RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the main non-pharmacological interventions for pain relief in newborns available in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHOD: An exploratory search of the MedLine, Lilacs and Scielo online databases was conducted to retrieve references of studies published from 2004 to 2013. RESULTS: Several non-pharmacological interventions were shown to be effective, to represent low risk for neonates and to have a low operational cost. The ones most often discussed in the literature were: oral administration of glucose/sucrose, non-nutritive sucking, breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, facilitated tucking and swaddling. CONCLUSION: Healthcare teams should be familiar with these methods and use them more effectively in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit daily routines, so as to ensure that newborns receive qualified and more human care.
Assuntos
Manejo da Dor/métodos , Dor/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva NeonatalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation and clinical validation of the Neonatal Skin Condition Score. METHODS: This methodological cross-cultural adaptation study included five steps: initial translation, synthesis of the initial translation, back translation, review by an Committee of Specialists and testing of the pre-final version, and an observational cross-sectional study with analysis of the psychometric properties using the Adjusted Kappa, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, and Bland-Altman Method statistical tests. A total of 38 professionals were randomly recruited to review the clarity of the adapted instrument, and 47 newborns hospitalized in the Neonatology Unit of the Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre were selected by convenience for the clinical validation of the instrument. RESULTS: The adapted scale showed approximately 85% clarity. The statistical tests showed moderate to strong intra and interobserver item to item reliability and from strong to very strong in the total score, with a variation of less than 2 points among the scores assigned by the nurses to the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The scale was adapted and validated to Brazilian Portuguese. The psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Neonatal Skin Condition Score instrument were similar to the validation results of the original scale.
Assuntos
Características Culturais , Triagem Neonatal , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Brasil , Comparação Transcultural , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , TraduçõesRESUMO
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify factors related to smoking during pregnancy. The sample included 267 puerperae hospitalized in the maternity unit of a university hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. The data were collected through a self-applied instrument and statistically analyzed. The majority of the puerperae (51.3%) were between 18 and 25 years old, 55.4% were nonsmokers, 25.5% were smokers, 19.1% had recently ceased smoking (in abstinence). The nonsmokers had more consultations than the smokers and the abstinent smokers (p=0.025). The number of women who had more than one child was higher among smokers than among nonsmokers and abstinent smokers (p=0.002). Women were more likely to stop smoking before pregnancy when they had a partner who was a nonsmoker (p=0.007). Several factors influence smoking and smoking cessation and these are important in prenatal interventions aimed at pregnant women and their partners.
Assuntos
Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Educação , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos de Amostragem , Parceiros Sexuais , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Sixteen smokers from Porto Alegre, Rio Grando do Sul, Brazil, in abstinence for more than six months were interviewed to investigate the factors that contribute for the success in quitting smoking. Interviews were examined by Content Analysis and seven categories emerged: determination to stop smoking, support received, social restrictions to smoking, benefits related to quitting smoking, information on the problems caused by smoking, elucidating campaigns, and the use of tricks. Results show that the individual's willingness to quit smoking overwhelms other factors, and that the smoker needs a lot of determination, as well as the support of society to be able to overcome the barrier of nicotine dependence.