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A new method to investigate disorder in ice films is proposed and applied to acetylene ice. It is based on a quantitative analysis of the infrared spectrum data, which includes: the Brendel-Bormann model for the material's dielectric function; molecular vibration modes calculated by density functional theory (DFT); a monomer-dimer model for amorphous ice; and a peak-shape analysis through Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression. Acetylene ice films with different degrees of disorder were investigated with the proposed method. The results provide an estimate of the degree of disorder in the films and indicate the possibility of existence of a second amorphous phase of acetylene ice grown at temperatures of about 15 K and then annealed. This phase would be similar to the high-density amorphous phase observed for water ice. The infrared data in this work is compared with those from the literature for acetylene gas, acetylene film, and acetylene aerosol. A qualitative analysis reveals differences in the degree of disorder in each system and points to a crystallinity limit for acetylene ice film; that is, the crystalline acetylene film has a higher degree of intrinsic disorder than the crystalline acetylene aerosol.
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An 88-year-old male patient presented with a large mass on the left lateral bulbar conjunctiva. The tumor appeared two months after the resection of a conjunctival atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) performed by a cornea specialist. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits showed deep orbital invasion along the lateral rectus muscle. The mass and the entire conjunctival sac were totally excised with lid-sparing orbital exenteration. Histopathological analysis confirmed that the mass was an extension of the AFX. Two weeks after surgery, large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed in the oropharynx. Chemotherapy was initiated, and after seven months of follow-up, there was no recurrence of the AFX. The authors believe that this is the first report of orbital invasion by AFX.
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A multi-epitope protein expressed in a prokaryotic system, including epitopes of Env, Gag, and Tax proteins of both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 was characterized for HTLV-1/2 serological screening. This tool can contribute to support the implementation of public policies to reduce HTLV-1/2 transmission in Brazil, the country with the highest absolute numbers of HTLV-1/2 infected individuals. The chimeric protein was tested in EIA using serum/plasma of HTLV-infected individuals and non-infected ones from four Brazilian states, including the North and Northeast regions (that present high prevalence of HTLV-1/2) and Southeast region (that presents intermediate prevalence rates) depicting different epidemiological context of HTLV-1/2 infection in our country. We enrolled samples from Pará (n = 114), Maranhão (n = 153), Minas Gerais (n = 225) and São Paulo (n = 59) states; they are from blood donors' candidates (Pará and Minas Gerais), pregnant women (Maranhão) and HIV+/high risk for sexually transmitted infection (STI; São Paulo). Among the HTLV-1/2 positive sera, there were co-infections with viral (HTLV-1 + HTLV-2, HIV, HCV, and HBV), bacterial (Treponema pallidum) and parasitic (Trypanosoma cruzi, Schistosma mansoni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Entamoeba coli, E. histolytica, and Endolimax nana) pathogens related to HTLV-1/2 co-morbidities that can contribute to inconclusive diagnostic results. Sera positive for HIV were included among the HTLV-1/2 negative samples. Considering both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2-infected samples from all states and different groups (blood donor candidates, pregnant women, and individuals with high risk for STI), mono or co-infected and HTLV-/HIV+, the test specificity ranged from 90.09 to 95.19% and the sensitivity from 82.41 to 92.36% with high accuracy (ROC AUC = 0.9552). This multi-epitope protein showed great potential to be used in serological screening of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in different platforms, even taking into account the great regional variation and different profile of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 mono or co-infected individuals.
