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We experimentally demonstrate resonance of first-order vector vortex beams (VVB) with a triangular optical cavity. We also show that, due to their symmetry properties, the VVBs commonly known as radial and azimuthal beams do not resonate at the same cavity length, which could be explored to use the triangular resonator as a mode sorter. In addition, an intracavity Pancharatnam phase shifter (PPS) is implemented in order to compensate for any birefringent phase that the cavity mirrors may introduce.
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The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been affecting the world, causing severe pneumonia and acute respiratory syndrome, leading people to death. Therefore, the search for anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds is pivotal for public health. Natural products may present sources of bioactive compounds; among them, flavonoids are known in literature for their antiviral activity. Siparuna species are used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of colds and flu. This work describes the isolation of 3,3',4'-tri-O-methyl-quercetin, 3,7,3',4'-tetra-O-methyl-quercetin (retusin), and 3,7-di-O-methyl-kaempferol (kumatakenin) from the dichloromethane extract of leaves of Siparuna cristata (Poepp. & Endl.) A.DC., Siparunaceae, using high-speed countercurrent chromatography in addition to the investigation of their inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Retusin and kumatakenin inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells, with a selective index greater than lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine, used as control. Flavonoids and their derivatives may stand for target compounds to be tested in future clinical trials to enrich the drug arsenal against coronavirus infections. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43450-021-00162-5.
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AIM: The object of this study is to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of caregivers of individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP). METHODS: Ninety-eight caregivers of individuals with CP (SG) and 196 caregivers of individuals without special needs (CG) completed the reduced version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). In addition, a questionnaire with demographic and socioeconomic questions was used. Groups were matched according to gender, schooling and family income. Fisher's exact tests, Chi square and Mann-Whitney, and bi/multivariate logistic regression were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The impact on OHRQoL was similar for SG and CG (OHIP-14 total score). For SG, the high negative impact was in the following OHIP domains: "Functional limitation", "Physical disability", "Psychological incapacity" and "Disadvantages". For SG, a higher number of caregivers was single, unemployed, received government financial aid. There was a statistically significant association between the number of children a caregiver has and a negative impact on OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: Being a caregiver of children with or without CP had a negative impact of similar magnitude on ORHQoL. The negative impact on OHRQoL of caregivers of children with CP was associated with having a high number of children; the higher the number of children, the greater the negative impact on their OHRQoL.
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Paralisia Cerebral , Qualidade de Vida , Cuidadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Humanos , Saúde Bucal , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Z-scan is a well-established technique used to measure the nonlinear refractive index and absorption coefficient of thin and transparent materials. The method requires the displacement of the sample along the focus of a laser beam. Therefore, the Z-scan is not suitable for experiments where the sample cannot be axially translated. Here, we explore a deformable mirror to create controllable defocus aberrations, translating the focus of the beam through the sample, alternatively to the sample displacement. The technique is based on time behavior analysis of the light beam transmitted by the nonlinear sample, at different defocus configurations. The method is validated by measuring reference samples (CS2 and SiO2) and comparing them with the conventional Z-scan technique.
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INTRODUCTION: The lung transplantation (LTx) program began in Ceará in 2011 and the first LTx was performed on June 11, 2011. The aim of this study was to present the initial results of the 6-year experience of our program. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience on LTx from June 2011 to August 2017. Data on recipients and transoperative and postoperative outcomes were recorded in a database. RESULTS: Twenty-two (56.4%) were single LTx, 15 (38.5%) were double, and 2 (5.1%) bilateral lobar. The mean age was 47.5 ± 15 years, and 26 (66.7%) were men. Twenty-eight (71.8%) had pulmonary fibrosis; 5 (12.8%) had pulmonary emphysema, 3 (7.7%) had bronchiectasis; 2 (5.1%) had pulmonary hypertension, and 1 (2.6%) had lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Complications occurred in 82% (32/39) and in-hospital mortality was 30.8% (single LTx = 27.8% and double LTx = 33.3%). The main complications were infection in 17 (43.5%) cases and primary graft dysfunction in 7 (17.9%). There was a significant improvement in pulmonary function in the first year of follow-up (forced expiratory volume pre-LTx = 37% ± 16% and 12 months post-LTx = 72% ± 22%, P = .001); and overall survival at 36 months was 59.0%, with no difference between single- and double-lung transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was the most common underlying disease and single LTx was the most commonly performed operation. There was a high incidence of postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality, but the 36-month follow-up showed a marked improvement in lung function and a global survival similar to the literature.
