RESUMO
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare and life-threatening genetic disorder that severely impairs the immune system's ability to defend the body against infections. Often referred to as the "bubble boy" disease, SCID gained widespread recognition due to the case of David Vetter, a young boy who lived in a sterile plastic bubble to protect him from germs. SCID is typically present at birth, and it results from genetic mutations that affect the development and function of immune cells, particularly T cells and B cells. These immune cells are essential for identifying and fighting off infections caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In SCID patients, the immune system is virtually non-existent, leaving them highly susceptible to recurrent, severe infections. There are several forms of SCID, with varying degrees of severity, but all share common features. Newborns with SCID often exhibit symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, thrush, skin rashes, and persistent infections that do not respond to standard treatments. Without prompt diagnosis and intervention, SCID can lead to life-threatening complications and a high risk of mortality. There are over 20 possible affected genes. Treatment options for SCID primarily involve immune reconstitution, with the most well-known approach being hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Alternatively, gene therapy is also available for some forms of SCID. Once treated successfully, SCID patients can lead relatively normal lives, but they may still require vigilant infection control measures and lifelong medical follow-up to manage potential complications. In conclusion, severe combined immunodeficiency is a rare but life-threatening genetic disorder that severely compromises the immune system's function, rendering affected individuals highly vulnerable to infections. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are fundamental. With this respect, newborn screening is progressively and dramatically improving the prognosis of SCID.
Assuntos
Agamaglobulinemia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa/diagnóstico , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa/genética , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa/terapia , Linfócitos T , Diagnóstico Precoce , Mutação , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodosRESUMO
This study showed the effectiveness of biomedical interventions in obesity, diabetes and hypertension (NCDs), but innovative and intersectoral elements in the fight against obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension were rare. BACKGROUND: Is it possible to find effective and innovative actions to promote health and prevent NCDs in Brazilian municipalities? Can they be replicated? OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to identify innovative and effective intersectoral actions for promoting and preventing NCDs in Brazilian municipalities. METHODS: This is a systematic review in an exploratory theoretical essay with a qualitative and quantitative approach. It is descriptive and analytical in terms of reporting findings and results. Inclusion and exclusion criteria favored health promotion work. Bias risk assessments was performed using the Cochrane GRADE and bias risk, with meta-analyses using RevMan and Iramuteq. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of biometric markers resulted in -4.46 [95% IC; -5.42, -3.49], p = 0.00001, indicating a reduction in NCD risk rates. The textual meta-analysis revealed P(r) ≈ 83% (Reinert), meaning low connectivity between the 'halos'. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of the effectiveness in interventions, but innovative and intersectoral elements to combat and prevent NCDs were barely seen. While evidence of intervention effectiveness was observed, innovative and intersectoral elements to combat and prevent NCDs were barely noticed.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipertensão , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cidades , Promoção da Saúde , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The Numb Chin Syndrome (NCS) is defined as facial and oral numbness restricted to the mental nerve's distribution involving the lower lip, skin of the chin, or gingiva of the lower anterior teeth. Hypoesthesia can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. Although this syndrome is rare, its importance is related to the fact that it represents the clinical manifestations of malignant diseases. Breast cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are the most common cause of NCS. The patient, a 58-year-old woman, treated for a Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) nine years ago, described a two-week history of change in sensitivity and pain in the chin region, without relief with the use of analgesics. She had no headache, speech disturbance, dysphagia, visual disturbance, or other neurological symptoms. No surgical intervention has been performed recently. The intraoral examination revealed a healthy oral mucosa and a small area adjacent to the right mental nerve region that was uncomfortable to palpation. No changes were found in the bone trabeculae at cone-beam computed tomography. The contrasted magnetic resonance features made it possible to identify a change in the mandibular body extending to the entire right side, coinciding with the patient's complaint, indicating a probable mandibular medullary invasion. The patient was submitted to a biopsy to rule out a possible recurrence of BL. The microscopic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of BL. The present report described a very unusual presentation of late recurrent BL nine years after the first treatment, which manifested as an NCS.
RESUMO
SEM analysis of endodontic instruments from a Ni-Ti rotary system was assessed, before and after using them, considering their defects and deformations. Twenty Twisted File®, BioRaCe®, Mtwo®, and EndoWave® instruments were micrographed at 190× magnification. The files were washed and micrographed again to view alterations as to the presence or absence of irregular edges, grooves, microcavities, and scraping. Simulated root canal preparations were performed using these instruments. The instruments were cleaned and received a microscopic analysis after being used five times. After analysis tests were tested using Fisher's exact test and Kappa to evaluate the concordance among examiners. There was a statistically significant difference with respect to deformations between Twisted File® and other instruments (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in strains between the other groups (p > 0.05). All Twisted File® instruments showed the same defects; however damage were lower than those found in BioRace® and Mtwo®. The Endowave® did not show the same defects. In accordance with the data we conclude that the presence of defects was higher in Twisted File® instruments as the instruments and BioRace® Mtwo® brand, the defect rate was smaller and Endowave® instruments had no defects. Regarding the presence of wear after five uses among the groups all instruments showed changes in their cutting blades.