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Infecções por HIV , Infecções por HTLV-I , Infecções por HTLV-II , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Brasil/epidemiologia , Epitopos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HTLV-I/diagnóstico , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/diagnóstico , Infecções por HTLV-II/epidemiologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano , Humanos , Gravidez , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Samples of α-glycine (α-GLY; 230-350 nm) were irradiated in laboratory as a function of electron beam energies (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 keV) at room temperature (293-295 K). The evolution of α-glycine irradiation process was monitored in real time by infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared - FTIR), through specific spectral bands: 2610, 2124, 1410, and 1333 cm-1. A phenomenological model is proposed to describe the column density decay when thick organic samples are processed by ionizing beams. The α-glycine radiolysis has exhibited transient and stationary modes in such thickness films. The first stage is mainly described by one exponential decay, whereas the latter foremost decays linearly; compaction processes have been neglected; glycine dissociation and sputtering processes are assumed to be responsible for the damage caused by the electron beam impact through the solid film. The second (stationary) stage is due to equilibrium between a partially shielded bulk radiolysis and sputtering of protective layers. The decay rates are measured for the transient and stationary modes and allow determining the processing velocity of the samples as a function of the electron beam energy. Finally, the model is applied to space weathering to find out the typical sputtering rate of organic compounds on the surface of astrophysical analogs with no protection layers attacked by solar wind (SW) electrons at ≈1 AU. Although the velocity of processing materials in SW has natural competing effects, such as regolith overturn by impacts of micro- and macrometeorites and downslope motion of material that is unstable due to changes in the geopotential of the airless bodies (e.g., asteroid 101955 Bennu), these competing processes are not included in the simulations presented here.
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Elétrons , Tempo (Meteorologia) , Glicina , Espectrofotometria InfravermelhoRESUMO
Introdução: as terapias alternativas que utilizam plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos são bastante comuns no Brasil. Dentre várias espécies vegetais brasileiras utilizadas em terapias destacam-se as espécies da família Malvaceae. Objetivos: o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a citotoxicidade in vitro e a genotoxicidade ex-vivo em compostos da Pavonia glazioviana Gürke espécie brasileira pertencente à família Malvaceae. Metodologia: métodos in vitro foram utilizados para verificar o potencial citotóxico por meio de ensaios hemolíticos e anti-hemolíticos e da análise genotóxica ex-vivo. O Extrato Etanólico Bruto (EEB) e Fração Clorofórmico (FC) foram obtidos na amostra vegetal utilizada neste estudo. Resultados: os produtos EEB-Pg e FC-Pg apresentaram baixo efeito citotóxico apenas nas concentrações de 50 e 100 µg / mL. As amostras expostas às concentrações de 500 e 1000 µg / mL apresentaram índice hemolítico alto a moderado com lise superior a 60%. Foi descrito efeito anti-hemolítico moderado em todas as amostras tratadas com 500 e 1000 µg / mL, com hemólise < 60%. Além disso, os compostos mostraram baixo efeito genotóxico ex-vivo, com um índice geral de células normais superior a 84% em todas as concentrações. Conclusões: os resultados sugerem um baixo perfil tóxico dos compostos obtidos da espécie Pavonia glazioviana, indicando limites seguros para o uso desses produtos naturais.
Introduction: alternative therapies using medicinal plants and herbal medicines are quite common in Brazil. Among several Brazilian plant species used in therapies, the species of the Malvaceae family stand out. Objetctives: the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and ex-vivo genotoxicity in compounds of the Brazilian Pavonia glazioviana Gürke belonging to the Malvaceae family. Methodology: in vitro methods were used to verify the cytotoxic potential through hemolytic and antihemolytic assays and the ex-vivo genotoxic analysis. The Crude Etanolic Extract (CEE) and Cloroformic Fraction (CF) was obtained in vegetal sample used on this study. Results: the CEE-Pg and CF-Pg products only showed a low cytotoxic effect at the concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL. The exposure to the concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/mL showed a high to moderate hemolytic index with lysis higher than 60%. A moderate anti-hemolytic effect was described in all samples treated with 500 and 1000 µg/mL, with hemolysis <60%. In addition, the compounds showed low ex-vivo genotoxic effect with a general index of normal cells greater than 84% at all concentrations. Conclusion: the results suggest a low toxic profile of the compounds obtained from the Pavonia glazioviana Gürke species belonging to the Malvaceae family, indicating safe limits for the use of these natural products.
