RESUMO
OBJETIVO: medir el desempeño de las Funciones Esenciales en Salud Pública (FESP) en tres municipios que corresponden a la zona Penderisco del suroeste antioqueño (Concordia, Betulia y Salgar) en 2011. METODOLOGIA: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en los tres municipios. Se adaptó el instrumento de medición de las FESP en el ámbito nacional, elaborado por la OPS para aplicarlo localmente, se ajustó a las competencias y campos de acción de las autoridades municipales, se suprimieron preguntas no pertinentes para el nivel y se recalcularon las fórmulas que generaban el puntaje y los indicadores. El instrumento se aplicó a un grupo de expertos en cada municipio. RESULTADOS:en la zona Penderisco, se encontraron tres funciones FESP1, FESP2 y FESP4 con desempeño óptimo. Las FESP3, FESP5, FESP6, FESP7, FESP8, FESP9 y FESP11 con desempeño medio superior y la FESP10 un desempeño mínimo. Dos indicadores de desarrollo de capacidades e infraestructura para la salud pública, fueron clasificados como debilidades, coincidente en los tres municipios: conocimientos, habilidades y mecanismos para revisar, perfeccionar y hacer cumplir el marco regulatorio y el desarrollo de la capacidad institucional de investigación. CONCLUSIONES: a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por los países para mejorar el desempeño de las FESP, el desarrollo es incipiente con algunas excepciones, este mismo esquema se refleja en los municipios estudiados. Pocas funciones están clasificadas en desempeño óptimo y como fortalezas. El desarrollo de capacidades e infraestructura para soportar el desarrollo de las FESP es débil.
OBJETIVE: to measure the performance of the Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF) in three municipalities from the Penderisco area of Southwestern Antioquia (a zone encompassing three municipalities: Betulia, Concordia, and Salgar) in 2011. METHODOLOGY: we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in three municipalities. To this end, we adapted the instrument for measuring EPHF for use in Colombia. The instrument was developed by the paho, and we implemented its adapted version locally. The instrument was adjusted to the skills and fields of action of the municipal authorities, the questions that were not relevant for the local context were removed, and the formulas for generating scores and indicators were re-calculated. The instrument was applied to a group of experts in each municipality. RESULTS: in the Penderisco zone, three functions had optimal performance: EPHF1, EPHF4, EPHF2. Additionally, the functions labeled EPHF3, EPHF5, EPHF6, EPHF7, EPHF8, EPHF9, and EPHF11 had above average performance. EPHF10, in turn, showed minimum performance. Two indicators of development of capacity and infrastructure for public health were classified as weaknesses, namely: knowledge, skills, and mechanisms to review, refine and enforce the regulatory framework and development of institutional research capacity. This is consistent in the three municipalities. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the efforts made by countries to improve the performance of the essential public health functions, development is still budding; the same scenario is seen in the studied municipalities. Few functions had optimal performance and were considered strengths and capacity development and the infrastructure for supporting the development of essential public health functions are weak.
Assuntos
Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Funções Essenciais da Saúde Pública , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
We evaluated the influence of temperature, rainfall, and host relative abundance on Rogenhofera bonaerensis (Diptera, Cuterebridae) parasitism prevalence in shrubland mouse (Akodon molinae) populations in central Argentina, from February 1983 to December 1987. Parasitism did not vary significantly with host age: juvenile-subadults (32%), adults (26%), and old adults (29%). Females were more frequently parasitized (36%) than were males (20%). There was no correlation between parasitism and reproductive activity. Infested hosts were recorded most commonly in summer (January to March, 19%), and in fall (April to June, 30%). During the dry season, July through November, cuterebrid parasitism averaged only 3%. The monthly prevalence of parasitism throughout the year was not associated either with monthly precipitation nor with mean monthly temperature at the time of sampling. But a 2 to 3 month time-lag effect of both climatic variables on parasitism was recorded. Bot fly prevalence was correlated to an index of host density. We propose climate and host availability as important factors affecting bot fly parasitism in the semiarid shrubland of central Argentina.
