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BACKGROUND: Males have higher weight and length at birth than females. AIM: To verify the influence of the Y chromosome and the action of intrauterine androgens on weight and length at birth of children with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and retrospective study. Patients with Turner syndrome (TS), complete (XX and XY), mixed (45,X/46,XY) and partial (XY) gonadal dysgenesis (GD), complete (CAIS) and partial (PAIS) androgen insensitivity syndromes and XX and XY congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were included. Weight and length at birth were evaluated. RESULTS: Weight and length at birth were lower in TS and mixed GD when compared to XY and XX DSD cases. In turn, patients with increased androgen action (117 cases) had higher weight and length at birth when compared to those with absent (108 cases) and decreased (68 cases) production/action. In birthweight, there was a negative influence of the 45,X/46,XY karyotype and a positive influence of increased androgen and gestational age. In birth length, there was a negative influence of the 45,X and 45,X/46,XY karyotypes and also a positive influence of increased androgen and gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: The sex dimorphism of weight and length at birth could possibly be influenced by intrauterine androgenic action.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Resistência a Andrógenos , Androgênios , Masculino , Criança , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Caracteres Sexuais , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Malunion is one of the possible complications, and corrective surgery is often used to avoid long-term disability. However, few studies address medial malleolus malunion and the best revision surgery technique is controversial. We describe a new surgical technique, the "box resection". MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present two cases of medial malleolus malunion with secondary talus lateral translation and syndesmotic incongruence. In order to restore a congruent tibiotalar joint, we performed the described technique. RESULTS: We record significant improvement of AOFAS Score and range of motion in both cases, with resolution of pain symptoms. Postoperative radiographs show a congruent mortise with syndesmosis reduction. CONCLUSION: The box resection allowed immediate talus medial translation to its original position. It is a simple and effective solution, with a good functional outcome.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La consolidación viciosa del maléolo interno es una posible complicación en las fracturas maleolares. Su tratamiento es difícil y controvertido, por el momento no hay una solución estándar. Proponemos una nueva técnica quirúrgica para el tratamiento de estos casos que denominamos "resección en caja". MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Presentamos dos casos de consolidación viciosa del maléolo interno, asociados con traslación lateral del astrágalo y incongruencia de la sindesmosis, donde aplicamos la técnica quirúrgica descrita. RESULTADOS: En ambos casos, obtuvimos una mejora significativa en el puntaje AOFAS y en el rango de movilidad, así como en la resolución de las molestias por dolor. Las radiografías muestran mortajas congruentes y anatómicas, con una reducción satisfactoria de la sindesmosis. CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica de "resección en caja" es simple y eficaz produciendo un buen resultado clínico y funcional.
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Fraturas do Tornozelo , Traumatismos do Tornozelo , Fraturas do Tornozelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas do Tornozelo/cirurgia , Articulação do Tornozelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Tornozelo/cirurgia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Humanos , Tíbia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Physical inactivity is one of the main causes of chronic diseases; however, strenuous exercise can induce immunosuppression. Several studies suggest that moderate amounts of exercise lead to a Th1 response, favoring the resolution of infections caused by intracellular microorganisms, while high volumes of exercise tend to direct the response to Th2, favoring infection by them. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease promoted by parasites of the Leishmania genus, with clinical manifestations that vary according to the species of the parasite and the immune response of the host. The experimental Leishmania major-BALB/C mouse model provides a good model for the resistance (Th1 response) or susceptibility (Th2 response) that determines the progression of this infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training at different volumes on modulation of in vitro macrophage infection by L. major, as well as to assess the effect of high volume (HV) aerobic training on the development of L. major in vivo in BALB/c mice. Uninfected animals were submitted to various exercise volumes: none (SED), light (LV), moderate (MV), high (HV), very high (VHV), and tapering (TAP). The macrophages of these animals were infected by L. major and the LV and MV groups showed a decrease in the infection factor, while the VHV showed an increase in the infection factor, when treated with LPS. The cytokine concentration pattern measured in the supernatants of these macrophages suggested a predominant Th1 response profile in the LV and MV groups, while the Th2 profile predominated in the VHV and TAP groups. Groups of BALB/C mice infected with L. major were subjected to high volume (iHV) or non-periodized high volume (iNPHV) exercise or kept sedentary (iSED). The exercised animals suffered a significant increase in injuries caused by the parasites. The animals in the group submitted to high volume exercise (iHV) showed visceralization of the infection. These data strongly suggest that a very high volume of aerobic training increased the susceptibility of BALB/C mice to L. major infection, while moderate distribution of training loads promoted immunological balance, better controlling the infection by this parasite.
