects of leaf size on herbivory levels. We recorded gall abundance, damage by chewers, leaf size, plant nutritional quality, phenolic concentration and leaf anatomical traits between galled and non-galled leaf samples. Galled samples contained less N, higher levels of phenolics and higher C/N ratio. However, leaf-chewing damage did not differ between galled and non-galled leaves. The gall structure was avoided by chewers, as it had high concentrations of phenolics, lignification and suberization. Larger leaves sustained higher gall abundance, but leaf size did not have a significant effect on chewer damage. A co-occurrence index calculated for both guilds indicated that galls and chewers exhibited a distribution that did not differ from random, reinforcing that the two guilds on C. phalerata do not show patterns of repulsion such as those maintained by interspecific competition. Sawflies dismissing chemical cues indicate that the increase in phenolics caused by galling insects does not generate increased protection of the galled pinnules. Our results highlight ferns as key resources for herbivores and as a potential plant group to study new research avenues on plant-insect interactions.
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Gleiquênias , Animais , Herbivoria , Insetos , Fenótipo , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-human primates contribute to the spread of the yellow fever virus (YFV) and the establishment of transmission cycles in endemic areas. OBJECTIVE: To describe the severe histopathological aspects of YFV infection, 10 squirrel monkeys were infected with YFV and blood, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, lymph node and stomach were collected at 1-7, 10, 20 and 30 days post-infection (dpi). METHODS: Histopathological analysis and detection of the genome and viral antigens and neutralising antibodies were performed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and neutralisation test, respectively. FINDINGS: Only one animal died from the experimental infection. The genome and viral antigens were detected in all investigated organs (1-30 dpi) and the neutralising antibodies from seven to 30 dpi. The brain contained perivascular haemorrhage (6 dpi); in the liver, midzonal haemorrhage and lytic necrosis (6 dpi) were observed. The kidney had bleeding in the Bowman's capsule and tubular necrosis (6 dpi). Pyknotic lymphocytes were observed in the spleen (1-20 dpi), the lung had haemorrhage (2-6 dpi), in the endocardium it contained nuclear pyknosis and necrosis (2-3 dpi) and the stomach contained blood in the lumen (6 dpi). MAIN FINDINGS: Squirrel monkeys reliably reproduced the responses observed in human cases of yellow fever and, therefore, constitute an excellent experimental model for studies on the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Saimiri/virologia , Febre Amarela/diagnóstico , Vírus da Febre Amarela/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
BACKGROUND Non-human primates contribute to the spread of the yellow fever virus (YFV) and the establishment of transmission cycles in endemic areas. OBJECTIVE To describe the severe histopathological aspects of YFV infection, 10 squirrel monkeys were infected with YFV and blood, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, lymph node and stomach were collected at 1-7, 10, 20 and 30 days post-infection (dpi). METHODS Histopathological analysis and detection of the genome and viral antigens and neutralising antibodies were performed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and neutralisation test, respectively. FINDINGS Only one animal died from the experimental infection. The genome and viral antigens were detected in all investigated organs (1-30 dpi) and the neutralising antibodies from seven to 30 dpi. The brain contained perivascular haemorrhage (6 dpi); in the liver, midzonal haemorrhage and lytic necrosis (6 dpi) were observed. The kidney had bleeding in the Bowman's capsule and tubular necrosis (6 dpi). Pyknotic lymphocytes were observed in the spleen (1-20 dpi), the lung had haemorrhage (2-6 dpi), in the endocardium it contained nuclear pyknosis and necrosis (2-3 dpi) and the stomach contained blood in the lumen (6 dpi). MAIN FINDINGS Squirrel monkeys reliably reproduced the responses observed in human cases of yellow fever and, therefore, constitute an excellent experimental model for studies on the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Animais , Saimiri/virologia , Febre Amarela/diagnóstico , Vírus da Febre Amarela/isolamento & purificação , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Brazil has around 14 million elderly and, in a certain area of the big cities, this population already exceeds the mark of 20%. As the person ages the risk of falls increases. One in every three people above 65 years of age suffer from some type of fall at least once a year. The objective of this study was to identify the aging factor in humanity, the risk factors in falling in the elderly and consider information about the physiotherapy role in the senior patients treatment who suffer with injuries caused by falls. A bibliographic survey was held with the use of databases of the virtual library SciELO, Pubmed and Redalic from 2007 to 2017. Among the changes resulting from aging, the ones that generate postural instability are the locomotor, sensory and nervous changes, limiting the coordination and control of postural balance, called intrinsic factors. In this sense, physical therapy has been acting in the prevention, promotion, maintenance, and rehabilitation of pathologies affecting the elderly, extending the functional independence of this group. Based on these definitions it was possible to pinpoint prospects for the health performance in the mitigation of the effects of this event, as well as reduce the high hospital expenditures of the elderly to the public health. (AU)
