RESUMO
To attend to the growing world demand for mushrooms, it is interesting to increase the system's productivity, improve quality and reduce production costs. This study aimed to optimize the production and quality of fruiting bodies of the edible and medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes (shiitake), in agroresidues substrate using appropriate strain and spawn formulation. The evaluation was conducted using two strains under seven different spawn formulations (Control [C]: Sorghum grain + 2.5% CaCO3; (2) C + 2.5% sawdust; (T3) C + 5% sawdust; (T4) C + 2.5% peat; (T5) C + 5% peat; (T6) C + 1.25% sawdust + 1.25% peat; (T7) C + 2.5% sawdust + 2.5% peat) that were inoculated into the blocks at a proportion of 2% (w/w). The substrate was formulated with 63% rice straw, 20% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, and 2% CaCO3 and sterilized. The incubation period was 87 days. Two flushes were obtained. Adding small aliquots of peat and sawdust to the inoculum gave significantly higher morphological results than the control in all variables analyzed. The days required for the first harvest ranged from 87 to 94 days. The average weight of basidiomes ranged from 6.38 to 28.75 g. The productivity data show superior results for the treatments in which the spawn was supplemented with sawdust and peat. Enhanced bioconversion with supplemented spawn shows promises for yield and composition improvement, crucial for commercial viability. It can be concluded that shiitake production using agroresidues such as straw can be increased using a suitable strain/spawn for optimal production.
Assuntos
Agaricales , Oryza , Cogumelos Shiitake , Agricultura/métodos , Cogumelos Shiitake/química , SoloRESUMO
Mushrooms are capable of bioconverting organic residues into food. Understanding the relationship between high-quality yields and substrate biomass from these residues is critical for mushroom farms when choosing new strains. The objective of this exploratory study was, therefore, to analyze whether exotic mushrooms, namely, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, and Agrocybe aegerita, could biologically convert the substrate into edible mushrooms as effectively as Lentinula edodes (baseline). Five experiments were carried out. Biological efficiency, biodegradability coefficient, mass balance and chemical characterization of the substrate were evaluated. Strategically hydrating the sawdust enabled L. edodes to achieve the greatest biodegradability and biological efficiency of 0.5 and 94.2 kg dt-1, respectively. The values for L. edodes on wheat straw without hydration were 0.2 and 68.8 kg dt-1, respectively. From 1000 kg of fresh substrate, P. eryngii produced 150.1 kg of edible mushrooms, making it technically competitive with L. edodes on wheat straw (195.9 kg). Hence, P. eryngii was the most reliable option for scaling among the exotic mushrooms. The analytical insights from our study provide further knowledge to advance the field's prominence in high-throughput mushroom-producing systems, particularly for exotic mushrooms.
RESUMO
This study aimed to propose an eco-compatible strategy to mitigate the possible environmental contamination caused by tebuthiuron. Therefore, we screened potential tebuthiuron-degrading microorganisms from conventional (CS) and no-till (NTS) systems producing sugarcane. Then, they were bioprospected for their ability of decomposing the target-molecule at 2.48 mmol g-1 and 4.96 mmol g-1 into CO2 via respirometry. Integrating microbiota from CS and NTS into an advantageously synergistic bacterial pool produced the highest specific-growth rate of CO2 of 89.60 mg day-1, so outstripped the other inoculum. The bacterial CN-NTS framework notably stabilized the sigmoidal Gompertz curve on microbial degradation earliest and enabled the seeds of Lactuca sativa to germinate healthiest throughout ecotoxicological bioassay for cross-validation. Our study is preliminary, but timely to provide knowledge of particular relevance to progress in the field's prominence in remediating terrestrial ecosystems where residual tebuthiuron can persist and contaminate. The analytical insights will act as an opening of solutions to develop high-throughput biotechnological strategies for environmental decontamination.