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Adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. The number of this phenomenon is increasing every year. One of the reasons for this worsening is the use of substances. This research aimed to discuss adolescent pregnancy due to chemical health risks by inadequate conduct. The method applied consisted of a cross-sectional, observational design study associated with a survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, carried out in 42 preg-nant adolescents aged 12-18 years in a large public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. A structured questionnaire was applied at their prenatal visit from November 2017 to October 2018. Descriptive tables were prepared using frequencies in absolute numbers and percentages. 11 pregnant adolescents (26.19%) reported smoking 7 ciga-rettes per day (SD=4.51), ranging from 5 to 45 cigarettes/day. Concerning alcohol intake, 16 adolescents (38.09%) admitted to drinking at least one occasion during pregnancy, and 8 (19.05%) in abusive form. Regarding other types of drugs (marijuana, cocaine, crack), 12 (28.57%) admitted to having used them during pregnancy, and 3 (7.14%) of these reported injecting drug use. 7 adolescents (16.66%) had a relationship with an injecting drug user partner. The survey results show that the use of illicit drugs by the pregnant adolescents interviewed was 4 times higher than the prevalence recorded in the literature for people aged 12 to 17 years. In the case of cigarette use, this difference was also observed, reaching 20 percentage point. (AU)
A gravidez na adolescência é um problema de saúde pública mundial. O número desse fenômeno está aumentan-do a cada ano. Uma das razões para esse agravamento é o uso de substâncias. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo discutir a gravidez na adolescência e o risco químico à saúde de comportamentos inadequados. O método aplicado consistiu em um estudo transversal de desenho observacional associado ao levantamento de conhecimentos, atitu-des e práticas realizado em 42 adolescentes grávidas de 12 a 18 anos em uma maternidade pública de grande porte no Rio de Janeiro. Foi aplicado questionário estruturado na consulta pré-natal de novembro de 2017 a outubro de 2018. Foram elaboradas tabelas descritivas com frequências em números absolutos e percentuais. 11 adolescentes (26,19%) relataram ter fumado 7 cigarros por dia (DP = 4,51), com variação de 5 a 45 cigarros / dia. Em relação ao consumo de álcool, 16 (38,09%) admitiram ter bebido pelo menos uma vez durante a gravidez e 8 (19,05%) de forma abusiva. Em relação aos outros tipos de drogas, 12 (28,57%) admitiram ter consumido durante a gravidez e 3 (7,14%) delas relataram uso de drogas intravenosas. 7 (16,66%) relacionavam-se com outro usuário de drogas injetáveis. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o uso de drogas ilícitas pelas adolescentes grávidas entrevista-das foi 4 vezes maior do que a prevalência registrada na literatura para pessoas de 12 a 17 anos. No caso do uso de cigarro, essa diferença também foi observada, chegando a 20 pontos percentuais. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Gravidez na Adolescência , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Assunção de Riscos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Risco à Saúde Humana , Usuários de DrogasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effect of several factors on the uptake of tetanus vaccination in pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the global literature. METHODS: The search strategy was carried out in the EMBASE and MEDLINE (Pubmed) databases, without language restrictions. The databases were searched from the beginning until May 2020. Fixed and random effect models were applied according to the methodological heterogeneity between the included studies. The I2 test was performed to assess the magnitude of the heterogeneity. The results were presented as a grouped odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The initial search strategy generated 14,349 original articles. In total, 31 studies met all inclusion criteria and 20 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The grouped and subgroup analyses showed a significant association between tetanus vaccination and the following factors: higher number of prenatal visits (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.17-3.42), higher maternal age (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02-1.50), being single (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20-1.65), professional vaccine guidance (OR: 9.00; 95% CI: 1.81-44.75) and uptake of influenza vaccine (OR: 5.87; 95% CI: 1.39-24.73). CONCLUSIONS: The uptake of tetanus vaccine in pregnant women is associated with various factors. The identification of these factors is an important step towards the implementation of public health strategies aimed at improving immunisation against tetanus in pregnant women.
