RESUMO
Aims: To evaluate the antifungal effect of dobutamine against Candida glabrata as well as its synergism with azoles and its action on biofilm. Methods: The M27-A3 protocol and flow cytometry were used for elucidation of the possible mechanism of action. Results: The tested isolates presented MICs ranging from 2 to 32 µg/ml for dobutamine, with fungistatic effect. A total of 82% of the strains showed synergism with fluconazole, with 90% showing synergism with itraconazole. The effect on biofilm formation was nonsignificant. Cytometry tests showed that dobutamine induced mitochondrial depolarization. Conclusion: Dobutamine has an antifungal effect on strains of C. glabrata and synergistic activity with azoles. This effect is probably mediated by increased oxidative damage to the membrane.
Assuntos
Azóis , Candida glabrata , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Azóis/farmacologia , Dobutamina/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Aim: To evaluate the activity of diclofenac sodium and synergism with oxacillin against clinical strains of SARM in plactonic cells, antibiofilm and biofilm. Materials & methods: Synergism activity was assessed using the fractional inhibitory concentration index and its possible mechanism of action by flow cytometry. Results: The synergistic activity of diclofenac sodium with oxacillin was observed against plactonic cells, antibiofilm and in biofilm formed from clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Conclusion: This combination caused damage to the integrity of the membrane and ruptures in the DNA of the cells, leading to apoptosis.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Diclofenaco/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxacilina/farmacologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of midazolam, alone and in association with azoles, against isolates of clinical Candida spp. in planktonic and biofilm form. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity was observed using the broth microdilution technique. Flow cytometry tests were performed to investigate the probable mechanism of action and the comet test and cytotoxicity test were applied to evaluate DNA damage. Results: Midazolam (MIDAZ) showed antifungal activity against planktonic cells (125-250 µg/ml) and reduced the viability of Candida spp. biofilms (125 a 2500 µg/ml). The interaction of MIDAZ against Candida spp. biofilms was observed through scanning electron microscopy, causing alteration of their appearance. Therefore, MIDAZ has antifungal potential against Candida spp.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidíase/microbiologia , Midazolam/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/genética , Candida/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Candida/fisiologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the anesthetic etomidate against strains of MRSA and biofilms. Materials & methods: The antibacterial effect of etomidate was assessed by the broth microdilution method. To investigate the probable action mechanism of the compound flow cytometry techniques were used. Results: MRSA strains showed MIC equal to 500 and 1000 µg/ml of etomidate. Four-fifths (80%) of the tested MRSA strains demonstrated synergistic effect with oxacillin. Etomidate also showed activity against MRSA biofilm at concentration of 250 µg/ml. Cytometric analysis revealed that the cells treated with etomidate leading to cell death, probably by apoptosis. Conclusion: Etomidate showed antibacterial activity against MRSA.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Etomidato/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oxacilina/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/fisiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of etomidate alone and in combination with azoles on resistant strains of Candida spp. in both planktonic cells and biofilms. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity of etomidate was assessed by the broth microdilution test; flow cytometric procedures to measure fungal viability, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, free radical generation and cell death; as well detection of DNA damage using the comet assay. The interaction between etomidate and antifungal drugs (itraconazole and fluconazole) was evaluated by the checkerboard assay. Results: Etomidate showed antifungal activity against resistant strains of Candida spp. in planktonic cells and biofilms. Etomidate also presented synergism with fluconazole and itraconazole in planktonic cells and biofilms. Conclusion: Etomidate showed antifungal activity against Candida spp., indicating that it is a possible therapeutic alternative.