RESUMO
The traumatic event produces intolerable excitations to the psychic apparatus that searches to relief them through the production of symptoms. When established, patients with post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) may experience flashbacks, somatizations, negative emotions about themselves, and difficulty in social contact. This work seeks to understand how the psychodynamic functioning of women victims of interpersonal and urban violence, diagnosed with these disorders, is organized, identifying traumatic experiences, ways of interpersonal relationships, conflicts and psychic structures and use of defense mechanisms, and for peculiarities that may differentiate these disorders. The qualitative transversal method was used through the content analysis of clinical interviews based on the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2). The sample of this study consisted of five women with PTSD and five with CPTSD. The following categories were created: reasons for seeking care, symptoms and desire for treatment, traumatic developmental events, and characteristics of the psychic functioning. Early trauma generates psychic organizations with greater disintegration. A new traumatic event destabilizes the psychic organization and intensifies symptoms. Relationships were marked by dependence and isolation. Participants with CPTSD presented tendency to disintegration related to the object relation regulation and the psychic conflict was of Individuation versus Dependence, with more primitive flaws in object representations, existential need for the other and direct discharge of impulses. Participants with PTSD had moderate to low level of object relation integration and the conflict was need to be care of versus self-sufficiency, with self-representations being fragile and with reduced capacity to manage impulses. Thus, it could be observed that OPD-2 is capable of assessing in a broad and deep way patients with traumatic disorders, in addition to identifying essential peculiarities to guide health professionals towards treatment in the search for better quality of life for patients.
RESUMO
Los estudios sobre la resiliencia familiar son un instrumento importante para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención e intervención para familias en situación de riesgo, al considerar las capacidades familiares de transformación ante las diversidades. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir el concepto de resiliencia en familias, subrayando los principales modelos conceptuales de los procesos identificados en estudios sobre resiliencia en familias brasileñas. Para finalizar, se subrayan las implicaciones de este abordaje en el trabajo preventivo con familias y se presenta la metodología de inserción ecológica como una alternativa de investigación fundamental para el trabajo en situaciones de vulnerabilidad.
Studies about family resilience are important instruments for the development of preventive strategies addressed to families at risk, taking into consideration the family capacities of transformation when facing adversities. From this perspective, the objective of the current article is to discuss the concept of resilience in families, specially the main conceptual models of the resilient processes and the principal findings regarding resilient processes identified in studies in Brazilian families. Finally, the implications of this approach to the preventive work with families are highlighted and the ecological model is introduced as an alternative methodology to work with families in vulnerable situations.