O Brasil tem cerca de 14 milhões de idosos e, em determinada área das grandes cidades, esta população já ultrapassa a marca dos 20%. À medida que a pessoa envelhece o risco de quedas aumenta. Uma em cada três pessoas acima de 65 anos de idade sofrem algum tipo de queda pelo menos uma vez por ano. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar o fator de envelhecimento na humanidade, os fatores de risco na queda em idosos e considerar informações sobre o papel desempenhado da fisioterapia no tratamento de pacientes sênior que sofrem com lesões causadas por quedas. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico com a utilização dos bancos de dados da biblioteca virtual SciELO, Pubmed e Redalic de 2007 a 2017. Dentre as alterações decorrentes do envelhecimento, as que mais geram instabilidade postural são as alterações no aparelho locomotor, sensorial e nervoso, limitando a coordenação e o controle do equilíbrio postural, chamados de fatores intrínsecos. Nesse sentido, a fisioterapia vem atuando na prevenção, promoção, manutenção e reabilitação de patologias que acometem o idoso, prolongando a independência funcional deste grupo. Com base nessas definições foi possível apontar perspectivas para a atuação da saúde na mitigação dos efeitos deste evento, bem como reduzir o alto gasto hospitalar destes idosos para a saúde pública. (AU)
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BACKGROUND: Free-ranging non-human primates (NHPs) can host a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, such as arboviruses, which include the yellow fever virus (YFV). This study aimed to detect the circulation of YF and other arboviruses in three wild Alouatta caraya populations in forests in southern Brazil. METHODS: We collected 40 blood and serum samples from 26 monkeys captured/recaptured up to four times from 2014 to 2016, searching for evidence of arboviruses by virus isolation, PCR, and neutralization tests. RESULTS: Viral isolation and genome detection were negative; however, we detected neutralizing antibodies against the Saint Louis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses in three NHPs. CONCLUSIONS: Saint Louis Encephalitis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses circulated recently in the region. Future studies should investigate the role of NHPs, other vertebrate hosts and wild vectors in the region's arbovirus circulation and the potential risks of the arboviruses to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.
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Alouatta caraya , Encefalite de St. Louis/veterinária , Infecções por Flavivirus/veterinária , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Febre do Vale de Rift/epidemiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vírus da Encefalite de St. Louis/isolamento & purificação , Encefalite de St. Louis/epidemiologia , Encefalite de St. Louis/virologia , Flavivirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Flavivirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Flavivirus/virologia , Febre do Vale de Rift/virologia , Vírus da Febre do Vale do Rift/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The search for modulating ligand substitution reaction in gold complexes is essential to find new active metallo compounds for medical applications. In this work, a new linear and hydrosoluble goldI complex with tris-(2-carboxyethylphosphine) (AuTCEP). The two phosphines coordinate linearly to the metal as solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complete spectroscopic characterization is also reported. In vitro growth inhibition (GI50) in a panel of nine tumorigenic and one non-tumorigenic cell lines demonstrated the complex is highly selective to ovarium adenocarcinoma (OVCAR-03) with GI50 of 3.04â¯nmolâ¯mL-1. Moreover, non-differential uptake of AuTCEP was observed between OVCAR-03 (tumor) and HaCaT (non-tumor) two cell lines. Biophysical evaluation with the sulfur-rich biomolecules showed the compound does not interact with two types of zinc fingers, bovine serum albumin, N-acetyl-l-cysteine and also l-histidine, revealing to be inert to ligand substitution reactions with these molecules. However, AuTCEP demonstrated to cleave plasmidial DNA, suggesting DNA as a possible target. No antibacterial activity was observed in the strains evaluated. Besides, it inhibits 15% of the activity of a mixture of serine-ß-lactamase and metallo-ß-lactamase from Bacillus cereus in the enzymatic activity assay, similarly to EDTA. These results suggest AuTCEP is selective to metallo-ß-lactamase but the cell uptake is hindered, and the compound does not reach the periplasmic space of Gram-positive bacteria. The unique inert behavior of AuTCEP is interesting and represent the modulation of the reactivity through coordination chemistry to decrease the toxicity associated with AuI complexes and its lack of specificity, generating very selective compounds with unexpected targets.
