RESUMO
Emerald tree boas (Corallus batesii) are boids that in situ occurs in forested habitats in the Amazon Basin. The mycobacterial species can infect reptiles but the species Mycolicibacterium fortuitum was identified only in feces samples of ex situ Python regius and was isolated from granulomatous lesions of an ex situ Iguana iguana when was still part of the genus Mycobacterium. This article aims to report a mycobacteria infection case in a female Corallus batesii kept under human care. The animal presented apathy and 2 months of anorexia, being found dead. The necropsy revealed presence of tracheal and pulmonary nodules besides multifocal, bacterial, granulomatous pneumonia. After Fite-Faraco histochemical staining, immunohistochemistry, semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetic sequencing the Mycolicibacterium fortuitum complex was diagnosed with 99.54% of nucleotide similarity. This mycobacterial species was already pointed out as an important nosocomial pathogen and more studies are necessary to explore their zoonotic potential.
Assuntos
Boidae , Mycobacterium fortuitum , Animais , Feminino , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Boidae/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/veterinária , Evolução Fatal , FilogeniaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study used infrared thermography (IRT) for mapping the facial and ocular temperatures of howler monkeys, to determine parameters for the diagnosis of febrile processes. There are no published IRT study in this species. METHODS: Were evaluated images of a group of monkeys kept under human care at Sorocaba Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil). The images were recorded during 1 year, in all seasons. Face and eye temperatures were evaluated. RESULTS: There are statistically significant differences in face and eye temperatures. Mean values and standard deviations for facial and ocular temperature were respectively: 33.0°C (2.1) and 36.5°C (1.9) in the summer; 31.5°C (4.5) and 35.3°C (3.6) in the autumn; 30.0°C (4.3) and 35.6°C (3.9) in the winter; 30.8°C (2.9) and 35.5°C (2.1) in the spring. CONCLUSIONS: The IRT was effective to establish a parameter for facial and ocular temperatures of black-and-gold howler monkeys kept under human care.
Assuntos
Alouatta , Temperatura Corporal , Olho , Face , Raios Infravermelhos , Termografia , Animais , Termografia/veterinária , Termografia/métodos , Alouatta/fisiologia , Masculino , Estações do Ano , Feminino , Febre/veterinária , Febre/diagnóstico , Animais de ZoológicoRESUMO
Introduction: TAM receptor-mediated efferocytosis plays an important function in immune regulation and may contribute to antigen tolerance in the lungs, a site with continuous cellular turnover and generation of apoptotic cells. Some studies have identified failures in efferocytosis as a common driver of inflammation and tissue destruction in lung diseases. Our study is the first to characterize the in vivo function of the TAM receptors, Axl and MerTk, in the innate immune cell compartment, cytokine and chemokine production, as well as the alveolar macrophage (AM) phenotype in different settings in the airways and lung parenchyma. Methods: We employed MerTk and Axl defective mice to induce acute silicosis by a single exposure to crystalline silica particles (20 mg/50 µL). Although both mRNA levels of Axl and MerTk receptors were constitutively expressed by lung cells and isolated AMs, we found that MerTk was critical for maintaining lung homeostasis, whereas Axl played a role in the regulation of silica-induced inflammation. Our findings imply that MerTk and Axl differently modulated inflammatory tone via AM and neutrophil recruitment, phenotype and function by flow cytometry, and TGF-ß and CXCL1 protein levels, respectively. Finally, Axl expression was upregulated in both MerTk-/- and WT AMs, confirming its importance during inflammation. Conclusion: This study provides strong evidence that MerTk and Axl are specialized to orchestrate apoptotic cell clearance across different circumstances and may have important implications for the understanding of pulmonary inflammatory disorders as well as for the development of new approaches to therapy.