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Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/cirurgia , Pneumopatias/cirurgia , Transplante de Pulmão/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Disfunção Primária do Enxerto/mortalidade , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Incidência , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Transplante de Pulmão/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Período Pós-Operatório , Disfunção Primária do Enxerto/fisiopatologia , Testes de Função Respiratória , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objectives To detect the frequency of psychological alterations in primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients. Methods Thirty-six primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients were analyzed by a psychological interview using a standard protocol and review of medical charts. Clinical manifestations, associated comorbidities, antiphospholipid antibodies, and treatment were also evaluated. Results The mean age was 44.2 ± 10.8 years, 29 (80%) were women and 29 (80%) were of Caucasian race. The mean duration of disease was 7.3 ± 5.2 years. The frequency of the presence of psychological alterations was 97.1%. Family dependence was observed in 14 (40%), memory loss in 12 (34.3%), social losses in 12 (34.3%), sexual limitations in seven (20%), sadness in six (17.1%), severe speech limitation in four (11.4%), anxiety in three (8.6%), learning difficulty in two (5.7%), generalized phobia in two (5.7%), suicide ideation in one (2.6%), agoraphobia in one (2.6%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder in one (2.6%). Conclusion This study demonstrated that almost all primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients have psychological alterations. These data reinforce the need for psychological evaluation in primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients.
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Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antifosfolipídeos/sangue , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/psicologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados Preliminares , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: All types of abuse and neglect have been associated with suicide attempts. However, the association between the level of each type of childhood trauma and suicidal behavior severity (including the progression from ideation to attempts), adjusting for their co-occurrence, is not yet clear. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional web-based survey collected from the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP) to investigate the isolated effects of each type of childhood trauma on suicidal behavior severity. The sample consisted of 71,429 self-selected volunteers assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the following key question: "Have you ever thought about or attempted to kill yourself?" (Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire, SBQ-17). RESULTS: After adjusting for demographic variables, and childhood trauma subtypes, severe emotional abuse (EA) was associated with suicidal ideation and attempts, mainly for serious suicide attempts (OR, 22.71; 95% CI, 2.32-222.05). We found associations of smaller magnitude for severe emotional neglect (EN) with serious suicide attempts, and for severe physical neglect (PN) and sexual abuse (SA) with attempts without really meaning to die. No meaningful trend for physical abuse (PA) was found. Using as reference group ideators, EA was associated with serious suicide attempts, with a peak at the 95th percentile (OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 2.04-9.41). We found associations of smaller magnitude for PN and SA, and no meaningful trend for EN and PA. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal behavior was strongly associated with emotional abuse in childhood, even when compared with ideators, suggesting that it is a relevant factor for the progression from ideation to attempts.
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Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicopatologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
This study aimed to determine whether increases in flexibility following a single session predict increases in flexibility after a short-term stretching training program involving static stretching (SS) or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques. 70 adults (aged 18-30 years) of both sexes were randomly assigned to 2 groups: PNF (2 series of contract-relax stretching) and SS (static stretching for 1 min). Both stretching protocols were performed for 7 consecutive days. Active knee extension was evaluated before and after the first session and one day after the end of the intervention. Two-way ANOVA showed significant flexibility gains for both groups and no difference between them. The changes in flexibility after the first intervention session were strongly correlated with the changes after the training program in both groups (PNF r=0.82, p=0.001; SS: r=0.82, p=0.001). Linear regression showed that the increases in flexibility predicted the gains after both training programs (PNF: r(2)=0.67, p=0.001; SS: r(2)=0.61, p=0.005). In conclusion, the acute changes in flexibility after a single session of PNF and SS predict the gains in flexibility after longer-term training -programs.
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Exercícios de Alongamento Muscular/métodos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Joelho/fisiologia , Masculino , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A modified spatial filtering method that improves the sensitivity of single-beam and mode-mismatched thermal lens spectroscopy (TLS) for fluorescence quantum yield measurement is presented. The method is based on the detection of the external part of a laser beam transmitted by the fluorescent sample (eclipsing detection mode). The experimental results show that the signal/noise (S/N) ratio of the absolute quantum yield of Rh6G can be enhanced up to ~1400% using the eclipsing detection mode on the TLS experimental setup. The method was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence quantum yield of varying concentration of ethanolic solutions of Rhodamine 6G.
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Etanol/análise , Lentes , Microquímica/instrumentação , Nanotecnologia/instrumentação , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/instrumentação , Desenho Assistido por Computador , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Teoria Quântica , TemperaturaRESUMO
The manual version of the potentiometric titration method has been used for certification and characterization of uranium compounds. In order to reduce the analysis time and the influence of the analyst, a semi-automatic version of the method was developed in the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission. The method was applied with traceability assured by using a potassium dichromate primary standard. The combined standard uncertainty in determining the total concentration of uranium was around 0.01%, which is suitable for uranium characterization.