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Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Malvaceae/química , Genotoxicidade , Hemolíticos/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a DrogaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Angina bullosa haemorrhagica (ABH) is characterized by the recurrent appearance of blood blisters on the oral mucosa, mainly in adults' soft palate. In general, the blisters rupture spontaneously, lacking the necessity for biopsy. We report the clinical features of 23 ABH cases, emphasizing the clinical behavior and the management of these conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 12,727 clinical records of oral and maxillofacial lesions from four dental services in Brazil were analyzed. Clinical data were collected from the clinical records and evaluated. RESULTS: The series comprised 12 males (52.2%) and 11 females (47.8%), with a mean age of 56.8 ± 14.6 years (ranging: 24-82 years) and a 1.1:1 male-to-female ratio. Most of the lesions affected the soft palate (n = 15, 65.2%). Clinically, the lesions presented mainly as an asymptomatic (n = 17, 73.9%) blood-filled blister that ruptured after a few minutes or hours, leaving an erosion. The masticatory trauma was the most frequent triggering event. No patient had coagulation disorders. A biopsy was performed in only four cases (17.4%). Treatment was symptomatic with a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: ABH is still poorly documented in the literature, and its etiology remains uncertain. ABH mainly affects the soft palate of elderly adults and has a favorable evolution in a few days. The therapeutic approach is often focused only on the relief of symptoms. However, it can share some clinical features with more serious diseases. Therefore, clinicians must recognize these lesions to avoid misdiagnosis.
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Doenças da Boca , Hemorragia Bucal , Adulto , Idoso , Vesícula , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
O cimento de aluminato de cálcio (CAC) tem se tornado um biomaterial de destaque para a neoformação óssea devido às suas propriedades físicas, mecânicas e biocompatibilidade, além de possuir coeficiente de expansão térmica similar ao osso humano. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de regeneração óssea de scaffolds à base de CAC, incorporados ou não com células mesenquimais (MSC) em defeitos ósseos realizados em fêmures de ratos. Foram produzidos 48 scaffolds de CAC e suas blendas fosfato tricálcico (FOSF), óxido de zinco (ZNO) e zircônia (ZIRC), sendo que metade destes foram incorporados com MSC. Vinte e três ratos Wistar foram utilizados, sendo 03 para isolamento das MSC e 20 para confecção de defeitos ósseos em ambos os fêmures. Estes, receberam scaffolds do mesmo material incorporados com MSC do lado esquerdo e não incorporados do lado direito (n=5); e foram eutanasiados 21 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico.Na análise dos scaffolds por microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram verificadas estruturas com poros abertos e interconectados, além de adesão celular em todos os grupos.Na análise histológica, foi observado que todos os grupos apresentaram trabéculas ósseas neoformadas, entremeadas por células da medula óssea e tecido conjuntivo. Na histomorfometria, para os scaffolds não incorporados com MSC, observou-se que o grupo ZIRC apresentou maior neoformação óssea e nos scaffolds incorporados com MSC, o grupo FOSF demonstrou melhores resultados, ambos exibindo diferença estatística para os demais grupos (p<0,05). Na análise intragrupos, todos os grupos exibiram maior neoformação óssea quando incorporados com MSC, exceto o grupo ZIRC, único que apresentou melhores resultados quando não incorporado com MSC. Concluiu-se que scaffolds da blenda ZIRC promovem maior neoformação óssea, porém, quando estes são incorporados com MSC, a blenda FOSF exibe os melhores resultados. A incorporação de MSC influenciou positivamente a neoformação óssea, exceto na blenda ZIRC. Concluiu-se ainda que, dentre todos os grupos, o ZIRC sem células e o FOSF com células mostraram-se mais promissores na neoformação óssea, sem diferença estatística entre eles (p<0,05)(AU)
Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) has become a prominent biomaterial for bone neoformation due to its physical, mechanical and biocompatibility properties, in addition to having a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to human bone. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of scaffolds based on CAC, incorporated or not with mesenchymal cells (MSC) in bone defects performed in rat femurs. 48 CAC scaffolds and their tricalcium phosphate (FOSF), zinc oxide (ZNO) and zirconia (ZIRC) blends were produced, half of which were incorporated with MSC.Twenty three Wistar rats were used, being 03 for isolation of MSC and 20 for making bone defects in both femurs. These received scaffolds of the same material incorporated with MSC on the left side and not incorporated on the right side (n = 5); and were euthanized 21 days after the surgical procedure. In the analysis of the scaffolds by scanning electron microscopy, structures with open and interconnected pores were verified, in addition to cell adhesion in all groups. In the histological analysis, it was observed that all groups presented bone trabeculae. neoformed, interspersed with bone marrow cells and connective tissue. In histomorphometry, for the scaffolds not incorporated with MSC, it was observed that the ZIRC group showed greater bone neoformation and in the scaffolds incorporated with MSC, the FOSF group demonstrated better results, both showing statistical difference for the other groups (p <0.05). In the intragroup analysis, all groups exhibited greater bone neoformation when incorporated with MSC, except for the ZIRC group, the only one that showed better results when not incorporated with MSC. It was concluded that scaffolds from the ZIRC blend promote greater bone neoformation, however, when these are incorporated with MSC, the FOSF blend exhibits the best results. The incorporation of MSC positively influenced bone neoformation, except in the ZIRC blend. It was also concluded that, among all groups, ZIRC without cells and FOSF with cells were more promising in bone neoformation, with no statistical difference between them (p <0.05)(AU)
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Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/administração & dosagem , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/patologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to develop nanocapsules containing ketoprofen using rose hip oil (Keto-NC) as oil core, and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic ear edema models in mice. Physicochemical characterization, drug release, photostability and cytotoxicity assays were performed for the developed Keto-NC formulations and compared to ketoprofen-loaded nanocapsules using medium chain triglycerides as oil core (Keto-MCT-NC). Anti-inflammatory activity of orally delivered KP (Ketoprofen-free; 10â¯mg.kg-1) or Keto-NC (2.5; 5; 10â¯mg.kg-1) was assessed in mouse acute and chronic ear edema induced by croton oil (CO). Edema histological characteristics were determined by H&E stain, and redox parameters were analyzed in blood plasma and erythrocytes. Keto-MCT-NC and Keto-NC did not exhibit differences regarding physicochemical parameters, including size diameters, polydispersity index, pH, Ketoprofen content, and encapsulation efficiency. However, Keto-NC, which contains rose hip oil as lipid core, decreased drug photodegradation under UVC radiation when compared to Keto-MCT-NC. KP or Keto-NC were not cytotoxic to keratinocyte cultures and produced equal edema inhibition in the acute protocol. Conversely, in the chronic protocol, Keto-NC was more effective in reducing edema (~60-70% on 7-9th days of treatment) when compared to KP (~40% on 8-9th days of treatment). This result was confirmed by histological analysis, which indicated reduction of edema and inflammatory infiltrate. A sub-therapeutic dose of Keto-NC (5â¯mg.kg-1) significantly reduced edema when compared to control. Finally, KP and Keto-NC exhibited similar effects on redox parameters, suggesting that the advantages associated with Ketoprofen nanoencapsulation did not involve oxidative stress pathways. The results showed that Keto-NC was more efficient than KP in reducing chronic inflammation. These data may be important for the development of strategies aiming treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases with fewer adverse effects.
