RESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar os principais Determinantes Sociais da Saúde (DSS) relacionados à ocorrência de Doenças Diarreicas Agudas (DDAs) em Arapiraca/Alagoas. Metodologia: Relato de experiência prática, pautada na análise dos prontuários no período 2015-2016 nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde José Barbosa Leão (Planalto), Francisco Pereira Lima (4º Centro de Saúde) e Daniel Houly, em busca de casos de diarreia e da identificação de determinantes sociais das doenças diarreicas nos territórios, a partir de diagnósticos comunitários realizados no primeiro semestre de 2017. Resultados e Discussão: Com um total de 4.748 prontuários analisados, foram encontrados 168 casos de diarreia. A partir dessas informações, pôde-se constatar que fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais, como o acesso insuficiente à água tratada e a ausência de saneamento básico adequado, podem ser apontados como determinantes locais para a ocorrência de doenças diarreicas agudas. Conclusão: Observou-se maior valor absoluto e incidência de DDAs no bairro Planalto, resultado associado às condições socioeconômicas e de infraestrutura deficientes encontradas na comunidade, ressaltando assim a importância de intervenção interna e externa, visando à melhoria dessas variáveis
RESUMO
The purpose of this review was to identify studies that have investigated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse on exercise performance, and to quantify the overall mean difference of this type of manipulation across the studies. The main mechanisms involving the potential benefit of CHO mouth rinse on performance was also explored. A systematic review was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), without limit of searches. Eleven studies were classified as appropriate and their results were summarized and compared. In nine of them, CHO mouth rinse increased the performance (range from 1.50% to 11.59%) during moderate- to high-intensity exercise (~75% Wmax or 65% VO2max, ~1 h duration). A statistical analysis to quantify the individual and overall mean differences was performed in seven of the 11 eligible studies that reported power output (watts, W) as the main performance outcome. The overall mean difference was calculated using a random-effect model that accounts for true variation in effects occurring in each study, as well as random error within a single study. The overall effect of CHO mouth rinse on performance was significant (mean difference=5.05 W, 95% CI 0.90 to 9.2 W, z=2.39, p=0.02) but there was a large heterogeneity between the studies (I2=52%). An activation of the oral receptors and consequently brain areas involved with reward (insula/operculum frontal, orbitofrontal cortex, and striatum) is suggested as a possible physiological mechanism responsible for the improved performance with CHO mouth rinse. However, this positive effect seems to be accentuated when muscle and liver glycogen stores are reduced, possibly due to a greater sensitivity of the oral receptors, and require further investigation. Differences in duration of fasting before the trial, duration of mouth rinse, type of activity, exercise protocols, and sample size may account for the large variability between the studies.