RESUMO
A fast and non-destructive voltammetric method to detect cocaine in confiscated samples based on carbon paste electrode modified with methoxy-substituted N,N'-ethylene-bis(salcylideneiminato)uranyl(VI)complexes, [UO2(X-MeOSalen)(H2O)] · H2O, where X corresponds to the positions 3, 4 or 5 of the methoxy group on the aromatic ring, is described. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode and the electrochemical detection of cocaine were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. Using 0.1 mol · L(-1) KCl as supporting-electrolyte, a concentration-dependent, well-defined peak current for cocaine at 0.62 V, with an amperometric sensitivity of 6.25 × 104 µA · mol · L(-1) for cocaine concentrations ranging between 1.0 × 10(-7) and 1.3 × 10(-6) mol · L-1 was obtained. Chemical interference studies using lidocaine and procaine were performed. The position of the methoxy group affects the results, with the 3-methoxy derivative being the most sensitive.
Assuntos
Cocaína/análise , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Urânio/química , Carbono/química , Eletrodos , Eletrólitos/química , Ciências Forenses , Bases de Schiff/químicaRESUMO
Rat osseous plate alkaline phosphatase, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored phosphomonohydrolase, was immobilized on Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. Enzyme solubilization either with polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether or with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C resulted in a GPI-anchor-containing and a GPI-anchor-depleted form, respectively. Both forms were adsorbed on dimyristoylphosphatidic acid LB films and restricted to the outermost layer. The surface density and enzyme activity were determined using a quartz crystal microbalance and p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity, respectively. The detergent-solubilized form was co-spread with dimyristoylphosphatidic acid on the air/water interface and transferred to solid supports, providing an enzyme maximum surface density of 530 ng/cm2. Maximal phosphohydrolytic activity, corresponding to 43% of that observed in homogeneous medium, was obtained at a surface density of 179 ng/cm2. The phospholipase C-solubilized form was adsorbed directly from solution, reaching a maximum surface density of 1541 ng/cm2, although the phosphomonohydrolase activity was 10 times lower than that obtained for the anchor-containing form. The combined analysis of surface density and enzymatic activity suggests that the alignment of the protein molecules on the LB lipid films induced by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor facilitates the access of the substrate to the active site. This access is hampered by increasing enzyme surface densities and depends on a specific orientation of the adsorbed enzyme.