RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify evidence from the literature regarding interventions related to preparedness and response of primary health care (PHC) teams in situations of natural disaster. METHOD: Systematic review of the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Disasters, and Google Scholar. Quantitative case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional studies reporting interventions in the context of PHC on populations exposed to natural disaster were selected. RESULTS: Six studies were analyzed, performed in the Philippines, Vietnam, United States, Chile, and India. The preparedness interventions identified in the studies included the design of nursing preparedness and community education protocols; community vulnerability risk assessment; and identification of PHC services for implementation of disaster management plans. The response interventions described referred to trauma care, prevention of health problems, and participation in training. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence identified in the literature suggest that preparedness interventions are inadequate, and that the PHC response capacity is poor in situations of natural disaster.
OBJETIVO: Encontrar pruebas bibliográficas sobre intervenciones relacionadas con la preparación y la respuesta de los equipos de atención primaria de salud (APS) en situaciones de desastre relacionadas con amenazas naturales. MÉTODOS: Revisión sistemática de la bibliografía realizada en las bases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Disasters y Google Scholar. Se seleccionaron estudios cuantitativos (de diseño transversal, de casos y testigos, o de cohortes) referentes a intervenciones en grupos poblacionales expuestos a desastres naturales en el contexto de la APS. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron seis estudios realizados en Chile, Estados Unidos, Filipinas, India y Vietnam. Las intervenciones de preparación encontradas incluyeron la elaboración de protocolos de preparación del personal de enfermería y de educación de la comunidad; la evaluación del riesgo de vulnerabilidad de la comunidad; y la identificación de los servicios de APS para realizar planes de gestión de desastres. Las intervenciones de respuesta descritas se centraron en el tratamiento de traumatismos, la prevención de afecciones de salud y la participación en cursos de capacitación. CONCLUSIONES: Las pruebas identificadas señalaron que las intervenciones de preparación son inadecuadas y que el desempeño en lo referente a la capacidad de respuesta de la APS es deficiente en situaciones de desastre.
RESUMO
By the year 2025, Brazil will be the sixth country in the world with the largest elderly population. Public policies have the duty to help more people reach older ages with the best possible state of health. The objective of this study is to understand the perspective that health professionals have of comprehensive care and health needs. Subjects were seventeen health professionals who make up two teams of the Family Health Program (FHP) in the city of Santos. The subjects' statements were analyzed from the perspective of Social Representation, and using the theoretical framework of the Collective Subject Discourse. The analysis of the statements showed that the professionals are striving to meet the health needs of the elderly through actions of health prevention and promotion; however, their social and psychological needs are being met. The elderly need more integration and agility in the health system, since they have difficulties in terms of accessibility and movement in health services.