RESUMO
New therapeutic approaches are necessary to control strongyloidiasis due to the side effects of, and resistance to, currently available drugs thiabendazole, albendazole, and ivermectin. This study examined the anthelmintic properties of extracts and isolated compounds from Siparuna guianensis against Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae, using the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval motility test (LMT). Albendazole (0.025 mg/ml) and ivermectin (0.316 mg/ml) were used as the positive controls for the EHT and LMT assays, respectively. Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs or larvae (±50 specimens) were treated with ethanol extract (0.05-1.0 mg/ml), ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions (0.05-0.8 mg/ml), essential oil (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) and α-bisabolol (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) from S. guianensis, and analysed by optical microscopy after 48 h (EHT), or after 24, 48 and 72 h (LMT). All the tested compounds exhibited ovicidal activity equivalent to the positive control and changed the morphology of the eggs. The S. guianensis ethanol extract and aqueous fraction were as effective as the positive control. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract and fractions revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids. Therefore, S. guianensis is effective against S. venezuelensis eggs and larvae in vitro, and can be considered as a potential alternative treatment for strongyloidiasis.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Strongyloides/efeitos dos fármacos , Traqueófitas/química , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/química , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos/química , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Iron depletion was suggested to be protective against the development of ischemic heart disease. Population studies have led to conflicting results, and such an association has not been addressed in patients with heart failure due to cardiomyopathy. We studied the distribution of hemochromatosis-related mutations in 319 patients with heart failure due to cardiomyopathy of different etiologies. The genotypic distribution showed a significantly higher prevalence of heterozygotes for the C282Y mutation in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy than in patients with cardiomyopathy of nonischemic etiologies (p = 0.0036). The frequency of the D63 mutation was not significantly different between ischemic versus nonischemic groups. In multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and different degrees of disease progression, there was a strong and significant association of the C282Y mutation with ischemic cardiomyopathy compared with the nonischemic group (odds ratio 6.64, 95% confidence interval 1.71 to 25.73, after adjustment). In our sample, genetic variation in the HFE gene was associated with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Such association merits further study regarding its value as a prognostic marker in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Hemocromatose/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Ácido Aspártico/genética , Cisteína/genética , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Genótipo , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Hemocromatose/complicações , Histidina/genética , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Tirosina/genéticaRESUMO
From 1984 through 1995, a total of 82 patients were admitted to the Burn Center of the University Hospital of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo with a history of attempted suicide. Fifty-eight patients were female and 24 were male. The mean burned surface area (BSA) was 52.4 per cent and the mortality rate was 44 per cent. Methyl alcohol was used by 87.5 per cent of the patients to ignite the fire.