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New monitoring methods of dengue vector and evaluation of public policies on dengue control are major concerns for several tropical countries. Drawback on monitoring methods base on oviposition surveys are the counting process of mosquito eggs, information store and analysis. Here we present a new automated egg counting system for remote Aedes aegypti population survey. The system is base on an optical scanning platform, a man-machine interface, and a software for mosquitoes eggs counting. Acquired information are sent over the internet and remotely analyzed. Prototypes of the device were installed and implement in two different cities.
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Aedes/fisiologia , Controle de Mosquitos/instrumentação , Oviposição , Óvulo/fisiologia , Animais , Automação , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Modelos Estatísticos , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Software , Interface Usuário-ComputadorRESUMO
A 75-year-old woman presented to the Tropical Diseases Hospital, Goiania, Brazil, with a two-day history of fever and chills followed by headache and vomiting over the last 24 hours. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed 270 leukocytes/mmc (30 percent neutrophils); 20 red cells/mmc; undetectable levels of glucose and 232 mg/dL of protein. The Gram stain revealed several Gram-positive cocci, and CSF culture yielded Streptococcus bovis. A colonoscopy showed diverticula in descendent and transverse colon. After a 14-day course of penicillin G, the patient was discharged in a good state of health, with only mild hearing impairment.
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Diverticulose Cólica/complicações , Perda Auditiva/microbiologia , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Streptococcus bovis , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Meningites Bacterianas/complicações , Meningites Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Penicilina G/uso terapêutico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Streptococcus bovis/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus bovis/patogenicidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We have measured and analyzed the behavior of the nonlinear refractive index of silver spheres in water in a non-resonant femtosecond excitation regime. Two different diameter silver nanosphere (0.65 and 9 nm) suspensions were used in the experiments. Thermal and nonthermal contributions to the nonlinear properties of the samples were determined exploring a novel high sensitivity thermal managed eclipse Z-scan technique. The dependence of nonthermal third order nonlinear susceptibility of the colloid with the silver nanoparticles filling factor was described using the generalized Maxwell-Garnett model. The nanoparticle size dependence of the colloid nonlinear refractive index was observed.
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Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Prata/química , Coloides , Dinâmica não Linear , Refratometria , Análise Espectral , Temperatura , ÁguaRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this paper was to compare the anthropometric profile and the vertical jumps of two groups of Brazilian male high performance beach volleyball players. METHODS: The sample consisted of 38 male beach volleyball players from the Brazilian Beach Volleyball Circuit of 2006, allocated to two groups according to national ranking of their teams. Anthropometric measures and performance in vertical jumps were assessed using a specific methodology. RESULTS: The anthropometric results of the groups showed no statistically significant differences. The players of group 1 (G1) were better in the spike jump (P<0.01), block jump (P<0.01) and block difference (P<0.01) than the players of group 2 (G2). The prediction model of the spike jump for G2 included body mass and standing spike reach (adjusted R2=0.77) while for the block jump model it was body mass and standing block reach (adjusted R2=0.73). The regression models for G1 were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: It is likely that vertical jump height (spike and block) influences the performance of beach volleyball players, and consequently the performance of their teams, since the present study found higher values in G1 than in G2 for the spike jump, block jump and block difference. However, an athlete's success is not related only to the variables investigated in this study; technical skill, tactics, psychology and physical conditioning can also play a role.
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Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Voleibol/fisiologia , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
In this work we determine the third, fifth- and seventh-order nonresonant nonlinear optical properties of silver nanoparticles (9 nm average diameter) colloids in aqueous solution under high intensity excitation. The nonlinear optical response and its dependence with the nanoparticles filling factor was measured and theoretically described. We show that for low inclusion concentration, the third order nonlinearity of the colloid can be described by the generalized Maxwell-Garnett model. With the increase of the nanoparticle concentration, changes in the medium nonlinearities was observed leading to high order effects. The fifth- and seventh- order susceptibilities were obtained for highly concentrated silver nanoparticle colloid and the data was supported by a theoretical model. The conventional Z-scan technique was employed, using 80 f s laser pulses at 800 nm, in a regime of high pulse energy (microJ) and low repetition rate (1 kHz).
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Coloides/química , Modelos Químicos , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura , Nefelometria e Turbidimetria/métodos , Prata/química , Água/química , Simulação por Computador , Luz , Dinâmica não Linear , Espalhamento de Radiação , SoluçõesRESUMO
The growing incidence of microbial infections and the increasing ability of such organisms to acquire resistance to antimicrobial treatment lead the requirement of fast bacteria and fungi identification methods. In this work we explored optical spectroscopic techniques on fungal identification. We show that some fungal infections can be identified by ultraviolet optical excitation of fungi fluorescence followed by the spectral analysis of the emitted light. Moreover, we demonstrate that ultraviolet LED and LASER could be applied in fungal identification and a new device for fungal diagnosis is proposed.