Assuntos
Receptor Tirosina Quinase Axl , Homeostase , Pulmão , Macrófagos Alveolares , Camundongos Knockout , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases , Silicose , c-Mer Tirosina Quinase , Animais , Camundongos , c-Mer Tirosina Quinase/metabolismo , c-Mer Tirosina Quinase/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Pulmão/imunologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/imunologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/genética , Silicose/metabolismo , Silicose/imunologia , Silicose/patologia , MasculinoRESUMO
This study aimed to assess the sonographic features of abdominal organs in healthy captive Neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis). The sonograph showed that the urinary bladder was located in the caudal abdomen and its content was uniformly anechoic. The bladder wall had three layers: outer hyperechoic serosa, hypoechoic muscular layer and hyperechoic mucosa. The mean total wall thickness was 0.10 cm. The splenic parenchyma had a homogeneous echotexture with greater echogenicity than that of the left renal cortex and liver. The borders were regular and tapered. Rugal folds were observed in the stomach when undistended. The mean gastric wall thickness was 0.28 cm and five distinct layers were visible. The liver had smooth contours, and division of the hepatic lobes was not precisely visualized. The hepatic parenchyma had a homogeneous echotexture with greater echogenicity as compared to the right kidney and lesser echogenicity than that of the spleen. The gallbladder appeared as an oval or rounded structure in the transverse plane, filled with homogeneous anechogenic content; the wall was thin, regular and hyperechoic, with a mean thickness of 0.09 cm. The kidneys had a lobulated appearance with renicular subunits. The mean total length of the kidneys in longitudinal plane was 6.18 cm for the left and 6.27 cm for the right. Each reniculus was covered by an echogenic capsule, and the medullary region was more hypoechogenic than the cortical region. In conclusion, sonographic features in most of the abdominal organs in Neotropical otters are similar to the ultrasound patterns observed in healthy dogs and cats, except for kidneys with reniculi.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Lontras , Gatos , Animais , Cães , Abdome/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Vieira's titi monkey (Plecturocebus vieirai) was recently described and characterized as endemic to Brazil. According to the IUCN red list, this species is classified as critically endangered (CR). At the date of the publication of this manuscript, there are no published data on the health aspects of this species. METHODS: For this study, the necropsy, and histopathological data of the mortality of P. vieirai at Sorocaba Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil) were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Causes of death diagnosed included disorders of the urinary, gastrointestinal, immune, and circulatory systems. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information regarding the pathological conditions of P. vieirai and points to urinary and gastrointestinal diseases as the main causes of death in this species at Sorocaba Zoo. These results can help veterinarians who have this species under their care diagnose and deal with it more quickly, increasing the probability of survival.
Assuntos
Callicebus , Pitheciidae , Animais , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Estudos Retrospectivos , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
AIM: Determining gastrointestinal parasites' frequency in non-human primates (NHPs) and handlers in different Brazilian institutions, and associate it with management information. METHODS: Different institutions in São Paulo (A), Brasília (B), Rio de Janeiro (C), Pará (D) and Santa Catarina (E) were included in the study. Fecal samples were processed by using coproparasitological techniques; information about NHP handling and professionals' routine were collected through the use of questionnaires. RESULTS: In total, 33.1% of 511 NHP samples were positive for parasites; the Entamoebidae Group and Strongyloides sp.-compatible eggs were the most detected protozoa and helminths, respectively. The Entamoebidae Group was mainly diagnosed in Alouatta from Institutions E and D, and was also the only parasite detected in handlers. Strongyloides-compatible eggs were mostly evident in fecal samples collected from Cebidae from Institutions B and D. Some risk factors associated with parasite infection were a high number of animals in the same enclosure and their use for research protocol purposes, whereas quarantine, a post-infection vacant period in enclosures and antiparasitic supply were categorized as protective factors against these agents' infection. CONCLUSIONS: Parasites showing different transmission routes but concomitantly circulating in NHP institutions located in different Brazilian regions were identified in the current study, with an emphasis on those presenting zoonotic potential.
RESUMO
Fleas are eurixenous ectoparasites that can parasitize different species of warm-blooded animals, including humans, with the possibility of causing irritation and blood spoliation. They are vectors responsible for the transmission of numerous pathogens and have a wide geographical distribution, more frequently in warm regions. Domestic animals (dogs and cats) are preferred hosts, but parasitism can also occur in wild hosts, with a greater variety of parasitic species and strong interaction between these siphonapters and their hosts. During the period from January 2021 to June 2023, flea specimens were collected from wild animals coming from the metropolitan region of Sorocaba, São Paulo. Some of these animals were animals from the zoo's own stock, which were diagnosed with parasitism during routine examinations and others were rescued from the natural environment and sent to the zoo. The flea specimens collected were packed in alcohol 700 GL and sent for microscopic diagnosis. Four groups were diagnosed at the specific level: Ctenocephalides felis, Rhopalopsyllus lutzi, R. lugrubis and Tunga penetrans, and two groups as unidentified species, belonging to the genera Rhopalopsyllus and Polygenis. The parasitized animals were all mammals, belonging to eleven different species, distributed in the Orders Carnivora, Didelphimorphia, Rodentia and Cingulata. Studies on the parasitofauna of wild animals contribute to a greater knowledge about the distribution of parasitic agents and their relationships with the host species.
