RESUMO
We assessed the efficacy of three different forest intervention techniques, in terms of phytosociological and edaphic responses, that were implemented in 2007. In a farm where trees are planted and managed for cellulose production as well as set aside for environmental conservation, four stands were analysed: three of them were considered degraded and were managed using different intervention techniques (transposition, perch, and abandonment), and a fourth stand comprising pristine vegetation was considered a control (reference). Floristic and phytosociology data were collected in three 10 × 10â m plots established in each stand. Also, a total of 48 soil samples were collected to analyse physical and chemical attributes of the topsoil for the different stands. In terms of biodiversity, all the treatments showed significantly lower values when compared to the reference area. However, the soils in all the treatment and reference stands are similar in terms of physical and chemical attributes. Taking into account the specificities of each restoration technique, we verified that the integrated use of a set of management practices, constituted by the (1) abandonment of the area and (2) following a selective killing of the eucalyptus, is the most suitable and promising model to provide fast and effective restoration in terms of environmental indicators.
Assuntos
Ecologia/métodos , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental/métodos , Florestas , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Selecting a suitable place to install a new landfill is a hard work. Bauru is a Brazilian municipality where the local landfill currently in use has a life span that is almost over, and the selection of a new area for a future landfill is crucial and urgent. Here we use a geographic information system (GIS) approach to indicate possible suitable areas for installing the landfill. The considered criteria were: river network and the respective buffer zone, relief urban areas and their respective buffer zone, existence of Areas for Environmental Protection (AEPs), occurrence of wells and their respective buffer zones, existence of airports and their buffer zones, wind direction, and the road network and its respective buffer zone. Due the facts that (1) Bauru has an urban area relatively large in relation to whole municipal area, (2) Bauru has two airports, and (3) this area encompasses parts of three AEPs, the model showed that there are few areas suitable and moderately suitable in Bauru, and the greater part of the municipality is unsuitable to install a new landfill. Due to this important finding reported here, the local policymakers should consider the suitable or even moderately suitable areas for analysis in situ or look for other creative solutions for destination of the solid waste. We highly encourage the use of GIS in studies that seek suitable areas for future landfills, having found that SIG was a tool that allowed fast and precise work and generated an outcome sufficiently clear of interpretation. IMPLICATIONS: Solid waste (SW) management is one of the main environmental concerns nowadays. Landfilling SW is still the main practice to disposal of such material. However, for many regions, suitable places for landfilling are getting scarce. This study proved this situation for a populous place in a southeastern Brazilian region. This study also showed how the decision makers should manage the problem in order to minimize the amount of SW generated and delivered for the landfill. Massive investment in education is a critical issue to reach the proposed aim.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Eliminação de Resíduos , Instalações de Eliminação de Resíduos , BrasilRESUMO
En este trabajo se estimó el valor del factor C de la Ecuación Universal de Perdida de Suelos para una cobertura muerta formada por residuos de podas de plazas y calles, colocados sobre u Oxisol fase arenosa, ubicado en el municipio de Itirapina, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. El período considerado para el análisis fue del 1º de enero al 31 de marzo de 1996. El valor estimado del factor C para el período estudiado fue 0,075. Se concluyó que el material demostró eficiencia satisfactoria para su uso como material para controlar la erosión. Son necesarios estudios complementarios en el sentido de optimizar el uso de esta cobertura muerta como controladora de la erosión y como abono orgánico, bien como sistematizar el estudio simultáneo con la determinación del factor C