Assuntos
Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Níquel , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Propriedades de Superfície , Titânio , Humanos , Teste de MateriaisRESUMO
This study had the objective of evaluating the yield production of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania using a production system with and without irrigation. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo State, from December 2003 to January 2005. The size of the experimental area was six ha, being three ha used without irrigation and three ha irrigated by conventional aspersion system. For both areas, the production system was the rotational grazed using holstein frisian cows, with a day of occupation and twenty-seven days of rest period. The pasture productivity was evaluated by the following variables: forage mass before and after the grazing, forage accumulation rate, and forage structures. For the total residue of post-grazing and leaves it was not observed significant effects of cycle grazing, treatment, and the interaction grazing cycle x treatment. As general, the total mass of forage before grazing and the stem mass before and after grazing were greater in the summer/autumn period and lower during the winter/spring time. The rate of forage accumulation was greater in the spring/summer and lower in the autumn/winter. The rate of stems accumulation was higher at february/2004 and january/2005. The experimental design was a replicated time measuring model analyzed by the Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS). The treatment with irrigation leaded t
O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar a produtividade do Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia sob pastejo de lotação rotacionada com e sem irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, em São Carlos/SP no período de dezembro de 2003 a janeiro de 2005. Foi utilizada uma área de 6ha, sendo metade irrigada por aspersão convencional, pastejadas por vacas em lactação da raça holandesa, em sistema de pastejo rotacionado, com um dia de ocupação e vinte e sete dias de descanso. A produtividade do pasto foi avaliada por meio das variáveis: massa de forragem antes e após o pastejo, taxa de acúmulo e estrutura da forragem. Para o resíduo pós-pastejo total e de folhas não houve efeito significativo de ciclos de pastejo, tratamento e a interação ciclo de pastejo x tratamento. De modo geral, a massa de forragem total antes do pastejo e a massa de haste tanto antes quanto após o pastejo foram mais elevadas no período de verão/outono e mais baixas durante o inverno/primavera. A taxa de acúmulo de forragem foi mais elevada na primavera/verão e mais baixa no outono/inverno. A taxa de acúmulo de hastes foi elevada em fevereiro/04 e janeiro/05. O delineamento utilizado foi um modelo de medidas repetidas no tempo com o auxílio do pacote estatístico SAS (2001). O tratamento irrigado propiciou uma produção maior de forragem, com destaque para o período verão inverno e no período prim
RESUMO
This study had the objective of evaluating the yield production of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania using a production system with and without irrigation. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo State, from December 2003 to January 2005. The size of the experimental area was six ha, being three ha used without irrigation and three ha irrigated by conventional aspersion system. For both areas, the production system was the rotational grazed using holstein frisian cows, with a day of occupation and twenty-seven days of rest period. The pasture productivity was evaluated by the following variables: forage mass before and after the grazing, forage accumulation rate, and forage structures. For the total residue of post-grazing and leaves it was not observed significant effects of cycle grazing, treatment, and the interaction grazing cycle x treatment. As general, the total mass of forage before grazing and the stem mass before and after grazing were greater in the summer/autumn period and lower during the winter/spring time. The rate of forage accumulation was greater in the spring/summer and lower in the autumn/winter. The rate of stems accumulation was higher at february/2004 and january/2005. The experimental design was a replicated time measuring model analyzed by the Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS). The treatment with irrigation leaded t
O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar a produtividade do Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia sob pastejo de lotação rotacionada com e sem irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, em São Carlos/SP no período de dezembro de 2003 a janeiro de 2005. Foi utilizada uma área de 6ha, sendo metade irrigada por aspersão convencional, pastejadas por vacas em lactação da raça holandesa, em sistema de pastejo rotacionado, com um dia de ocupação e vinte e sete dias de descanso. A produtividade do pasto foi avaliada por meio das variáveis: massa de forragem antes e após o pastejo, taxa de acúmulo e estrutura da forragem. Para o resíduo pós-pastejo total e de folhas não houve efeito significativo de ciclos de pastejo, tratamento e a interação ciclo de pastejo x tratamento. De modo geral, a massa de forragem total antes do pastejo e a massa de haste tanto antes quanto após o pastejo foram mais elevadas no período de verão/outono e mais baixas durante o inverno/primavera. A taxa de acúmulo de forragem foi mais elevada na primavera/verão e mais baixa no outono/inverno. A taxa de acúmulo de hastes foi elevada em fevereiro/04 e janeiro/05. O delineamento utilizado foi um modelo de medidas repetidas no tempo com o auxílio do pacote estatístico SAS (2001). O tratamento irrigado propiciou uma produção maior de forragem, com destaque para o período verão inverno e no período prim