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Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Cetoprofeno/farmacologia , Nanocápsulas/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Linhagem Celular , Doença Crônica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cetoprofeno/administração & dosagem , Cetoprofeno/farmacocinética , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Nanocápsulas/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Rosa/químicaRESUMO
Glycine is an amino acid that has already been detected in space. It is relevant to estimate its resistance under cosmic radiation. In this way, a sublimate of glycine in α-form on KBr substrate was exposed in the laboratory to a 1.0 keV electron beam. The radiolysis study was performed at 40 K, 80 K, and 300 K sample temperatures. These temperatures were chosen to cover characteristics of the outer space environment. The evolution of glycine compaction and degradation was monitored in real time by infrared spectroscopy (Fourier-transform infrared) by investigation in the spectral ranges of 3500-2100, 1650-1200, and 950-750 cm-1. The compaction cross-section increases as the glycine temperature decreases. The glycine film thickness layer of â¼160 nm was depleted completely after â¼15 min at 300 K under irradiation with â¼1.4 µA beam current on the target, whereas the glycine depletion at 40 K and 80 K occurred after about 4 h under similar conditions. The destruction cross-section at room temperature is found to be (13.8 ± 0.2) × 10-17 cm2, that is, about 20 times higher than the values for glycine depletion at lower temperatures (<80 K). Emerging and vanishing peak absorbance related to OCN- and CO bands was observed in 2230-2100 cm-1 during the radiolysis at 40 K and 80 K. The same new IR bands appear in the range of 1600-1500, 1480-1370, and 1350-1200 cm-1 after total glycine depletion for all temperature configurations. A strong N-H deformation band growing at 1510 cm-1 was observed only at 300 K. Finally, the destruction cross-section associated to tholin decay at room temperature is estimated to be (1.30 ± 0.05) × 10-17 cm2. In addition, a correlation between the formation cross-sections for daughter and granddaughter molecules at 300 K is also obtained from the experimental data.
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Elétrons , Glicina/efeitos da radiação , Temperatura , Cristalografia por Raios X , Glicina/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A group of teachers from Northeast Brazil developed a model of membrane potentials and action potential and tested the hypothesis that using the peer-instruction model would provide a better performance for students in reading traditional texts and lectures. The results were obtained from 357 students from 20 different courses in 9 different undergraduate programs. All students attended two 100-min theoretical lecture and, at the end of the second lecture, were asked to answer a multiple-choice question (a pretest). In the following lecture, students were divided into three groups: control, text, and model. At the end of the lecture, everyone responded to a posttest. Student performance in the pretest did not differ significantly between groups. In the comparison between the pretest and the posttest, students in the model and text groups significantly improved their performance, but there was no improvement in the control group. In the posttest, the model group presented a better performance than the control group. In the evaluation of the strategies used, 46% of the students indicated that the text would be very useful to remind them about the subject in the future, whereas 80% of those who used the model indicated that it would be very useful or extremely useful. useful. Although it was not possible to support the hypothesis conclusively, the performance model group, at least in part, was due to the use of active methodologies that constitute a differential in the teaching-learning process.
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Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Ocupações em Saúde/educação , Potenciais da Membrana/fisiologia , Modelos Biológicos , Grupo Associado , Ensino , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: the objective of this study was to describe the frequency of cystic lesions in a Brazilian population of patients histopathologically diagnosed in the first and second decade of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from the archives of a Brazilian referral center between 1980 and 2016. RESULTS: A total of 2.114 biopsy records of pediatric patients were analyzed with oral and maxillofacial lesions. Data such as gender, age, anatomical location, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and categorized. Among all oral and maxillofacial lesions (n=2.114), were diagnosed 294 cases of odontogenic cysts (13.9%) and 16 cases of non-odontogenic cysts (0.8%). The most frequent lesions in each group were, respectively: radicular cyst (n=145) and epidermoid cyst (n=4). These lesions were most common in female (n=158), with a mean age of 14 years. For intraosseous lesions, the mandible (n=148) was the most affected anatomic site; moreover, the floor of the mouth (n=6) was most affected by cysts in soft tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Odontogenic cysts were relatively common in population studied, but non-odontogenic cysts were rare in these patients.
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Cistos não Odontogênicos/epidemiologia , Cistos Odontogênicos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The constituents of essential oils are widely found in foods and aromatic plants giving characteristic odor and flavor. However, pharmacological studies evidence its therapeutic potential for the treatment of several diseases and promising use as compounds with analgesic-like action. Considering that pain affects a significant part of the world population and the need for the development of new analgesics, this review reports on the current studies of essential oils' chemical constituents with analgesic-like activity, including a description of their mechanisms of action and chemical aspects.