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Vacinas contra Influenza , Tétano , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Gestantes , Tétano/prevenção & controle , Toxoide Tetânico , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Abstract: Introduction: Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Malunion is one of the possible complications, and corrective surgery is often used to avoid long-term disability. However, few studies address medial malleolus malunion and the best revision surgery technique is controversial. We describe a new surgical technique, the «box resection¼. Material and methods: We present two cases of medial malleolus malunion with secondary talus lateral translation and syndesmotic incongruence. In order to restore a congruent tibiotalar joint, we performed the described technique. Results: We record significant improvement of AOFAS Score and range of motion in both cases, with resolution of pain symptoms. Postoperative radiographs show a congruent mortise with syndesmosis reduction. Conclusion: The box resection allowed immediate talus medial translation to its original position. It is a simple and effective solution, with a good functional outcome.
Resumen: Introducción: La consolidación viciosa del maléolo interno es una posible complicación en las fracturas maleolares. Su tratamiento es difícil y controvertido, por el momento no hay una solución estándar. Proponemos una nueva técnica quirúrgica para el tratamiento de estos casos que denominamos «resección en caja¼. Material y métodos: Presentamos dos casos de consolidación viciosa del maléolo interno, asociados con traslación lateral del astrágalo y incongruencia de la sindesmosis, donde aplicamos la técnica quirúrgica descrita. Resultados: En ambos casos, obtuvimos una mejora significativa en el puntaje AOFAS y en el rango de movilidad, así como en la resolución de las molestias por dolor. Las radiografías muestran mortajas congruentes y anatómicas, con una reducción satisfactoria de la sindesmosis. Conclusión: La técnica de «resección en caja¼ es simple y eficaz produciendo un buen resultado clínico y funcional.
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We investigated changes in oxidative biomarkers in brain regions such as brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex of 3-, 6-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month-old rats. We also assessed the effects of low-intensity exercise on these biomarkers in these regions of 6-, 18-, and 24-month-old rats that started exercise on a treadmill at 3, 15, and 21 months of age, respectively. Radiographic images of the femur were taken for all rats. A total of 25 rats (age: twelve 6-, ten 18-, ten 24-, and three 30-month-old rats) were used. Lipid hydroperoxide levels increased in cerebellum at 18 months. Total antioxidant activity exhibited lowest values in brainstem at 3 months. Superoxide dismutase activity did not exhibit significant changes during aging. Total thiol content exhibited lowest values in brain regions of 24- and 30-month-old rats. Exercise reduced total thiol content in brainstem at 6 months, but no change occurred in other regions and other ages. Femur increased its length and width and cortical thickness with advancing age. No change occurred in medullary width. Radiolucency increased and sclerosis was found in cortical and medullary bone with advancing age. Exercise reduced radiolucency and medullary sclerosis. Therefore, aging differentially changed oxidative biomarkers in different brain regions and radiographic measures of the femur. Low-intensity exercise only ameliorated some radiographic measurements of femur. Since the present study possessed limitations (small number of rats per group), a beneficial effect of regular low-intensity exercise on oxidative markers in brain cannot be ruled out.