As pulgas são ectoparasitos eurixenos que podem parasitar diferentes espécies de animais de sangue quente, incluindo seres humanos, com possibilidade de causar irritação e espoliação sanguínea. São vetores responsáveis pela transmissão de inúmeros patógenos e apresentam ampla distribuição geográfica, com maior frequência em regiões quentes. Os animais domésticos (cães e gatos) são hospedeiros preferenciais, mas o parasitismo pode ocorrer também em hospedeiros selvagens, com maior variedade de espécies parasitas e forte interação entre esses sifonápteros e seus hospedeiros. Durante o período de janeiro de 2021 a junho de 2023, espécimes de pulgas foram coletados de animais selvagens provenientes da região metropolitana de Sorocaba, São Paulo. Alguns destes animais eram animais do plantel do próprio zoológico, que foram diagnosticados com o parasitismo durante exames de rotina e outros foram resgatados do ambiente natural e encaminhados ao zoológico. Os espécimes de pulgas coletadas foram acondicionados em álcool 700 GL e enviados para diagnóstico microscópico. Foram diagnosticados quatro grupos a nível específico: Ctenocephalides felis, Rhopalopsyllus lutzi, R. lugrubis e Tunga penetrans, e dois grupos como espécies não identificadas, pertencentes aos gêneros Rhopalopsyllus e Polygenis. Os animais parasitados eram todos mamíferos, pertencentes a onze espécies diferentes, distribuídas nas Ordens Carnivora, Didelphimorphia, Rodentia e Cingulata. Estudos sobre a parasitofauna de animais selvagens contribuem para um maior conhecimento sobre a distribuição de agentes parasitários e suas relações com as espécies hospedeiras.
RESUMO
The present case is the first description of a co-infection with canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) in a free-living hoary fox pup from Brazil. The animal was found and rescued with poor body condition, dehydration, incoordination, ataxia, excessive vocalization, and "blue eyes" phenomenon. Despite the efforts, euthanasia was elected due to worsening clinical signs and poor prognosis. Pathologic examination revealed a mild, acute, random, necrotizing hepatitis, acute bronchopneumonia, hydrocephalus, corneal edema with epithelium degeneration, and acidophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies in different epithelial cells types with rare syncytial. Through immunohistochemistry, CDV antigen was observed in the tongue, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, stomach, intestine and urinary bladder. Adenovirus antigen was identified in the nucleus of scattered hepatocytes. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing demonstrated high similarity with CAdV-1 and wild-type strain of CDV close related to Brazilian viral lineages isolated from domestic dogs. Disease surveillance in wildlife animals is essential to assess possible conservation threats and consider the implementation of mitigation or control measures.
Assuntos
Adenovirus Caninos , Coinfecção , Vírus da Cinomose Canina , Cinomose , Animais , Cães , Raposas , Brasil , Cinomose/patologiaRESUMO
Brazilian porcupine poxvirus (BPoPV) is a new poxvirus recently described in porcupines (Coendou prehensilis) from Brazil. Herein, we described a free-ranging adult male Coendou (Sphiggurus) spinosus rescued after being found lethargic on the ground in a rural area. The animal presented crusty, edematous, and suppurative skin lesions on the face, tail, and perineum, and yellowish ocular secretion. The diagnosis was performed by histopathology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), PCR, and sequencing. Microscopically, proliferative and necrotizing dermatitis, subacute, multifocal with ballooning degeneration, and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies were observed. TEM confirmed large brick-shaped virions inside the keratinocyte cytoplasm, measuring about 200-280 × 120-180 nm. Partial fragment of intracellular mature virion membrane protein gene and putative metalloproteinase gene was successfully amplified and sequenced, and the strain herein denoted IAL/21 V-102 was classified as BPoPV, showing 99.4% of nucleotide identity to the reference strain UFU/USP001. Enrofloxacin 10% (10 mg/kg) was administered every 24 h through intramuscular injection for 10 days, dipyrone/metamizole (25 mg/kg) every 24 h orally (PO) for 3 days, 0.5 ml (mL) of thymomodulin every 24 h PO for 30 days, and each 48 h for another 15 days. The lesions were cleaned and debrided every 15 days. Seventy-five days after the beginning of the treatment, the cutaneous lesions regressed, the animal gained weight, and was clinically stable. After treatment, the skin biopsy showed only mild epidermal acanthosis, intra-cellular edema, and mild lymphoplasmacytic perivascular dermatitis. No viral particles were observed by TEM and no poxviral DNA was amplified by PCR. This study documents the first case of confirmed and treated BPoPV infection in a hairy dwarf porcupine. The implemented therapeutic plan eliminated the infection and improved the general state of the animal.