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Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Analgésicos/química , Animais , Burseraceae/química , Alimentos , Humanos , Lamiaceae/química , Estrutura Molecular , Óleos Voláteis/químicaRESUMO
Abstract Drugs used in the treatment of depression can cross the placenta giving rise to questions regarding the effects these drugs exert on the fetus. Hypericum perforatum L., Hypericaceae, is a natural product used to treat depression. However, information about its toxicity and the occurrence of alterations in the central nervous system development of the offspring is scarce. This work assessed the behavior of adult male rats born from mothers treated with Hypericum extract during gestation and analyzed the fluorescence of the extract in different organs of mothers and fetuses. Male pups were divided into three treated groups, corresponding to the administration of the Hypericum extract to mothers at the dose levels of 36 mg/kg, 72 mg/kg and 144 mg/kg, and one control group in which the mothers received distilled water. At 90 days of age, the offspring underwent the following tests: rotarod, pentobarbital-induced sleep time, elevated plus maze, hole-board and forced swimming test. The observed fluorescence indicated the presence of the extract in all tissues analyzed. The obtained results suggest lasting changes in the performances displayed in the CNS, depression and anxiety tests, indicating that the use of Hypericum during gestation could interfere with the behavioral development of the offspring reducing anxiety and depression when they become adults. We suggest that these alterations are associated with the reprogramming of the brain regions related to changes in emotional reactivity.
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Shiitake mushroom consumption is increasing in Brazil. In addition to the implementation of new production methods, it is also important to increase productivity, quality and reduce production costs. In this study, six commercial Lentinula edodes strains were characterized for genetic diversity (rep-PCR analysis) and mushroom production (yield, number and weight of individual mushrooms) using different substrates and cultural conditions. All strains showed genetic differences by repetitive element palindromic based-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR). The richest substrate resulted in the greatest production under both environmental conditions. Strains LE4 and LE6 produced the majority of their mushrooms earlier than the other strains. The highest number of mushrooms was observed in the LE6 strain while the highest weights of individual mushrooms were observed in the LE4 strain. Controlled environmental conditions resulted in superior production for all strains, except for LE4, which had empirically greater yield in the semi-controlled environmental condition.
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Cultura Axênica/métodos , Cogumelos Shiitake/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cogumelos Shiitake/genética , Agricultura/métodos , Brasil , DNA Fúngico/análise , Variação Genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Cogumelos Shiitake/classificaçãoRESUMO
Pradosia huberi is a species found in the Amazon region and used as an antiulcerogenic and gastroprotective agent; however, phytochemical analysis has revealed the presence of compounds with potential toxic effects on the reproductive system. For the evaluation of the toxicity of P. huberi on male fertility, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: one control (distilled water p.o.) and three treated (hydroalcoholic extract of the stem bark of P. Huberi (PH-HAE) at doses of 1.22, 6.1, and 30.5 mg/kg p.o.) once daily, for 63 days. In the last week of treatment (from the 57th to the 63rd day), the rats were mated with untreated virgin females (n = 30/group) and were killed on day 64. To investigate the toxic potential of PH-HAE on the reproductive system of rats the following parameters were evaluated: sperm production, genotoxicity, and general development. The production of gametes and their morphology did not differ between control and treated groups. Treatment with PH-HAE did not result in fewer vaginal plugs formed, indicating that the ability to mate was not impaired, but caused an increase of 14.3 and 10.8% in the preimplantation loss index, a reduction of 14.3 and 10.8% in the implantation index, and a reduction of 5.6 and 8.2% in the postimplantation loss index of female rats mated with rats treated with 6.1 and 30.5 mg/kg, respectively, indicating a possible toxic action of PH-HAE on the reproductive system of rats.