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Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Peróxidos Lipídicos/análise , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Fêmur/química , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Oxirredução , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
AIM: The object of this study is to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of caregivers of individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP). METHODS: Ninety-eight caregivers of individuals with CP (SG) and 196 caregivers of individuals without special needs (CG) completed the reduced version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). In addition, a questionnaire with demographic and socioeconomic questions was used. Groups were matched according to gender, schooling and family income. Fisher's exact tests, Chi square and Mann-Whitney, and bi/multivariate logistic regression were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The impact on OHRQoL was similar for SG and CG (OHIP-14 total score). For SG, the high negative impact was in the following OHIP domains: "Functional limitation", "Physical disability", "Psychological incapacity" and "Disadvantages". For SG, a higher number of caregivers was single, unemployed, received government financial aid. There was a statistically significant association between the number of children a caregiver has and a negative impact on OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: Being a caregiver of children with or without CP had a negative impact of similar magnitude on ORHQoL. The negative impact on OHRQoL of caregivers of children with CP was associated with having a high number of children; the higher the number of children, the greater the negative impact on their OHRQoL.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral , Qualidade de Vida , Cuidadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Humanos , Saúde Bucal , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
We investigated changes in oxidative biomarkers in brain regions such as brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex of 3-, 6-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month-old rats. We also assessed the effects of low-intensity exercise on these biomarkers in these regions of 6-, 18-, and 24-month-old rats that started exercise on a treadmill at 3, 15, and 21 months of age, respectively. Radiographic images of the femur were taken for all rats. A total of 25 rats (age: twelve 6-, ten 18-, ten 24-, and three 30-month-old rats) were used. Lipid hydroperoxide levels increased in cerebellum at 18 months. Total antioxidant activity exhibited lowest values in brainstem at 3 months. Superoxide dismutase activity did not exhibit significant changes during aging. Total thiol content exhibited lowest values in brain regions of 24- and 30-month-old rats. Exercise reduced total thiol content in brainstem at 6 months, but no change occurred in other regions and other ages. Femur increased its length and width and cortical thickness with advancing age. No change occurred in medullary width. Radiolucency increased and sclerosis was found in cortical and medullary bone with advancing age. Exercise reduced radiolucency and medullary sclerosis. Therefore, aging differentially changed oxidative biomarkers in different brain regions and radiographic measures of the femur. Low-intensity exercise only ameliorated some radiographic measurements of femur. Since the present study possessed limitations (small number of rats per group), a beneficial effect of regular low-intensity exercise on oxidative markers in brain cannot be ruled out.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Peróxidos Lipídicos/análise , Oxirredução , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/análise , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Ratos Wistar , Fêmur/químicaRESUMO
Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is habitually ingested by people in the Amazon region and is a key ingredient in various energy drinks consumed worldwide. Extension in longevity and low prevalence of chronic age-related diseases have been associated to habitual intake of guarana. Anti-aging potential of guarana was also demonstrated in Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the mechanisms involved in its effects are not clear. Herein, we investigated the putative pathways that regulate the effects of guarana ethanolic extract (GEE) on lifespan using C. elegans. The major known longevity pathways were analyzed through mutant worms and RT-qPCR assay (DAF-2, DAF-16, SKN-1, SIR-2.1, HSF-1). The possible involvement of purinergic signaling was also investigated. This study demonstrated that GEE acts through antioxidant activity, DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 pathways, and human adenosine receptor ortholog (ADOR-1) to extend lifespan. GEE also downregulated skn-1, daf-16, sir-2.1 and hsp-16.2 in 9-day-old C. elegans, which might reflect less need to activate these protective genes due to direct antioxidant effects. Our results contribute to the comprehension of guarana effects in vivo, which might be helpful to prevent or treat aging-associated disorders, and also suggest purinergic signaling as a plausible therapeutic target for longevity studies.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Paullinia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiologia , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) foam in the treatment of low-flow venous malformations in the head and neck region. Seventeen consecutive patients (six male, 11 female) and 34 low-flow venous malformations were enrolled. The vascular anomalies ranged between 20mm and 80mm in size. The typical clinical indication was a swelling (88.2%) with a purple colour (85.3%); the most frequent location was the tongue (23.5%). Ethanolamine oleate foam was produced via the Tessari method and applied at 10mg per 1cm to the vascular anomalies. This process resulted in the highest clinical healing score in 64.7% of cases, and half of the patients reported a high level of satisfaction (score >9). In the majority of cases (88.2%), the patients reported that the pain immediately postoperative was mild or moderate. There were direct relationships between vascular anomaly size and the volume of EO applied, the number of sessions, and healing (P<0.05). No recurrence was observed during 6 months of follow-up. This case series showed the effectiveness and safety of 5% EO foam for the treatment of venous malformations in the head and neck region.
