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1.
Sports Med ; 48(8): 1859-1873, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29721839

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although compression garments are used to improve sports performance, methodological approaches and the direction of evidence regarding garments for use in high-intensity exercise settings are diverse. OBJECTIVES: Our primary aim was to summarize the association between lower-limb compression garments (LLCGs) and changes in sports performance during high-intensity exercise. We also aimed to summarize evidence about the following physiological parameters related to sports performance: vertical jump height (VJ), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), submaximal oxygen uptake (VO2submax), blood lactate concentrations ([La]), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE, 6-20 Borg scale). METHODS: We searched electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov) and reference lists for previous reviews. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials with athletes or physically active subjects (≥ 18 years) using any type of LLCG during high-intensity exercise. The results were described as weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: The 23 included studies showed low statistical heterogeneity for the pooled outcomes. We found that LLCGs yielded similar running performance to controls (50-400 m: WMD 0.06 s [95% CI - 1.99 to 2.11]; 800-3000 m: WMD 6.10 s [95% CI - 7.23 to 19.43]; > 5000 m: WMD 1.01 s [95% CI - 84.80 to 86.82]). Likewise, we found no evidence that LLCGs were superior in secondary outcomes (VJ: WMD 2.25 cm [95% CI - 2.51 to 7.02]; VO2max: WMD 0.24 mL.kg-1.min-1 [95% CI - 1.48 to 1.95]; VO2submax: WMD - 0.26 mL.kg-1.min-1 [95% CI - 2.66 to 2.14]; [La]: WMD 0.19 mmol/L [95% CI - 0.22 to 0.60]; RPE: WMD - 0.20 points [95% CI - 0.48 to 0.08]). CONCLUSIONS: LLCGs were not associated with improved performance in VJ, VO2max, VO2submax, [La], or RPE during high-intensity exercise. Such evidence should be taken into account when considering using LLCGs to enhance running performance.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Exercício Físico , Meias de Compressão , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior , Masculino , Corrida , Adulto Jovem
2.
Trials ; 18(1): 489, 2017 Oct 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29058628

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs due to sleep-induced upper airway muscle relaxation resulting in increased pharyngeal collapsibility. Clinical trials have shown a favorable effect of exercise training on OSA severity in middle-aged adults. Aging is characterized by motor-unit loss. Force training may affect the whole body muscle tone. We hypothesize that interventions increasing muscle strength might propagate to motor units at the abductor pharyngeal muscles, reducing collapsibility and, hence, sleep apnea severity in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a randomized clinical trial including patients between 65 and 80 years of age, with obstructive sleep apnea, and an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) between 20 and 50 events/hour, diagnosed by out-of-center in-home type III polysomnography. Forty subjects will be included and randomly assigned to two equal sized groups. The participants allocated to the intervention group will attend two sessions per week of one-hour strength training for the legs, arms, chest, back, and abdomen and the controls will receive advice on lifestyle change. The primary outcome measure of the study will be the change in apnea-hypopnea index and the secondary outcomes will be the body composition, evaluated by anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance variables; maximum dynamic force, appraised by one-repetition maximum strength test; muscle quality and thickness by ultrasound; physical function assessed by sit-to-stand test, timed up and go test, handgrip strength test. The study duration will be 12 weeks. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed. DISCUSSION: The high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in elderly people is a public health issue. OSA is a recognized cause of cardiovascular disease and reduces quality of life due to sleepiness and fatigue. Exercise is a low-cost intervention that could help to detain the trend towards age-dependent loss of pharyngeal motor units and progressive severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Home-based strength exercises may represent a more practical approach than aerobic exercise for elderly patients. If the results confirm our hypothesis, further research on the clinical application of our findings will be warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02742792 . Registered on 1 April 2016.


Assuntos
Força Muscular , Músculos Faríngeos/fisiopatologia , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/terapia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento , Composição Corporal , Brasil , Protocolos Clínicos , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Análise de Intenção de Tratamento , Masculino , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Projetos de Pesquisa , Treinamento Resistido/efeitos adversos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/diagnóstico , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Sleep Breath ; 16(1): 89-94, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21210233

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects up to 30% of the adult population and is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The diagnostic process, involving polysomnography, may be complex. Berlin questionnaire (BQ) is a validated and economical screening tool. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the BQ for the diagnosis of OSA in individuals with angina complaints. METHODS: Patients undergoing diagnostic cineangiography, portable type III polysomnography to determine the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and who answered the BQ were included. We excluded patients older than 65 years that were smokers, diabetics, and morbidly obese. High risk for OSA was based on positive responses in two of three symptom criteria of the BQ. CAD was defined by the presence of >50% lesion in coronary arteries. RESULTS: In 57 included cases, high risk in the BQ indicates significant odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for the presence of CAD (4.5[1.03-19.25], P = 0.045), adjusted for usual confounders: gender, age, and body mass index. The sensitivity and the specificity of BQ for CAD were 70% and 48%, respectively; the positive and negative predictive values are 56% and 64%. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, simple questionnaire-based diagnostic tools can be included in the screening procedures of patients with angina to detect the need for further OSA evaluation. In conclusion, the BQ is an effective instrument for this purpose.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Angina Pectoris/diagnóstico , Angina Pectoris/epidemiologia , Berlim , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Computação Matemática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polissonografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco
4.
Sleep Breath ; 16(3): 695-701, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21796489

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sleep apnea (SA) may be linked to coronary artery disease (CAD). Both conditions have similar risk factors, confounding the analyses. Investigation of the lipid profile is routine in the adult population, even without symptoms or suspected cardiac ailment. SA, however, remains underdiagnosed even in the presence of unambiguous clinical manifestations. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the association between SA and CAD, adjusting for usual CAD risk factors. METHODS: Patients who underwent diagnostic or therapeutic coronariography and portable type III polysomnography were studied. The severity of SA was determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). We measured classic CAD risk factors: fasting glucose; total, HDL, and LDL cholesterols; triglycerides; uric acid, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. We excluded patients older than 65 years, with body mass index higher than 40 kg/m(2), with diabetes, and with history of smoking in the last year. RESULTS: Of 55 included patients, 28 had AHI > 14, showing an odds ratio of 8.7 for CAD. Patients without (n = 29) and with CAD (n = 26), showed AHI of, respectively, 11 ± 11 and 23 ± 14 per hour (P = 0.001). In a binary logistic regression to predict CAD, controlling for all the above risk factors, the only variables entered in the stepwise model were AHI (either as continuous or categorical variable) and uric acid. CONCLUSION: In a sample without smokers, morbidly obese, or diabetic patients, AHI is the main predictor of CAD. SA should integrate the set of risk factors routinely assessed in clinical investigation for coronary disease risk stratification.


Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Polissonografia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia , Assistência Ambulatorial , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Causalidade , Angiografia Coronária , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco
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