RESUMO
In women, naturally induced anti-human papilloma virus (HPV) serum antibodies are a likely marker of host immune protection against subsequent HPV acquisition and progression to precancerous lesions and cancers. However, it is unclear whether the same is the case in men. In this study, we assessed the risk of incident genital infection and 6-month persistent genital infection with HPV16 in relation to baseline serostatus in a cohort of 2,187 men over a 48-month period. Genital swabs were collected every 6 months and tested for HPV presence. Incidence proportions by serostatus were calculated at each study visit to examine whether potential immune protection attenuated over time. Overall, incidence proportions did not differ statistically between baseline seropositive and seronegative men at any study visit or over the follow-up period. The risk of incident and 6-month persistent infection was not associated with baseline serostatus or baseline serum antibody levels in the cohort. Our findings suggest that baseline HPV seropositivity in men is not associated with reduced risk of subsequent HPV16 acquisition. Thus, prevalent serum antibodies induced by prior infection may not be a suitable marker for subsequent immune protection against genital HPV16 acquisition in men.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Papillomavirus Humano 16/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/genética , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Genitália Masculina/virologia , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Medição de Risco/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Comparative studies of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) among men having sex with men (MSM), men having sex with women and men (MSWM), and men having sex with women (MSW) have not been conducted so far; however, such comparisons may be important for planning prevention strategies like vaccination. METHODS: Men, aged 18 to 70 years, were enrolled in a study of genital HPV in São Paulo, Brazil; Cuernavaca, Mexico; and Tampa, FL. Men were classified as MSM (n = 170), MSWM (n = 214), and MSW (n = 3326) based on self-reported sexual behavior. Genotyping for HPV was conducted on cells from the penis and scrotum. Prevalence data were adjusted by country. Factors potentially associated with genital HPV were assessed using multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS: Genital HPV prevalence was typically higher among MSWM than among MSM or MSW for groups of HPV genotypes including nononcogenic types (51%, 36%, and 42%, respectively), and multiple types (37%, 24%, and 29%, respectively). Age and alcohol consumption in the past month were associated with oncogenic HPV among both MSM and MSWM; however, there were no statistically significant associations between sexual behaviors and genital HPV among MSM or MSWM. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of genital HPV may be higher among MSWM than among MSW or MSM. Number of female sex partners was associated with genital HPV among MSW, but number of male anal sex partners was not associated with genital HPV among MSM and MSWM.
Assuntos
Bissexualidade , Heterossexualidade , Homossexualidade Masculina , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Bissexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Heterossexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Pênis/virologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Escroto/virologia , Comportamento Sexual , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few human papillomavirus (HPV) serology studies have evaluated type-specific seroprevalence of vaccine HPV types in men. This study investigates seroprevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18, and associated risk factors in men residing in three countries (United States, Mexico, and Brazil). METHODS: Data from 1,477 men aged 18 to 70 enrolled in the HPV Infection in Men Study (HIM Study) were analyzed. Serum antibody testing was performed with virus-like particle-based ELISA. Potential risk factors were assessed for individual HPV types by the use of logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18 seroprevalence was 14.8%, 17.3%, 11.2%, and 5.8%, respectively. Thirty-four percent of men were seropositive to one or more HPV types. When examined by sexual practice, 31.2% of men who had sex with women, 65.6% of men who had sex with men (MSM), and 59.4% of men who had sex with both men and women (MSMW) were seropositive to one or more HPV types. Seroprevalence increased with age among young-to-middle-aged men with significant upward age trends observed for HPV 11, 16, and 18. Men with multiple lifetime male anal sex partners were 2 to 4 times more likely to be HPV 6 or 11 seropositive and 3 to 11 times more likely to be HPV 16 or 18 seropositive. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that exposures to vaccine HPV types were common in men and highly prevalent among MSM and MSMW. IMPACT: Our study provides strong evidence that the practice of same-sex anal intercourse is an independent risk factor for seroprevalence of individual vaccine HPV types. Examination of antibody responses to HPV infections at various anatomic sites in future studies is needed to elaborate on the mechanism.