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Malformações Arteriovenosas/terapia , Cabeça/irrigação sanguínea , Pescoço/irrigação sanguínea , Ácidos Oleicos/uso terapêutico , Soluções Esclerosantes/uso terapêutico , Escleroterapia/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is habitually ingested by people in the Amazon region and is a key ingredient in various energy drinks consumed worldwide. Extension in longevity and low prevalence of chronic age-related diseases have been associated to habitual intake of guarana. Anti-aging potential of guarana was also demonstrated in Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the mechanisms involved in its effects are not clear. Herein, we investigated the putative pathways that regulate the effects of guarana ethanolic extract (GEE) on lifespan using C. elegans. The major known longevity pathways were analyzed through mutant worms and RT-qPCR assay (DAF-2, DAF-16, SKN-1, SIR-2.1, HSF-1). The possible involvement of purinergic signaling was also investigated. This study demonstrated that GEE acts through antioxidant activity, DAF-16, HSF-1, and SKN-1 pathways, and human adenosine receptor ortholog (ADOR-1) to extend lifespan. GEE also downregulated skn-1, daf-16, sir-2.1 and hsp-16.2 in 9-day-old C. elegans, which might reflect less need to activate these protective genes due to direct antioxidant effects. Our results contribute to the comprehension of guarana effects in vivo, which might be helpful to prevent or treat aging-associated disorders, and also suggest purinergic signaling as a plausible therapeutic target for longevity studies.
Assuntos
Animais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Caenorhabditis elegans/efeitos dos fármacos , Paullinia/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Vitamin C is usually quantified by titrimetric or chromatographic methods. However, these methods have limitations: food color interferes with the titrimetric method and the chromatographic method is costly. The aim of this study was to compare a spectrophotometric method, based on reduction of cupric ions in the presence of cuproine complex, with a titrimetric method, based on reduction of 2,6-dicholorophenolindophenol. Linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were evaluated using a standard vitamin C solution. Both methods were also applied for AA quantification in industrialized orange and pineapple juices. The methods were precise and accurate when applied to the standard solution. The spectrophotometric method was more sensitive, with lower values for LOD (0.002mgmL-1) and LOQ (0.010mgmL-1), and more accurate with error less than 5% while results from the titrimetric method were affected by the juice color, which generated errors in excess of 15%.
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Ananas , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Técnicas de Química Analítica/métodos , Citrus sinensis , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Técnicas de Química Analítica/normas , Limite de Detecção , Espectrofotometria/métodos , Espectrofotometria/normas , Titulometria/métodos , Titulometria/normasRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the following: (i) the quantity of free chlorine in mixtures of equal proportions of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with trisodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTAHNa3 ) and alkaline tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTANa4 ); (ii) organic matter dissolution; and (iii) the time necessary to remove the smear layer by these irrigants alone and when mixed. METHODOLOGY: The solutions were mixed in a 1 : 1 ratio and then iodometrically titrated over time to determine the quantity of free available chlorine. The capability of organic matter dissolution by the solutions alone and the mixtures of irrigants was analysed by weighing bovine muscle tissue specimens before and after submission to the following groups (n = 10): G1 - 0.9% saline solution (control), G2 - 2.5% NaOCl, G3 - 17% EDTAHNa3 , G4 - 10% EDTANa4 , G5 - 20% EDTANa4 , G6 - 5% NaOCl + 17% EDTAHNa3 , G7 - 5% NaOCl + 10% EDTANa4 and G8 - 5% NaOCl + 20% EDTANa4 . The times necessary for smear layer removal were determinated on discs of bovine dentine with a standardized smear layer produced with SiC papers using a scanning electron microscope that did not require the samples to be sputter coated. The dentine discs were submitted to the same experimental groups previously described (n = 10) over several time periods, and the photomicrographs acquired were scored for the presence of smear layer. The parametric data of tissue dissolution were analysed using two-way anova and one-way anova with Tukey's post hoc tests (α < 0.05), whilst nonparametric data of smear layer removal were analysed by Friedman test (α < 0.05) and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc (α < 0.05). RESULTS: EDTAHNa3 caused an almost complete and immediate loss of free available chlorine from NaOCl, whilst EDTANa4 promoted a slow and concentrat-ion-dependent decline. The organic matter was not dissolved in the control group, EDTA groups or the mixture of NaOCl + 17% EDTAHNa3 group (P > 0.05). NaOCl alone and the associations of NaOCl + EDTANa4 dissolved tissue at all periods analysed (P < 0.05). The smear layer was not removed in the control and NaOCl groups (P > 0.05). The smear layer was removed at 1 min in the NaOCl + 17% EDTAHNa3 group (P < 0.05); 2 min in 17% EDTAHNa3 group (P < 0.05); and 5 min in 10% EDTANa4 , 20% EDTANa4 , 5% NaOCl + 10% EDTANa4 and 5% NaOCl + 20% EDTANa4 groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Alkaline EDTANa4 was slower in removing the smear layer than EDTAHNa3 , but when mixed with NaOCl during biomechanical canal preparation promoted organic matter dissolution and smear layer removal simultaneously. However, the mixing of NaOCl and EDTANa4 should be performed immediately before use to prevent the reduction of free available chlorine.