Assuntos
Arvicolinae/parasitologia , Dípteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Miíase/veterinária , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Miíase/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Chuva , Análise de Regressão , Estações do Ano , Fatores Sexuais , TemperaturaRESUMO
The extent to which a theory of family decisions (in which fertility behavior and family size are based on family's economic interests) can be applied to data for Chile is examined. Data for the period 1960-1985 concerning fertility and infant mortality are used. "The structure is a four equation relation: one for the birth rate, one for infant mortality rate, one for the rate of the participation of women in the labor market, and the last one, used as auxiliary for the per capita income." The results confirm the validity of the theory. (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Assuntos
Coeficiente de Natalidade , Economia , Emprego , Características da Família , Fertilidade , Renda , Mortalidade Infantil , Modelos Teóricos , América , Chile , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Mão de Obra em Saúde , América Latina , Mortalidade , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Pesquisa , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do SulRESUMO
La ruptura del ventrículo izquierdo una complicación rara. Los autores analizan la frecuencia de la ruptura del ventrículo izquierdo como complicación fatal de la cirugía en el Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, se afectuaron 534 reemplazos mitrales como procedimiento único; se encontraron 9 casos de ruptura del ventrículo izquierdo con 1 sobre vida, lo cual da una mortalidad del 88.8%. Otros autores reportan cifras entre el 35 y 100% de mortalidad cuando se produjo el accidente. Se recomienda una buena selección de la prótesis a implantar y el tamaño no debe ser demasiado grande; igualmente son preferibles las prótesis, ya sean mecánicas o biológicas de bajo perfil, especialmente en los casos en que el ventrículo izquierdo es pequeño
Assuntos
Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ruptura Cardíaca/complicações , Ruptura Cardíaca/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/cirurgiaRESUMO
Seasonality and impact of parasitism by the larvae of Rogenhofera bonaerensis (Diptera: Cuterebridae) in pampean grassland mouse (Akodon azarae, Rodentia, Cricetidae) populations were studied in grasslands and cropfield borders near Diego Gaynor (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina), from November 1985 to December 1986. Trapped mice infections ranged from one larva (77%) to four (4%) per host; larvae occurred on tails (75.7%), backs (17.1%), thighs (5.7%), and abdomen (1.4%). Prevalence of larvae occurred in late spring (November and December) (35%), and in fall (March to June) (20%), with a peak of 25% during April and May. In spring these larvae affected 46% of resident and 19% of transient individuals; however, no differences were found between residents and transients in spring or fall. There was no significant relationship between mouse population density and prevalence of parasitism (r = -0.56). The annual percentage of infected rodents changed with age (body size classes): adults (37%) greater than subadults (25%) greater than juveniles (16%); with no differences between the sexes. Similar results were recorded in the spring, but there were no differences in the fall. Significant differences were not detected between stable (22% infected) and disturbed habitats (14% infected). During winter uninfected mice survived better than those infected during the previous fall. In contrast, the summer survival among spring infected mice and noninfected mice was similar. Parasitism showed no effects on reproductive activity and on home range size. Larvae showed strong host specificity for A. azarae (99%). Only one case was recorded in the long-tailed mouse (Oligoryzomys flavescens), and none in the white paunch mouse (Calomys laucha), both species sympatric with A. azarae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Arvicolinae/parasitologia , Miíase/veterinária , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Abdome/parasitologia , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Dorso/parasitologia , Miíase/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Reprodução , Estações do Ano , Cauda/parasitologia , Coxa da Perna/parasitologiaAssuntos
Agricultura , Ecologia , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/prevenção & controle , Controle de Roedores , Animais , Argentina , Humanos , Densidade Demográfica , Roedores , Glycine max , Triticum , Zea maysRESUMO
En este trabajo se analizo la variacion de las densidades de especies de roedores segun el tipo de cultivo y manejo agricola.Comparando campos de maiz y soja, a termino, se observo que en los primeros la densidad es mayor que en los segundos, mientras que esta es aun menor en los campos de cultivo invernal, excepto durante su rastrojo. Los campos de maiz que fueron pastoreados previamente a su siembra muestran, a termino menor densidad de roedores que los que no fueron pastoreados, mientras que en los campos de soja la siembra con maquina de trigo tiene un efecto similar. El efecto de los distintos cultivos y manejos varia segun la especie de roedor considerada, siendo las del genero Calomys las que muestran mayor variacion. Debido a que dichas especies son las de mayor importancia epidemiologica, se sugiere, como una primera aproximacion al control ecologico de la FHA, la siembra de soja en lugar de maiz en el area endemica y zonas aledanas, asi como el pastoreo intensivo de los campos previamente a la siembra
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Agricultura , Controle de Roedores , Ecologia , Febre Hemorrágica Americana , ArgentinaRESUMO
En este trabajo se analizo la variacion de las densidades de especies de roedores segun el tipo de cultivo y manejo agricola.Comparando campos de maiz y soja, a termino, se observo que en los primeros la densidad es mayor que en los segundos, mientras que esta es aun menor en los campos de cultivo invernal, excepto durante su rastrojo. Los campos de maiz que fueron pastoreados previamente a su siembra muestran, a termino menor densidad de roedores que los que no fueron pastoreados, mientras que en los campos de soja la siembra con maquina de trigo tiene un efecto similar. El efecto de los distintos cultivos y manejos varia segun la especie de roedor considerada, siendo las del genero Calomys las que muestran mayor variacion. Debido a que dichas especies son las de mayor importancia epidemiologica, se sugiere, como una primera aproximacion al control ecologico de la FHA, la siembra de soja en lugar de maiz en el area endemica y zonas aledanas, asi como el pastoreo intensivo de los campos previamente a la siembra