RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a major cardiovascular risk factor because it predisposes individuals to comorbidities that are implicated in an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Its origin may be related to poor eating habits, such as the intake of foods of low nutritional value or inadequate eating behaviours related to emotional factors. This work aims to evaluate the relationship between the total body mass of children and adolescents and its association with eating habits, quality of life (QoL), and possible changes in early markers of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study that evaluated anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters, QoL, and eating behaviour in 181 children and adolescents aged between 5 and 13 years. Participants were stratified according to BMI/age into three groups (Adequate Weight, Overweight, and Obesity). Anthropometry included weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio. QoL was assessed using the Peds-QL 4.0 questionnaire, and eating behaviour was assessed using the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Cardiovascular parameters were assessed using the Mobil-O-Graph® device, which measures the pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx@75) to estimate arterial stiffness (AS), which is considered an early marker of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: In addition to the increase in anthropometric measurements (p < 0.001), the Obesity group exhibited behaviour related to food intake (p < 0.05). When analysing QoL, a worsening in the social domain was also observed in the Obesity group (p < 0.05). However, PWV and AIx@75 did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Eating behaviour is related to the development of childhood obesity. However, early markers of cardiovascular risk related to AS did not change as a function of total body mass in the children evaluated.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Obesidade Infantil , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Sobrepeso/complicações , Índice de Massa Corporal , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Fatores de Risco de Doenças CardíacasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate predictors and propose reference equations for the augmentation index normalized to 75 bpm heart rate (AIx@75) in healthy children and adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study involving 134 healthy children and adolescents aged 9 to 19 years old. Participants were categorized into child (n=53) and adolescent (n=81) groups, as well as into male (n=69) and female (n=65) groups. We evaluated AIx@75, vascular and hemodynamic parameters, anthropometric data, physical activity profile, and quality of life (Peds-QL4.0; physical, emotional, social and school domains). RESULTS: The predictors of AIx@75 in the whole sample were age, peripheral diastolic blood pressure (pDBP), mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure amplification (PPA), systolic volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), and pulse wave velocity (PWV; R2=80.47%). In the male group, the predictors of AIx@75 were SV, CI, total vascular resistence (TVR), and PWV (R2=78.56%), while in the female group, they were pDBP, PPA, SV, and PWV (R2=82.45%). In the children, they were pDBP, PPA, SV, and PWV (R2=79.17%), while in the adolescents, they were body mass index, pDBP, PPA, SV, TVR, and PWV (R2=81.57%). CONCLUSION: In the present study, we used a representative sample from Belo Horizonte to establish normality values of AIx@75. We also identified, for the first time, independent predictors of AIx@75 in healthy children and adolescents categorized by sex and age. Determining AIx@75 reference equations may facilitate the early diagnosis of preclinical atherosclerosis and allow an objective measure of the vascular effects of therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying cardiovascular risk factors.
Assuntos
Rigidez Vascular , Adolescente , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate predictors and propose reference equations for the augmentation index normalized to 75 bpm heart rate (AIx@75) in healthy children and adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study involving 134 healthy children and adolescents aged 9 to 19 years old. Participants were categorized into child (n=53) and adolescent (n=81) groups, as well as into male (n=69) and female (n=65) groups. We evaluated AIx@75, vascular and hemodynamic parameters, anthropometric data, physical activity profile, and quality of life (Peds-QL4.0; physical, emotional, social and school domains). RESULTS: The predictors of AIx@75 in the whole sample were age, peripheral diastolic blood pressure (pDBP), mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure amplification (PPA), systolic volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), and pulse wave velocity (PWV; R2=80.47%). In the male group, the predictors of AIx@75 were SV, CI, total vascular resistence (TVR), and PWV (R2=78.56%), while in the female group, they were pDBP, PPA, SV, and PWV (R2=82.45%). In the children, they were pDBP, PPA, SV, and PWV (R2=79.17%), while in the adolescents, they were body mass index, pDBP, PPA, SV, TVR, and PWV (R2=81.57%). CONCLUSION: In the present study, we used a representative sample from Belo Horizonte to establish normality values of AIx@75. We also identified, for the first time, independent predictors of AIx@75 in healthy children and adolescents categorized by sex and age. Determining AIx@75 reference equations may facilitate the early diagnosis of preclinical atherosclerosis and allow an objective measure of the vascular effects of therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying cardiovascular risk factors.