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Quelantes de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Ácido Edético/administração & dosagem , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/administração & dosagem , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Camada de Esfregaço , Hipoclorito de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Animais , Quelantes de Cálcio/química , Bovinos , Ácido Edético/química , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/química , Hipoclorito de Sódio/químicaRESUMO
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of partially replacing dietary ground corn with a microalgae meal from Prototheca moriformis (composed of deoiled microalgae and soyhulls) on milk yield and composition, nutrient intake, total-tract apparent digestibility, and blood profile of lactating dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows (57.7±49.4d in milk, 25.3±5.3 of milk yield, and 590±71kg of live weight at the start of experiment, mean ± standard deviation) were used in a cross-over design experiment, with 21-d periods. Diets were no microalgae meal (CON) or 91.8g/kg of microalgae meal partially replacing dietary ground corn (ALG). Cows showed similar milk yield and composition. The 3.5% fat-corrected milk production was 30.2±1.34kg/d for CON and 31.1±1.42kg/d for ALG. Despite cows having similar dry matter intake, ALG increased neutral detergent fiber and ether extract intake. In addition, cows fed ALG exhibited higher ether extract digestibility. No differences were detected in glucose, urea, amino-aspartate transferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase blood concentrations. Feeding ALG increased the total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein in blood compared with CON. The microalgae meal may partially replace ground corn in diets of lactating cows without impairing the animal's performance.
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Leite/metabolismo , Zea mays , Ração Animal , Animais , Bovinos , Dieta/veterinária , Digestão , Feminino , Lactação , Metaboloma , Rúmen/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: To determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of human sapovirus (SaV) in both wastewater and stool samples in a 3-year (2012-2014) surveillance study performed in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 156 wastewater and 341 stool samples were analysed using quantitative real-time PCR. SaV was detected in 3·5% (12/341) in stool samples with virus load concentrations ranging from 10(4) to 10(9) genome copies per gram (gc g(-1) ), and in 33·0% (51/156) wastewater samples, with range concentration varying from 10(4) to 10(6) gc l(-1) . Partial genome sequencing of wastewater and stool samples revealed the circulation of genotypes GI.1, GI.2, GI.6, GII.1 and GV.1. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the prevalence of human SaV in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases and revealed, for the first time, the environmental dissemination of those viruses in Brazil. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: SaV diagnosis should be considered in hospitalized children with AGE and the higher positive rate detection in environmental samples suggests that SaV infection could be underestimated or associated with asymptomatic cases.