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Antibacterianos , Antineoplásicos , Complexos de Coordenação , Ouro , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fosfinas , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Ouro/química , Ouro/farmacologia , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Fosfinas/química , Fosfinas/farmacologia , Soroalbumina Bovina/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluated the role of free-living domestic pigeons (Columba livia) as a reservoir of arboviruses in the city of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. We investigated the presence of antibodies against the most prevalent arboviruses. OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed at evaluating some clinical and physical parameters of domestic pigeons, including the presence of antibodies to Amazon-endemic arboviruses. METHODS: Eighty-five healthy pigeons were captured in Mangal das Garças Park, in Belém, and were bled. Upon capture, the birds were subjected to a clinical examination in search of alterations that could indicate the presence of arboviruses. Blood samples were converted to serum and tested using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) technique with a panel of 19 antigens of arboviruses circulating in the Amazon. The confirmation assay for the positive reactions to the viral species tested by HI was a neutralisation test in new-born Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) [mouse neutralisation test (MNT)]. FINDINGS: A total of 10 (11.8%) serum samples tested positive for antiflavivirus antibodies by HI. All the samples positive for the HI test were subjected to MNT for detection of viruses and yielded negative results (logarithmic neutralisation index < 1.7). MAIN CONCLUSION: The results represent the first serological detection of antiarbovirus antibodies in domestic pigeons as potential hosts of arboviruses in Brazil. The detection of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against genus Flavivirus indicated that there was recent contact between the analysed domestic pigeons and these arboviruses. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of free-living pigeons in the maintenance cycle and spread of arboviruses in the Amazon.
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Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Arbovirus/veterinária , Arbovírus/imunologia , Doenças das Aves/virologia , Columbidae/virologia , Vetores de Doenças , Animais , Infecções por Arbovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Arbovirus/virologia , Arbovírus/classificação , Doenças das Aves/diagnóstico , Brasil , Feminino , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the role of free-living domestic pigeons (Columba livia) as a reservoir of arboviruses in the city of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. We investigated the presence of antibodies against the most prevalent arboviruses. OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at evaluating some clinical and physical parameters of domestic pigeons, including the presence of antibodies to Amazon-endemic arboviruses. METHODS Eighty-five healthy pigeons were captured in Mangal das Garças Park, in Belém, and were bled. Upon capture, the birds were subjected to a clinical examination in search of alterations that could indicate the presence of arboviruses. Blood samples were converted to serum and tested using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) technique with a panel of 19 antigens of arboviruses circulating in the Amazon. The confirmation assay for the positive reactions to the viral species tested by HI was a neutralisation test in new-born Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) [mouse neutralisation test (MNT)]. FINDINGS A total of 10 (11.8%) serum samples tested positive for antiflavivirus antibodies by HI. All the samples positive for the HI test were subjected to MNT for detection of viruses and yielded negative results (logarithmic neutralisation index < 1.7). MAIN CONCLUSION The results represent the first serological detection of antiarbovirus antibodies in domestic pigeons as potential hosts of arboviruses in Brazil. The detection of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against genus Flavivirus indicated that there was recent contact between the analysed domestic pigeons and these arboviruses. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of free-living pigeons in the maintenance cycle and spread of arboviruses in the Amazon.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Camundongos , Infecções por Arbovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Arbovirus/veterinária , Infecções por Arbovirus/virologia , Columbidae/virologia , Doenças das Aves/diagnóstico , Doenças das Aves/virologia , Brasil , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Vetores de DoençasRESUMO
RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever o perfil da mortalidade masculina de Cuiabá-MT entre os anos de 2002-2012 segundo as principais causas de mortalidade masculina e os anos potenciais de vida perdidos (APVP) por esta população. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, realizado a partir de 5.135 registros de óbitos de homens com idades entre 20 e 59 anos, residentes em Cuiabá-MT. A análise descritiva foi feita através da frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados e cálculo dos Indicadores de Saúde. Dentre os resultados, destacam-se as mortes em decorrência de causas violentas e doenças crônicas e degenerativas, além da mortalidade precoce, expressa pela grande perda de APVP na população de 20 a 29 anos de idade. Diante deste panorama, ressalta-se a necessidade de ações conjuntas entre seguimentos da sociedade, agentes públicos e agentes de saúde no sentido de promover a mudança deste cenário através de ações educativas com intuito de fomentar a redução da mortalidade com a sensibilização da população masculina em relação aos comportamentos de risco como a violência e a direção perigosa, bem como a adoção de hábitos mais saudáveis.
