RESUMO
We present the first report on Euphoria lurida (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) infestation on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), a crop of industrial and medicinal importance. Between September and October 2013-2015 in Paraná State, we observed E. lurida adults feeding on safflower plants from the inception of flower head formation onwards, over an area of approximately 400 m2. Losses in the productivity of infested plants were estimated between 15 and 50%. The damage was characterized by perforations in the upper portion and at the base of the developing flower heads or open flowers, resulting in withering and abortion of the reproductive structures.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Carthamus tinctorius , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Brasil , Besouros , EuforiaRESUMO
Bothrops lanceolatus venom contains a variety of enzymatic and biological activities. The present work investigated the hemolytic activity of this venom and its phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Bothrops lanceolatus venom (6.7 µg/mL) caused indirect hemolysis of cow, horse, rat and sheep erythrocytes, with horse erythrocytes being the most sensitive; no direct hemolysis was observed. Hemolysis in sheep erythrocytes was concentration-dependent (5-11.7 µg/mL) and markedly attenuated by heating the venom for 30 minutes at ≥ 40°C and by the PLA2 inhibitor p-bromophenacyl bromide. An acidic PLA2 (5 µg/mL) purified from B. lanceolatus venom also caused hemolysis. This PLA2 showed immunoprecipitin lines with antivenom against B. lanceolatus, which suggests that the enzymatic and hemolytic activities of this enzyme may be neutralized during antivenom therapy. These results indicate that B. lanceolatus venom and its PLA2 can cause hemolysis in vitro.(AU)
Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Bothrops lanceolatus , Venenos Elapídicos/toxicidade , Enzimas , Fosfolipases A2 , Produtos Biológicos , HemóliseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Bothrops venoms cause local edema, pain, hemorrhage and necrosis. In this study, we investigated the ability of Bothrops lanceolatus venom to cause edema in rat hind paws and examined the mediators involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hind paw edema was induced in male Wister rats by the subplantar injection of venom (12.5-100 microg/paw) in the absence and presence of antagonists. Edema was quantified by hydroplethysmometry at 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post-injection and was expressed as the percentage increase relative to the contralateral (control) paw. The ability of the venom to release histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells was also assessed. RESULTS: Venom caused dose- and time-dependent edema that was maximal within 15 min but disappeared after 24 h and was accompanied by hemorrhage. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, s.c.), methysergide (6 mg/kg, i.p.), HOE 140 (0.6 mg/kg, i.v.) and mepyramine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced edema formation, whereas indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was ineffective. Dialysis did not affect venom-induced edema. Venom (1, 10 and 30 microg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent release of histamine (13 +/- 1%, 61.9 +/- 4.6% and 73.6 +/- 2.4%, respectively; n = 5) from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of edema, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration. Pretreating the venom with EDTA partially inhibited the edema and hemorrhage, but did not affect the migration of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS: B. lanceolatus venom produced dose- and time-dependent edema in rat paws. This edema was not dependent on low molecular weight substances in the venom, but was partially dependent on a hemorrhagin and also involved the release of arachidonic acid metabolites, bradykinin, histamine and serotonin.
Assuntos
Bradicinina/análogos & derivados , Venenos de Crotalídeos/toxicidade , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Animais , Antieméticos/farmacologia , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Bothrops , Bradicinina/farmacologia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologia , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/metabolismo , Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Extremidades , Histamina/metabolismo , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H1/farmacologia , Indometacina/farmacologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Metisergida/farmacologia , Pirilamina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Serotonina/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Vasoconstritores/farmacologiaAssuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Yersiniose/imunologia , Yersinia enterocolitica , Animais , Artrite Reativa/etiologia , Artrite Reativa/imunologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Feminino , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Sorotipagem , Superantígenos/biossíntese , Superantígenos/toxicidade , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Fatores de Tempo , Yersiniose/etiologia , Yersinia enterocolitica/classificação , Yersinia enterocolitica/imunologia , Yersinia enterocolitica/patogenicidadeAssuntos
Linfócitos B/imunologia , Yersiniose/imunologia , Yersinia enterocolitica , Animais , Autoanticorpos/biossíntese , Doenças Autoimunes/etiologia , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Sorotipagem , Fatores de Tempo , Yersiniose/etiologia , Yersinia enterocolitica/classificação , Yersinia enterocolitica/imunologiaRESUMO
The authors describe a rare case of increased intracranial hypertension consequent to a spinal cervical glioblastoma multiforme in a young patient. They analyse the physiopathology of intracranial hypertension in spinal tumors and the rarity of such kind of tumor in this location, and its clinico-pathological aspects.
Assuntos
Glioblastoma/complicações , Pseudotumor Cerebral/etiologia , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/complicações , Adulto , Feminino , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
Mice injected with 10(5) culture trypomastigotes (CT) survived the 30-day observation period while those injected with the same number of bloodstream trypomastigotes (BT) died in 10 +/- 1 days. As early as 24 h after injection of CT the mice displayed an increased resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi as indicated by an increased longevity when challenged with lethal doses of BT. The phagocytic activity of mice injected 24-72 h earlier with CT is increased, while that of mice injected with BT is decreased. The data suggest that parasite factors acting on the early phase of the immune response play a role in the outcome of the infection.