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Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/métodos , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Medições Luminescentes/métodos , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/métodos , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta/métodos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/instrumentação , Medições Luminescentes/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espectrometria de Fluorescência/instrumentação , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
We describe experimental and theoretical studies of the third-order nonlinear optical coefficients of methyl orange solutions under different pH conditions. A combination of semiempirical and ab initio methods was adopted to investigate the most stable geometrical structures possible for this molecule. The experimental data obtained using the Z-scan technique for the third-order nonlinear optical properties of this compound has allowed the determination of the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient under picosecond excitation in the visible (532 nm) spectral region. From those experimental results, the second hyperpolarizability of methyl orange was inferred both for acidic and alkaline solutions. Comparison of these values to the results predicted by semiempirical methods suggests that even at low pH, when the probability of cis-trans isomerization is increased, the trans conformation of the methyl orange molecule should dominate the nonlinear spectra of this compound. The theoretical results were used as an auxiliary tool to identify possible trends on the nonlinear properties changes as a function of the distinct molecular conformations adopted by the methyl orange molecule under different pH conditions.
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Evaluation of molar dental restorations on enamel is performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with 10 microm resolution. Images of approximately 50 microm failure gaps in the restorations are demonstrated and the OCT images are compared with x-ray and optical microscopy pictures. The results demonstrate the potential of the technique for clinical evaluation of dental restorations.
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Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/cirurgia , Desgaste de Restauração Dentária , Análise de Falha de Equipamento/métodos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Dente Molar/patologia , Dente Molar/cirurgia , Algoritmos , Diagnóstico Bucal/métodos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Prognóstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The monoterpene oxide, 1,8-cineole (cineole, eucalyptol) was examined for its possible influence on the acute phase of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. The test compound, 1,8-cineole (200 and 400 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 ml, 2% Tween 80) was instilled rectally, 24, and 2 h before (pre-treatment) or 2 and 24 h after (post-treatment) the induction of colitis by intracolonic administration of TNBS (0.25 ml of 25 mg of TNBS in 50% ethanol). Rats were killed 48 h after colitis induction and colonic segments were analysed for gross damage scores, changes in wet weights, myeloperoxidase activity, an indicator of neutrophilic infiltration and glutathione level, a major cellular antioxidant. TNBS induced an extensive inflammation and ulceration in the colon. Colonic damage was associated with an increase in myeloperoxidase activity and by a decrease in glutathione. When compared to vehicle-treated TNBS controls, a marked reduction in gross damage scores and wet weights (mg/cm) of colonic segments were evident in animals pre-treated but not post-treated with 1,8-cineole. Cineole also significantly reduced the myeloperoxidase activity, and caused repletion of glutathione. These results confirm the anti-inflammatory action of 1,8-cineole and suggest its potential value as a dietary flavoring agent in the prevention of gastrointestinal inflammation and ulceration.
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Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Cicloexanóis/uso terapêutico , Monoterpenos/uso terapêutico , Ácido Trinitrobenzenossulfônico , Doença Aguda , Administração Retal , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Colite/metabolismo , Colite/patologia , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Colo/patologia , Cicloexanóis/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eucaliptol , Glutationa/metabolismo , Instilação de Medicamentos , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Monoterpenos/administração & dosagem , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ácido Trinitrobenzenossulfônico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Trinitrobenzenossulfônico/toxicidadeRESUMO
Most information on catfishes of the genus Aspidoras has focused species kept in aquaria, in non-natural conditions. Biotic and abiotic parameters of environment inhabited by Aspidoras fuscoguttatus, associated ichthyofauna, as well as strategies involved in the successful occupation of different microhabitats in a first order stream, located in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, were investigated. Data collection was monthly performed at three segments (headwaters, middle course, and mouth) from August 1999 to July 2000. The greatest values of water temperature, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, width, depth, and current velocity were obtained in the rainy season. Dissolved oxygen levels showed significant differences among three segments in all sampling months, except for September. Substrate composition was predominantly sandy, followed by silt and clay in middle course and mouth in rainy as much as in dry seasons. In headwaters a large increase of the sandy fraction occurred in the rainy season. In the marginal and aquatic vegetation 30 species of macrophytes and 5 of macroalgae were identified. The fauna included tadpoles of Anura and macroinvertebrates (Mollusca, Crustacea, Arachnida, and 8 orders of Insecta). A. fuscoguttatus was found throughout the entire stream in sympatry with 6 fish species. In middle course, cluster analysis revealed an association between A. fuscoguttatus immatures and low depth, suggesting a probable function of depth in that stage of ontogenetic development of catfishes. The results indicate that A. fuscoguttatus present plasticity in terms of microhabitat, including air breathing behavior in hypoxic conditions, previously unknown in genus Aspidoras.