Assuntos
Dermatite , Porcos-Espinhos , Infecções por Poxviridae , Animais , Masculino , Pele , Microscopia Eletrônica de TransmissãoRESUMO
El ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus), es el ciervo más grande del continente sudamericano y figura en la lista de animales en peligro de extinción, de acuerdo con el IBAMA y la UICN. Tiene una población bajo el cuidado humano muy limitado, estimada en un centenar de individuos. Entre los principales problemas de la especie "ex situ" está la puliciose. Esta infestación puede causar anemia significativa, debilidad, pérdida de apetito y incluso la muerte. El control de los parásitos se lleva de varias maneras, con el combate de las pulgas en el huésped y el medio ambiente, en el que el conjunto de control es más eficaz. Sin embargo, el control de pulgas en animales salvajes es muy restringido, por el comportamiento agresivo del animal, como la ausencia de un producto eficaz y de acción prolongada. Este estudio probó un collar impregnado con imidacloprid y flumetrina, com uso recomiendado en perros domésticos, em una sola aplicación y con largo plazo. El producto ha demostrado muy eficaz durante dieciocho meses en la eliminacion de pulgas, asociado con la pulverizacion de deltametrina en la habitación; sin efectos adversos em los animales salvajes.
The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is the largest deer in the South American continent and is listed in the red list of endangered animals according to IBAMA and IUCN. It has a very small population in captivity, estimated at 100 individuals. Among the main problems of this species ex situ we have puliciosis. This infestation can cause significant anemia, weariness and even death. The control of these parasites is carried out in several ways, with flea combat in the hosts and in the environment, and joint control is the most effective method. However, the control of fleas in animals is quite restricted, both by the behavior of the animal, and by the nonexistence of an effective and long-acting anti parasitic product. This work tested a collar impregnated with imidacloprid and flumethrin, recommended for use in domestic dogs, because it is of single application and long duration. The collar showed to be very efficient for eighteen months, in the elimination of fleas, associated with spraying of deltamethrin in the enclosure; without occurrence of adverse effects.
O cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus), é o maior cervídeo do continente sul-americano e figura na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção, segundo o IBAMA e a IUCN. A espécie tem uma população muito reduzida ex-situ, estimada em cem indivíduos. Dentre os principais problemas dessa espécie em cativeiro temos a puliciose. Essa infestação pode causar anemia expressiva, inapetência e óbito. O controle desses parasitas é realizado de diversas formas, com combate das pulgas nos animais e no ambiente, sendo que o controle conjunto é o mais eficaz. No entanto, o controle das pulgas nos animais é bastante restrito, tanto pelo temperamento do animal, quanto pela inexistência de um produto eficaz e de longa ação. Esse trabalho testou uma coleira a base de imidacloprida e flumetrina, preconizada para uso em cães domésticos, por ser de aplicação única e de longa duração. A coleira se mostrou muito eficiente por seis meses na eliminação das pulgas, associada a aspersão de deltametrina no recinto; sem ocorrência de efeitos adversos.
RESUMO
El ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus), es el ciervo más grande del continente sudamericano y figura en la lista de animales en peligro de extinción, de acuerdo con el IBAMA y la UICN. Tiene una población bajo el cuidado humano muy limitado, estimada en un centenar de individuos. Entre los principales problemas de la especie "ex situ" está la puliciose. Esta infestación puede causar anemia significativa, debilidad, pérdida de apetito y incluso la muerte. El control de los parásitos se lleva de varias maneras, con el combate de las pulgas en el huésped y el medio ambiente, en el que el conjunto de control es más eficaz. Sin embargo, el control de pulgas en animales salvajes es muy restringido, por el comportamiento agresivo del animal, como la ausencia de un producto eficaz y de acción prolongada. Este estudio probó un collar impregnado con imidacloprid y flumetrina, com uso recomiendado en perros domésticos, em una sola aplicación y con largo plazo. El producto ha demostrado muy eficaz durante dieciocho meses en la eliminacion de pulgas, asociado con la pulverizacion de deltametrina en la habitación; sin efectos adversos em los animales salvajes.
