RESUMO
Due to the immune changes resulting from HIV/AIDS infection, systemic and local infections throughout the body are common. The use of high activity antiretroviral therapy has been widely used during treatment, which, added to the use of antibiotics, antifungals, and the patients' own immunocompromised state, cause important changes in the oral microbiota. The emergence of pathological microorganisms and with high resistance to drug therapies are frequent and cause serious damage to the oral health of these patients. In this sense, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) appears as a promising alternative in the control of these oral infections. The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of a therapeutic protocol for total oral aPDT mediated by a 660-nm red LED (light-emitting diode) associated with porphyrin in individuals with AIDS. Patients were selected by exclusion criteria and randomly distributed into groups to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial aPDT with 50 µg/ml porphyrin associated with the red LED. Before and after the treatments, saliva samples were collected and processed in duplicate in selective culture media. Colonies were counted and the results obtained in Log10 CFU/ml and tested statistically. It was concluded that aPDT was effective in reducing oral enterobacteria, in addition to reducing Streptococcus spp. and general count of microorganisms, when considering the numbers of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Fotoquimioterapia , Porfirinas , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Boca , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Porfirinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus lead to skin infections, as well as soft tissues and bone infections. Given the communal resistance to antibiotics developed by strains of this bacterium, photodynamic therapy emerges as a promising alternative treatment to control and cure infections. Females of the Balb/C mice were infected with 108 CFU of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and divided into four distinct groups: P-L- (negative control group), P+L- (group exposed only to curcumin), P-L+ (group exposed only to LED incidence of 450 nm, 75 mW/cm2, and 54 J/cm2 for 10 min), and P+L+ (group exposed to curcumin followed by 10 min of LED irradiation) (n = 24). The mice were euthanized 48 and 72 h after infection, and biologic materials were collected for analysis of the bacterial load, peripheral blood leukocyte counts, and draining lymph nodes cell counts. The normalization of data was checked and the ANOVA test was applied. The bacterial load in the draining lymph node of P+L+ group was lower when compared to the control groups 72 h post infection (p < 0.0001), indicating that the LED incidence associated with curcumin controls of the staphylococci intradermal infection. The number of the total lymph node cells shows to be lower than control groups in the two availed times (p < 0.01). The histological analysis and the counting of white blood cells did not show differences among cells in the blood and in the tissue of infection. This is the first report showing that photodynamic therapy may be effective against MRSA infection in a murine model of intradermal infection.
Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/fisiologia , Fotoquimioterapia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Carga Bacteriana , Feminino , Contagem de Leucócitos , Linfonodos/microbiologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/sangueRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfectant solutions (1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, 2% glutaraldehyde, 100% vinegar, tabs of sodium perborate-based denture cleanser, and 3.8% sodium perborate) in the disinfection of acrylic resin specimens (n = 10/group) contaminated in vitro by Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, S. aureus, Escherichia coli, or Bacillus subtilis as measured by residual colony-forming unit (CFU). In a separate experiment, acrylic resin was treated with disinfectants to monitor potential effects on surface roughness, Ra (microm), which might facilitate microbial adherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred fifty acrylic resin specimens contaminated in vitro with 1 x 10(6) cells/ml suspensions of standard strains of the cited microorganisms were immersed in the disinfectants for 10 minutes; the control group was not submitted to any disinfection process. Final counts of microorganisms per ml were performed by plating method for the evaluation of microbial level reduction. Results were compared statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p< or = 0.05). In a parallel study aiming to evaluate the effect of the tested disinfectant on resin surface, 60 specimens were analyzed in a digital rugosimeter before and after ten cycles of 10-minute immersion in the disinfectants. Measurements of superficial roughness, Ra (mum), were compared statistically by paired t-test (p< or = 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate were most effective against the analyzed microorganisms, followed by 100% vinegar, 3.8% sodium perborate, and tabs of sodium perborate-based denture cleanser. Superficial roughness of the specimens was higher after disinfection cycles with 3.8% sodium perborate (p= 0.03) and lower after the cycles with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (p= 0.04). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this experiment, it could be concluded that 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, 2% chlorhexidine, 100% vinegar, and 3.8% sodium perborate are valid alternatives for the disinfection of acrylic resin.