RESUMEN Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil de la mortalidad masculina de Cuiabá-MT, Brasil, entre los años de 2002-2012, según las principales causas de mortalidad masculina y los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP) por esta población. Se trata de un estudio ecológico, realizado a partir de 5.135 registros de óbitos de hombres con edades entre 20 y 59 años, residentes en Cuiabá-MT, Brasil. El análisis descriptivo fue hecho a través de la frecuencia absoluta y relativa de los datos y cálculo de los Indicadores de Salud. Entre los resultados, se destacan las muertes debido a causas violentas y enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas, además de la mortalidad precoz, expresada por la gran pérdida de los APVP en la población de 20 a 29 años de edad. Ante este panorama, se resalta la necesidad de acciones conjuntas entre segmentos de la sociedad, agentes públicos y agentes de salud en el sentido de promover el cambio de este escenario a través de acciones educativas con el objetivo de fomentar la reducción de la mortalidad con la sensibilización de la población masculina con relación a los comportamientos de riesgo como la violencia y la conducción temeraria, así como la adopción de hábitos más saludables.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe the male mortality rate of Cuiabá-MT between the years 2002-2012 according to the main causes of male mortality and the years of potential life lost (YPLL) by that population. This is an ecological study, based on 5,135 death records of men aged 20 to 59 years old, living in Cuiabá-MT. The descriptive analysis occurred through the absolute and relative frequencies of data and calculation of the Health Indicators. Among the results, deaths due to violent causes and chronic and degenerative diseases stand out, in addition to the early mortality, expressed by the large loss of YPLL in the population from 20 to 29 years of age. In view of this panorama, there is need for actions in conjunction with all segments of society, public and health agents for the effort to promote the change of that scenario through educational actions aiming at encouraging the reduction of mortality with the sensitization of the male population regarding risk behaviors such as violence and dangerous management, as well as the adoption of healthier habits.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Assunção de Riscos , Mortalidade/tendências , Expectativa de Vida , Saúde do Homem/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Causalidade , Expectativa de Vida , Causas de Morte , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Homicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias/mortalidadeRESUMO
This is an exploratory study that aimed to know the perceptions of men about their health needs, whether they are served by primary health care services, and the reasons that made them seek care at a university health service. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with men, in which they were asked how they perceived the care of their health needs in primary health care units and why they were making use of a university service, instead of using the Primary Health Care. The thematic analysis of the data revealed three categories: "Lack of access to basic units due to the need to maintain a steady job"; "The desire to be embraced and create ties with professionals in the health service" and "The guarantee of individualized care" that takes into account their particularities as a man. This study made it possible to highlight the need for professional training and reorganization of the health service to meet the male population in order to meet their real health needs, considering, therefore, issues related to male gender.
Estudo exploratório que buscou conhecer as percepções de homens sobre as suas necessidades em saúde, se elas são atendidas pelos serviços de atenção primária de saúde, bem como as razões que os fizeram buscar atendimento em um serviço universitário de saúde. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas com homens, nas quais eles foram questionados sobre como percebiam o atendimento às suas necessidades em saúde nas unidades primárias de saúde e o porquê de estarem fazendo uso de um serviço institucional universitário, ao invés de utilizarem a Atenção Primária. Após a análise temática dos dados, emergiram três categorias: "Dificuldade de acesso às unidades básicas em função da necessidade de manutenção de um emprego fixo"; "O desejo de ser bem acolhido e criar vínculo com os profissionais no serviço de saúde" e "A garantia de atendimento individualizado", que leve em consideração as suas particularidades enquanto homem. A realização deste estudo possibilitou evidenciar a necessidade de qualificação profissional e reorganização do funcionamento do serviço de saúde para o atendimento à população masculina, com vistas a atender suas reais necessidades de saúde, considerando, para tanto, questões relativas ao gênero masculino.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Autocuidado , Saúde do Homem , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Assistência Individualizada de Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Masculinidade , Serviços de SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is a common dermatosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, many of whom do not respond satisfactorily to conventional topical treatments such as corticosteroids and antifungals. OBJECTIVE: A pilot study to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of pimecrolimus cream 1% in HIV-positive patients with facial SD. METHODS: In a single-centre study, 21 HIV-infected patients with mild to severe SD were treated twice daily with pimecrolimus cream 1% for 14 days. Thereafter, treatment was discontinued and patients followed up for 5 weeks. Skin involvement at baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, 35 and 49 was assessed using a four-point clinical score and digital photography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream 1% treatment and incidence of relapse in the follow-up phase. Results Marked improvement was seen in clinical parameters at day 7, with >or= 90% patients clear of symptoms at day 14. Relapse was observed at day 35 but signs were milder than at baseline. All patients responded to therapy, despite their immunological status. Pimecrolimus did not alter CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell counts or viral load during the treatment period. CONCLUSION: Pimecrolimus cream represents a new, effective therapeutic option for facial SD in HIV patients.
