RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) as a carboplatin chemotherapy-associated drug in female dogs with mammary carcinoma in benign mixed tumors (MC-BMT) after mastectomy and to assess its association with quality of life and survival rates. Sixty female dogs were included in this study, all of which had histopathological diagnosis of MC-BMT and were divided into three groups: G1 (control), consisting of animals submitted only to mastectomy with or without regional metastasis; G2, composed of treated animals that did not present with metastasis; and G3, treated dogs that presented with metastasis. G2 and G3 were also subdivided according to the treatment administered: chemotherapy alone (MC-BMT(-) C/MC-BMT(+) C) or LDN and chemotherapy (MC-BMT(-) C+LDN/MC-BMT(+) C+LDN). All animals were subjected to clinical evaluation, mastectomy, peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotyping, beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin quantification, and evaluation of survival rates and quality of life scores. The results showed higher serum concentrations of beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin, fewer chemotherapy-related side effects, and better quality of life and survival rates in the LDN-treated groups than in LDN-untreated groups (P < 0.05). Evaluation of clinical and pathological parameters indicated a significant association between the use of LDN and both prolonged survival and enhanced quality of life. These results indicate that LDN is a viable chemotherapy-associated treatment in female dogs with MC-BMT, maintaining their quality of life and prolonging survival rates.
Assuntos
Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/farmacologia , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Naltrexona/administração & dosagem , Animais , Cães , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Encefalina Metionina/metabolismo , Feminino , Imunofenotipagem , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/imunologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/cirurgia , Mastectomia/veterinária , Naltrexona/farmacologia , Metástase Neoplásica , Qualidade de Vida , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , beta-Endorfina/metabolismoRESUMO
We have evaluated the phenotypic features of peripheral blood leukocytes as putative novel biomarkers with prognostic values to monitor canine mammary carcinomas. Female dogs were categorized into distinct groups, referred as mammary carcinoma in benign mixed tumor-MC-BMT and mammary carcinoma-MC. Our findings demonstrate that decreased percentage of B-cells along with increased frequency of NK-cells, CD8(+)T-cells, and CD8(+)CD5(Low+)T-cells beside higher T/B-cells and lower CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio were the hallmarks of MC-BMT. Despite the lower expression of MHCI and MHCII, the lymphocytes from MC-BMT and MC displayed higher migration potential as suggested by enhanced frequency of CD18(+) events. Although increased levels of macrophage-like cells/(CD14(+)CD16(+)) and decreased levels of MHCII expression were a common phenotypic feature in mammary carcinoma, down-regulation of MHCI was selectively observed in MC. Decreased frequency of CD4(+) T-cells with increased levels of CD8(+) T-cells and lower CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio were relevant biomarkers of MC-BTM(-). Although decreased expression of MHCI by monocytes was observed in MC-BTM regardless of the presence of lymph node metastasis, this phenotypic feature was restricted to MC free of metastasis. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cells ratio lower than 1.8 was elected as a valid parameter with outstanding performance to predict survival in MC-BMT. On the other hand, the MHCI expression by monocytes higher than 10(2) MFI showed good value to estimate worse outcome in MC. These results should help to improve our understanding of the immunological heterogeneity of canine mammary carcinomas and provide tools for the determination of cut-off scores of clinically relevant immonophenotypic prognostic biomarkers.
Assuntos
Imunofenotipagem , Leucócitos/imunologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/imunologia , Relação CD4-CD8 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Cães , Feminino , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Leucocitose , Linfonodos/patologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/imunologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Monócitos/imunologia , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Prognóstico , Valores de Referência , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
La hipotermia transoperatoria es una complicación común en pacientes sometidos a anestesia general para procedimientos quirúrgicos. En este trabajo se evalúa el uso de un colchón térmico eléctrico como método de control de temperatura en 18 hembras caninas de aproximadamente seis meses de edad, sometidas a ovario-histerectomía (OVH) electiva, bajo anestesia general. Fueron evaluadas las constantes fisiológicas y los tiempos de recuperación, comparando tres grupos distribuidos aleatoriamente: G1, control, sin control de temperatura; G2, uso de colchón térmico a 38 °C durante el periodo trans y posoperatorio, y G3, control de temperatura de la misma manera pero solo en el periodo posoperatorio. El colchón térmico es una medida efectiva y segura para el control de la hipotermia perioperatoria mostrando mejores resultados cuando es usado en todos los momentos y no solo en el posoperatorio...
Intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication in patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgical procedures. This paper evaluates the use of an electric thermal mat as a temperature control method in 18 female dogs, approximately six month pregnant, subject to elective ovary-hysterectomy (OVH) under general anesthesia. Physiological constants and recovery times were evaluated by comparing three groups, randomly distributed: G1, control, without temperature control; G2, use of thermal mattress at 38 °C during and after surgery, and G3, temperature control in the same way but only during the postoperative period. The thermal mat is an effective and safe method to control perioperative hypothermia, showing better results when used at all times and not only during the postoperative period...
A hipotermia transoperatória é uma complicação comum em pacientes submetidos à anestesia geral para procedimentos cirúrgicos. Neste trabalho avalia-se uso de um colchão térmico elétrico como método de controle de temperatura em 18 fêmeas caninas de aproximadamente seis meses de idade, submetidas a ovário-histerectomia (OVH) opcional, sob anestesia geral. Foram avaliadas as constantes fisiológicas e os tempos de recuperação, comparando três grupos distribuídos aleatoriamente: G1, controle, sem controle de temperatura; G2, uso do colchão térmico a 38 °C durante o período trans e pós-operatório, e G3, controle de temperatura da mesma maneira, mas só no período pós-operatório. O colchão térmico é uma medida efetiva e segura para o controle da hipotermia perioperatória mostrando melhores resultados quando é usado em todos os momentos e não só no pós-operatório...