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Genitália Masculina/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Sapotaceae/química , Animais , Feminino , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos Wistar , Espermatogênese/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
AIM: This was to assess mothers' attitudes towards dental caries in children aged 12-18 months. METHODS: This study targeted mothers of children aged 12-18 months. Data about demographic and socioeconomic status were collected by interviews with each mother. In addition, the mother was asked about her attitudes regarding caries in her child's primary teeth. A dental examination of each child was also conducted. Chi-square, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 262 mother-child pairs were included, and 18.7 % of the children had dental caries. If a child presented with dental caries in their primary teeth, 93.5 % of the mothers reported that they would take the child to a dentist. Mothers who had only one child and those who had children with dental caries were more likely to report that they did not expect primary dental caries treatment by the dentist. CONCLUSION: Most mothers reported that they would take their children to a dentist when they presented with dental caries. Despite this positive result, educational measures should continue to be emphasised, especially among mothers of children at a higher risk of caries and among first-time mothers.
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Atitude Frente a Saúde , Cárie Dentária/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Índice CPO , Assistência Odontológica/psicologia , Escolaridade , Família , Feminino , Humanos , Renda , Lactente , Masculino , Idade Materna , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mães/educação , Classe Social , Dente Decíduo/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The composition and genetic diversity of fungal populations during phase II of compost production for the cultivation of Agaricus subrufescens was determined using culture-dependent and -independent methods on days 3, 6, 10, 12, and 14 of phase II composting. The isolates were morphologically characterized and subsequently analyzed using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences (rep-PCR), and the intergenic region was sequenced to genetically identify the isolates. Changes on in the filamentous fungi population were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and the resulting bands were sequenced. The population did not significantly change from day 3 to 10 (2.55 x 10(5) -6 x 10(5) CFU g(-1)), and maximum counts on day 14 of phase II composting (6.92 log CFU g(-1)). In the morphological characterization, Scytalidium thermophilum, Thermomyces lanuginosus, and Thermomyces ibadanensis were the most abundant identified species. The 26 most abundant isolates identified by morphological analysis were characterized using rep-PCR. A significant amount of genetic diversity was detected among the isolates of all three studied species. Based on the DGGE analysis, the diversity of the fungi was reduced during phase II composting, and S. thermophilum was the predominant species identified throughout the entire process. Thus, this study presents the first report of the involvement of T. ibadanensis in the production of compost for Agaricus mushroom cultivation.
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Agaricus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biota , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/efeitos da radiação , Microbiologia do Solo , Solo , Análise por Conglomerados , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Eletroforese em Gel de Gradiente Desnaturante , Fungos/citologia , Fungos/genética , Genótipo , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , TemperaturaRESUMO
The search for alternative drugs capable of disrupting the inflammatory process has become an important issue in scientific research, especially with reference to the use of natural substances and the reduction of undesirable side effects. Essential oils represent an important source of such substances, since their active constituents often exhibit an array of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory activity. This review presents an overview of the anti-inflammatory action exerted by phenylpropanoids from essential oils and discusses possible mechanisms of action involved in the anti-inflammatory response, assessed through specific experimental models.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/química , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Óleos Voláteis/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/patologia , Produtos Biológicos/administração & dosagem , Cinamatos/química , Citocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade/patologia , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/imunologia , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Fenilalanina/químicaRESUMO
This study evaluated the predatory capacity of Euseius alatus (DeLeon) as a biological control agent of the pest mite Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) on coffee leaves under laboratory conditions, using arenas containing 25 O. ilicis per coffee (Coffea arabica) leaf to one specimen of each stage of the predator mite. The functional response and oviposition rate of adult females of E. alatus were evaluated on coffee leaf arenas and offered from 1 to 125 immature stages of O. ilicis per arena. The number of preys killed and the number of eggs laid by the predator were evaluated every 24 h during 8 days. The preys consumed were daily replaced. Male and female adults of E. alatus were the most efficient in killing all developmental stages of O. ilicis. Larvae and nymphs of O. ilicis were the most consumed by all stages of the predatory mite. The functional response and oviposition rates of E. alatus increased as the prey density increased, with a positive and highly significant correlation. Regression analysis suggested a type II functional response, with a maximum predation of 22 O. ilicis/arena and a maximum oviposition rate of 1.7 eggs/day at a density of 70 O. ilicis/arena.