Assuntos
Dermatite Seborreica/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapêutico , Dermatoses Faciais/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Tacrolimo/análogos & derivados , Administração Tópica , Adulto , Dermatite Seborreica/complicações , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administração & dosagem , Dermatoses Faciais/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pomadas , Projetos Piloto , Recidiva , Tacrolimo/administração & dosagem , Tacrolimo/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A retrospective study of 76 patients was carried out using ritonavir in an antiretroviral regimen combined with two reverse transcriptase inhibitors to treat outpatients from July, 1996, to April, 1998, with the objective of evaluating clinical efficacy and tolerability. Seventy-six percent of the patients had been diagnosed with AIDS, an average number of CD(4) cells = 233.7 cells/mm(3) and viral load = 144, 084 RNA copies/mm(3). The majority of patients (76.3% )were antiretroviral treatment-experienced, 21.4% having taken protease inhibitors. A positive clinical response was found in 86.7% (including an average weight gain of 4.4 kg in 58.5% ), an average CD(4) count increase of 169.5 cells/mm(3) in 83.3% and an average viral load decrease of approximately 2.28 log in 75% of patients. A high percentage of adverse effects (76.3% ) was detected, with most slight or moderate, but they significantly impacted adherence to treatment as 31.6% stopped taking the drug as a result. We conclude that this antiretroviral regimen has good clinical efficacy, but relatively poor tolerability.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/efeitos adversos , Ritonavir/administração & dosagem , Ritonavir/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga ViralRESUMO
O trabalho cinesioterápico proposto com a bola suiça visa reeducar a flexibilidade e as alteraçöes musculares, bem como possibilitar uma terapia mais relaxante, em que o paciente possa de forma gradativa näo só mehorar suas disfunçöes pulmonares como também seu equilíbrio, coordenaçäo e aspectos emocionais
Assuntos
Cinesiologia Aplicada , Músculos , Especialidade de Fisioterapia , Maleabilidade , Músculos Respiratórios , Terapia RespiratóriaRESUMO
A equipes de Fisioterapia da Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Curitiba, Estado do Paraná, através da observaçäo de uma grande clientela de pacientes hepatopatas cirróticos-ascíticos, procurou desenvolver um protocolo de atendimento para solucionar as dificuldades de tratamento durante a fase hospitalar. Ainda em andamento e necessitando de maiores comprovaçöes estatísticas damos continuidade aos estudos apesar dos sucessos já conseguidos
Assuntos
Ascite/terapia , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/terapia , Especialidade de Fisioterapia , Terapia RespiratóriaRESUMO
The morbidity of acute respiratory infections in young children and the role of respiratory viruses were evaluated in a 29-month household-based study in an impoverished urban population in Fortaleza, Brazil; subjects were 175 children less than 5 years of age in 63 families. Home visits were conducted three times weekly during which staff recorded the presence of respiratory and systemic symptoms and collected upper respiratory tract samples for viral isolation. A large and sustained burden of respiratory illness was observed, and respiratory viruses were isolated in 35% of the samples collected. Of the isolates, 45.6% were rhinoviruses, 16% parainfluenza viruses, 15.8% enteroviruses, 9.9% adenoviruses, 7.0% herpes simplex viruses, and 5.7% influenza viruses. The results indicate that poor children in northeast Brazil have a high prevalence of respiratory illness and that rhinovirus is the most frequent respiratory virus.