RESUMO
The strong facet-dependent performance of glass-supported CeO2 thin films in different applications (catalysis, smart windows, etc.) has been the target of diverse fundamental and technological approaches. However, the design of accurate, cost-effective and scalable methods with the potential for large-area coverage that produce highly textured glass-supported CeO2 thin films remains a technological challenge. In the present work, it is demonstrated that under proper tuning conditions, the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique enables one to obtain glass-supported polycrystalline CeO2 films with noticeable texture along both the (100) and (111) directions, as well as with randomly oriented crystallites (no texture). The influence of flow rates, solution molarity, and substrate temperature on the texture and morphological characteristics, as well as optical absorption and Raman response of the deposited films, is evaluated. The obtained results are discussed on the basis of the combined dependence of the CeO2-exposed surfaces on the thermodynamic stability of the corresponding facets and the reaction kinetics, which modulate the crystallite growth direction.
RESUMO
Synthesis of high-purity BiFeO3 is very important for practical applications. This task has been very challenging for the scientific community because nonstoichiometric Bi(x)Fe(y)O(z) species typically appear as byproducts in most of the synthesis routes. In the present work, we outline the synthesis of BiFeO3 nanostructures by a combustion reaction, employing tartaric acid or glycine as promoter. When glycine is used, a porous BiFeO3 network composed of tightly assembled and sintered nanocrystallites is obtained. The origin of high purity BiFeO3 nanomaterial as well as the formation of other byproducts is explained on the basis of metal-ligand interactions. Structural, morphological, and optical analysis of the intermediate that preceded the formation of porous BiFeO3 structures was accomplished. The thorough characterization of BiFeO3 nanoparticles (NPs) included powder X-ray diffraction (XRD); scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); UV-vis electronic absorption (diffuse reflectance mode), Raman scattering, Mössbauer, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies; and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The byproducts like ß-Bi2O3 and 5 nm Bi2Fe4O9 NPs were obtained when tartaric acid was the promoter. However, no such byproducts were formed using glycine in the synthesis process. The average sizes of the crystallites for BiFeO3 were 26 and 23 nm, for tartaric acid and glycine promoters, respectively. Two band gap energies, 2.27 and 1.66 eV, were found for BiFeO3 synthesized with tartaric acid, obtained from Tauc's plots. A remarkable selective enhancement in the intensity of the BiFeO3 A1 mode, as a consequence of the resonance Raman effect, was observed and discussed for the first time in this work. For glycine-promoted BiFeO3 nanostructures, the measured magnetization (M) value at 20,000 Oe (0.64 emu g(-1)) was â¼5 times lower than that obtained using tartaric acid. The difference between the M values has been associated with the different morphologies of the BiFeO3 nanostructures.
RESUMO
Multiresistance among microorganisms to common antimicrobials has become one of the most significant concerns in modern medicine. Nanomaterials are a new alternative to successfully treat the multiresistant microorganisms. Nanostructured materials are used in many fields, including biological sciences and medicine. Recently, it was demonstrated that the bactericidal activity of zero-valent bismuth colloidal nanoparticles inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans; however the antimycotic potential of bismuth nanostructured derivatives has not yet been studied. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze the fungicidal activity of bismuth oxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans, and their antibiofilm capabilities. Our results showed that aqueous colloidal bismuth oxide nanoparticles displayed antimicrobial activity against C. albicans growth (reducing colony size by 85%) and a complete inhibition of biofilm formation. These results are better than those obtained with chlorhexidine, nystatin, and terbinafine, the most effective oral antiseptic and commercial antifungal agents. In this work, we also compared the antimycotic activities of bulk bismuth oxide and bismuth nitrate, the precursor metallic salt. These results suggest that bismuth oxide colloidal nanoparticles could be a very interesting candidate as a fungicidal agent to be incorporated into an oral antiseptic. Additionally, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration for the synthesized aqueous colloidal Bi2O3 nanoparticles.