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Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Sapovirus/isolamento & purificação , Águas Residuárias/virologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Sapovirus/classificação , Sapovirus/genéticaRESUMO
Beta Secondary Standard 2 (BSS 2) provides beta radiation fields with certified values of absorbed dose to tissue and the derived operational radiation protection quantities. As part of the quality assurance, the reliability of the CDTN BSS2 system was verified through measurements in the 90Sr/90Y and 85Kr beta radiation fields. Absorbed dose rates and their angular variation were measured with a 23392 model PTW extrapolation chamber and with Gafchromic radiochromic films on a PMMA slab phantom. The feasibility of using both methods was analyzed.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have indicated the lack of breast feeding as a risk factor associated with later development of inflammatory bowel disease. Nevertheless, the repercussion of little feeding during suckling on large intestine inflammatory response and anti-oxidant resources has not yet been completely understood. This study hypothesized that unfavorable lactation is able to induce oxidative stress and release of inflammatory mediators modifying the integrity of the colon epithelium in weanling rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were reared under different early nutritional conditions according to litter size in two groups: N6 (6 pups/dam) and N15 (15 pups/dam) until the 25th postnatal day. The distal colon was removed and processed for biochemical, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analyzes. Lipoperoxidation, nitric oxide (NO), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins-1ß, 4 and 10 (IL-1ß; IL-4; IL-10) levels, and total superoxide dismutase (tSOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were assessed. Morphometric analysis was carried out using paraffin sections and wholemount myenteric plexus preparations. KEY RESULTS: Increased lipoperoxidation, NO, TNF-α and IL-1b levels, reduced tSOD and increased CAT activities were found in the N15 compared to N6 group. No intergroup difference was detected for IL-10, while lower levels of IL-4, GSH and GSSG and lower neuronal size and density were induced by undernutrition. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: Reduced feeding during suckling changed the inflammatory response and oxidative status in the colon of weanling rats. These data suggest potential mechanisms by which malnutrition early in life may increase the vulnerability of the large intestine to insults.
Assuntos
Colo/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lactação/metabolismo , Desnutrição/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Glutationa/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
UNLABELLED: We investigated the presence of the yeast Dekkera bruxellensis in samples collected at three points surrounding the industrial alcoholic fermentation plants of two distilleries where there are often cases of contamination caused by this yeast: this involved sugar cane wash water, feeding sugar cane juice and vinasse from the treatment pond. Total yeast was isolated in WLN medium with bromocresol green and cycloheximide and further selected on the basis of its ability to grow in synthetic medium containing nitrate. Following this, colonies were selected from the distribution on nitrate plates and identified by amplification with species-specific primers and DNA sequencing of the 26S-D1/D2 locus. The results showed that D. bruxellensis is introduced through the feeding substrate, which suggests that its cells originated with the harvested cane. Subsequently, its population circulates as a result of the reuse of water for washing the cane, in a continuous re-inoculation of the plant with yeasts. Furthermore, the yeast population is formed in the vinasse by the addition of wash water into the treatment ponds and then reintroduced to the culture fields by fertigation, so that the process can be renewed in the following season. It is now possible to adopt sanitation procedures that can prevent the entry of the contamination to the fermentation process. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The presence of the yeast Dekkera bruxellensis is sometimes attributed to a decline in the industrial productivity of ethanol since it has a more limited fermentation capacity than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although its adaptability to the industrial environment has been noted, so far, there has been no evidence to determine the source of this contamination. In this study, we provide evidence to show that D. bruxellensis comes from the fields together with the harvested cane and is then accumulated and recirculated. It might be possible to prevent the accumulation of this yeast by carrying out sanitation controls during the harvesting season.
Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Dekkera/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dekkera/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Saccharum/microbiologia , Dekkera/genética , Fermentação/fisiologia , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Nitratos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
Internal dosimetry intercomparisons are essential for the verification of applied models and the consistency of results'. To that aim, the First Regional Intercomparison was organised in 2005, and that results led to the Second Regional Intercomparison Exercise in 2013, which was organised in the frame of the RLA 9/066 and coordinated by Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear of Argentina. Four simulated cases covering intakes of (131)I, (137)Cs and Tritium were proposed. Ninteen centres from thirteen different countries participated in this exercise. This paper analyses the participants' results in this second exercise in order to test their skills and acquired knowledge, particularly in the application of the IDEAS Guidelines. It is important to highlight the increased number of countries that participated in this exercise compared with the first one and, furthermore, the improvement in the overall performance. The impact of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Projects since 2003 has led to a significant enhancement of internal dosimetry capabilities that strengthen the radiation protection of workers.