The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is the largest deer in the South American continent and is listed in the red list of endangered animals according to IBAMA and IUCN. It has a very small population in captivity, estimated at 100 individuals. Among the main problems of this species ex situ we have puliciosis. This infestation can cause significant anemia, weariness and even death. The control of these parasites is carried out in several ways, with flea combat in the hosts and in the environment, and joint control is the most effective method. However, the control of fleas in animals is quite restricted, both by the behavior of the animal, and by the nonexistence of an effective and long-acting anti parasitic product. This work tested a collar impregnated with imidacloprid and flumethrin, recommended for use in domestic dogs, because it is of single application and long duration. The collar showed to be very efficient for eighteen months, in the elimination of fleas, associated with spraying of deltamethrin in the enclosure; without occurrence of adverse effects.
O cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus), é o maior cervídeo do continente sul-americano e figura na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção, segundo o IBAMA e a IUCN. A espécie tem uma população muito reduzida ex-situ, estimada em cem indivíduos. Dentre os principais problemas dessa espécie em cativeiro temos a puliciose. Essa infestação pode causar anemia expressiva, inapetência e óbito. O controle desses parasitas é realizado de diversas formas, com combate das pulgas nos animais e no ambiente, sendo que o controle conjunto é o mais eficaz. No entanto, o controle das pulgas nos animais é bastante restrito, tanto pelo temperamento do animal, quanto pela inexistência de um produto eficaz e de longa ação. Esse trabalho testou uma coleira a base de imidacloprida e flumetrina, preconizada para uso em cães domésticos, por ser de aplicação única e de longa duração. A coleira se mostrou muito eficiente por seis meses na eliminação das pulgas, associada a aspersão de deltametrina no recinto; sem ocorrência de efeitos adversos.
RESUMO
In this paper, we address the problem of no-reference quality assessment for digital pictures corrupted with blur. We start with the generation of a large real image database containing pictures taken by human users in a variety of situations, and the conduction of subjective tests to generate the ground truth associated to those images. Based upon this ground truth, we select a number of high quality pictures and artificially degrade them with different intensities of simulated blur (gaussian and linear motion), totalling 6000 simulated blur images. We extensively evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art strategies for no-reference blur quantification in different blurring scenarios, and propose a paradigm for blur evaluation in which an effective method is pursued by combining several metrics and low-level image features. We test this paradigm by designing a no-reference quality assessment algorithm for blurred images which combines different metrics in a classifier based upon a neural network structure. Experimental results show that this leads to an improved performance that better reflects the images' ground truth. Finally, based upon the real image database, we show that the proposed method also outperforms other algorithms and metrics in realistic blur scenarios.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Colonic interposition is one of the surgical options in children when esophageal replacement is necessary, especially when the stomach is not suitable as a conduit. Conventional open surgery and blind mediastinal dissections present reasonable morbidity, which can be reduced by videosurgery. The authors present novel techniques and the preliminary results of the first series of laparoscopically assisted esophagectomies and colonic interpositions (LECIN) in children. METHODS: Five children aged 19 months to 4 years underwent LECIN. Indications were complicated esophageal atresia and severe caustic esophagitis. The patients were operated on laparoscopically using 3 ports, including the gastrostomy site. Transhiatal esophagectomy was carried out, followed by pyloroplasty and mobilization of the transverse colon maintaining a double blood supply from the left pedicle. The stomach at the gastrostomy site was freed and closed in 3 cases. The colon was exteriorized through this 2- to 3-cm site or through the umbilicus, and the conduit was fashioned extracorporeally, including the colocolic and gastrocolic anastomosis. The colon was pulled up along the retromediastinal tunnel for the coloesophageal anastomosis through a cervical incision. RESULTS: Operative times ranged from 3 to 4.3 hours; there were no conversions and no complications related to laparoscopy. There were no cardiorespiratory problems, and 4 were extubated immediately after operation. Feedings could be started by day 3 to 4. Postoperative complications included atelectasis (1), pneumonia (1), and cervical stenosis because of persistent fibrotic esophagus, requiring cervical revision (1). One needed dilatations for mild dysphagia. After a follow-up period of 10 to 29 months, all patients are asymptomatic, gaining weight, and feeding well. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that LECIN is feasible and can be safely performed with very low morbidity in children. Further studies with larger series and follow-up are expected.