RESUMO
The effectiveness of maintenance care program applied at different period of time was evaluate in patients treated for gingivitis and incipiente marginal periodontitis. Fifty six patients were divided in three groups, each one controlled three times (each 2, 4 and 6 months respectively), to evaluate periodontal health. At each control, gingival index and plaque index was registered and patients had profilaxis and reinforcement of dental care instructions. All patients knew and practiced a control plaque control during active treatment. Results demonstrated that maintenance care program applied each 2 months, could get better clinical healthy periodontal conditions, without influence of patient's control plaque. Those patients with good hygiene could provide for an acceptable level of periodontal health even in patients controlled each 4 and 6 months. Positive correlations between controls in each index are indicative for that. Age seemingly do not have influence like etiological factor of recurrence inflammation. High correlation between plaque index and gingival index was found in every control mainly in the groups controlled each 4 and 6 months.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Profilaxia Dentária , Gengivite/terapia , Periodontite/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Higiene Bucal , Índice Periodontal , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Infant and childhood mortality rates in São Paulo fell by about 50% and 70% respectively between 1973 and 1983. However, surveys in 1973-74 and 1984-85 showed no change in the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition, nor were there marked changes in the socioeconomic characteristics of the population. Improvements in water supply and the duration of breast-feeding possibly accounted for a 20% decrease in the infant mortality rate. It is proposed that the markedly improved coverage of health services may have played a large role in explaining the rest of the decrease. The control of malnutrition may not always be essential for lowering infant and child mortality in developing societies.
PIP: Between 1973-83 infant and child mortality rates in Sao Paulo, Brazil fell about 50% and 70% 2 health surveys were done: one in 1973-74 and a second one in 1984-85. Results from both surveys showed that moderate and severe cases of malnutrition were rare; the prevalence of severe cases was below 1%. The most important finding regarding causes of declines in mortality rates for children under 5 was that this was not accompanied by any significant changes in the prevalence of malnutrition. Therefore, reductions in the prevalence of malnutrition may not be an essential ingredient in lessening the death rates in developing countries. The authors used data on the relative risks for infant mortality (IM) from 2 studies in similar urban areas to assess the possible impact of other factors on mortality. The 1st study was a cohort study of risk factors for IM and the 2nd was a case-control study of IM due to infectious diseases. The indicators used were socioeconomic status, demographic, environmental, health care, and breastfeeding. The outcomes of the study demonstrated that changes in socioeconomic variables and in the prevalence of malnutrition do not explain reductions in infant and child mortality in Sao Paulo. However, expansion of the water supply and increase in breastfeeding could account for 20% of the IMR. One can also state that the expansion and quality of health care were instrumental in lowering the mortality rates.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde da Criança/provisão & distribuição , Mortalidade Infantil , Mortalidade , Brasil , Aleitamento Materno , Pré-Escolar , Demografia , Meio Ambiente , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Lactente , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Alimentação com Mamadeira , Brasil , Escolaridade , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A random sampling of children under age five in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1984/85, disclosed the median duration of breast-feeding to be 3.5 months and the duration of exclusive breast-feeding, 2.0 months. A comparison of these figures with those of a similar survey carried out in the same city in 1973/74 revealed a substantial increase in both the frequency and duration of breast-feeding. The trend was evident in all socioeconomic strata but most marked among women from higher income and educational levels.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Brasil , Coleta de Dados , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Renda , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Fatores de Tempo , População UrbanaAssuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Nível de Saúde , Saúde , Análise Atuarial , Brasil , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos de Amostragem , DesmameAssuntos
Nível de Saúde , Saúde , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil , Pré-Escolar , Habitação , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estado Nutricional , Estudos de Amostragem , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
The present study was carried out in the rural areas of four municipalities in the North-East of Brazil as part of a broader survey which covered a sample of families living in the area. A subsample of adults (453 women and 126 men) was obtained from individuals who attended the survey's post for clinical and anthropometric evaluation. According to land tenure, they were stratified into four categories: those with-without land (W.L.); small land owner (S.O.); medium land owners (M.O.); and large land owners (L.O.). Means for anthropometric variables (height, weight, middle arm circumference and skinfold thickness) were calculated for each stratum. The differences between groups were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Findings revealed that the larger the property, the greater the mean value for height; extreme values attained a difference of 7 and 6 cm in men and women, respectively. Mean weight increased as land ownership grew reaching a difference of 9 and 11 kg in men and women, respectively (p less than 0.01). Skinfold thickness and middle arm circumference showed significant differences between strata. To evaluate their present nutritional status, the adequacy of weight to height was obtained. In spite of the low proportion of individuals who exhibited less than 90%, adequate improvement was detected as land tenure increased. The study discusses the precariousness of criteria and patterns for the nutritional evaluation of adults, and suggests the existence of a relationship between nutritional status and land ownership.